zulip/docs/bots-guide.md

Writing bots

This feature is still experimental.

The contrib_bots system is a new part of Zulip that allows bot developers to write a large class of bots by simply reacting to messages.

With bots, you can

• intercept and view messages sent by users on Zulip
• send out new messages

With bots, you cannot

• modify an intercepted message (you have to send a new message)
• send messages on behalf of other users
• intercept private messages (except for PMs that are sent to the bot)

On this page you'll find:

• A step-by-step tutorial on how to deploy a bot.
• A step-by-step tutorial on how to develop a bot.
• A documentation of the bot API.
• Common problems when developing/deploying bots and their solutions.

Contributions to this guide are very welcome, so if you run into any issues following these instructions or come up with any tips or tools that help with writing bots, please visit #bots on the Zulip development community server, open an issue, or submit a pull request to share your ideas!

How to deploy a bot

This guide will show you how to deploy a bot on your running Zulip server. It presumes that you already have a fully implemented <my-bot>.py bot and now want to try it out.

1. Copy your bot <my-bot>.py to ~/zulip/contrib_bots/bots/<my-bot>/<my-bot>.py.

   • This is the place where all Zulip bots are stored.

   • You can also test out bots that already exist in this directory.

2. Run your Zulip server. Bots can only be deployed on running systems.

3. Register a new bot on your Zulip server's web interface.

   • Navigate to Settings -> Your bots -> Add a new bot, fill out the form and click on Create bot.
   • A new bot should appear in the Your bots panel.

4. Add the bot's configuration file on your Zulip server.

   • In the Your bots panel, click on the green icon to download its configuration file .zuliprc (the structure of this file is explained here.
   • Copy the file to a destination of your choice on your Zulip server, e.g. to ~/.zuliprc or ~/zuliprc-test.

5. Subscribe the bot to the streams that the bot needs to read messages from or write messages to.

   • To subscribe your bot to streams, navigate to Manage Streams. Select a stream and add your bot by its email address (the address you assigned in step 3).
   • Now, the bot will do its job on the streams you subscribed it to.

6. Run the bot.

   • On your Zulip server (and outside the Vagrant environment), navigate to ~/zulip/contrib_bots/

   • Run python run.py ~/zulip/contrib_bots/bots/<my-bot>/<my-bot>.py --config-file ~/.zuliprc. The ~/ before .zuliprc should point to the directory containing the file (in this case, it is the home directory).

   • Check the output of the command. It should start with the text the usage function returns, followed by logging output similar to this:

     INFO:root:starting message handling...
     INFO:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTP connection (1): localhost
     

   • Congrats! Now, your bot should be ready to test on the streams you've subscribed it to.

Test the followup.py bot

1. Do the previous steps for the followup.py bot.
2. Create the followup stream.
3. Subscribe the bot to the newly created followup stream and a stream you want to use it from, e.g. social.
4. Send a message to the stream you've subscribed the bot to (other than followup). If everything works, a copy of the message should now pop up in the followup stream.

How to develop a bot

The tutorial below explains the structure of a bot <my-bot>.py. You can use this as boilerplate code for developing your own bot.

Every bot is built upon this structure:

class MyBotHandler(object):
    '''
    A docstring documenting this bot.
    '''

    def usage(self):
        return '''Your description of the bot'''

    def handle_message(self, message, client, state_handler):
        # add your code here

handler_class = MyBotHandler

• The class name (in this case MyBotHandler) can be defined by you and should match the name of your bot. To register your bot's class, adjust the last line handler_class = MyBotHandler to match your class name.

• Every bot needs to implement the functions

  • usage(self)
  • handle_message(self, message, client)

• These functions are documented in the next section.

Bot API

This section documents the functions every bot needs to implement and the structure of the bot's config file.

usage

usage(self)

is called to retrieve information about the bot.

Arguments

• self - the instance the method is called on.

Return values

• A string describing the bot's functionality

Example implementation

def usage(self):
    return '''
        This plugin will allow users to flag messages
        as being follow-up items.  Users should preface
        messages with "@followup".
        Before running this, make sure to create a stream
        called "followup" that your API user can send to.
        '''

handle_message

handle_message(self, message, client)

handles user message.

Arguments

• self - the instance the method is called on.

• message - a dictionary describing a Zulip message

• client - used to interact with the server, e.g. to send a message

  • use client.send_message(message) to send a message

• state_handler - used to save states/information of the bot beta

  • use state_handler.set_state(state) to set a state (any object)
  • use state_handler.get_state() to retrieve the state set; returns a NoneType object if no state is set

Return values

None.

Example implementation

 def handle_message(self, message, client, state_handler):
    original_content = message['content']
    original_sender = message['sender_email']
    new_content = original_content.replace('@followup',
                                           'from %s:' % (original_sender,))

    client.send_message(dict(
        type='stream',
        to='followup',
        subject=message['sender_email'],
        content=new_content,
    ))

Configuration file

[api]
key=<api-key>
email=<email>
site=<dev-url>

• key - the API key you created for the bot; this is how Zulip knows the request is from an authorized user.

• email - the email address of the bot, e.g. some-bot@zulip.com

• site - your development environment URL; if you are working on a development environment hosted on your computer, use localhost:9991

Common problems

• I modified my bot's code, yet the changes don't seem to have an effect.

  • Ensure that you restarted the run.py script.

• My bot won't start

  • Ensure that your API config file is correct (download the config file from the server).
  • Ensure that you bot script is located in zulip/contrib_bots/bots//

• My bot works only on some streams.

  • Subscribe your bot to other streams, as described here.