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Zulip bot system

Zulip's features can be extended by the means of bots and integrations.

Integrations are used to connect Zulip with different chat, scheduling and workflow software. If this is what you are looking for, please check out the integrations guide.
Bots, as a more general concept, intercept and react to messages. If this is what you are looking for, read on!

The purpose of this documentation is to provide you with information about Zulip's bot system.

On this page you'll find:

A step-by-step tutorial on how to run a bot.
A step-by-step tutorial on how to develop a bot.
A documentation of the bot API.
Common problems when developing/running bots and their solutions.

Contributions to this guide are very welcome, so if you run into any issues following these instructions or come up with any tips or tools that help with writing bots, please visit #bots on the Zulip development community server, open an issue, or submit a pull request to share your ideas!

The bots system

Zulip's bot system resides in the api directory.

The structure of the bots ecosystem in the api directory looks like the following:

api
└───bots
    └───bot1
    └───bot2
        │
        └───readme.md
        └───bot2.py
        └───bot2.config
        └───libraries
        |   |
        |   └───lib1.py
        └───assets
           |
           └───pic.png
├── bots_api
│   ├── bot_lib.py
│   ├── bots_test_lib.py
│   ├── run.py
│   ├── test_bots
├── integrations

Each subdirectory in bots contains a bot. When developing bots, try to use the structure outlined above as an orientation.

How to run a bot

This guide will show you how to run a bot on a running Zulip server. It assumes you want to use one of the existing api/bots bots in your Zulip organization. If you want to write a new one, you just need to write the <my-bot>.py script and put it into /api/bots/<my-bot> directory.

You need:

An account in an organization on a Zulip server (e.g. chat.zulip.org or yourSubdomain.zulipchat.com, or your own development server). Within that Zulip organization, users will be able to interact with your bot.
A computer where you're running the bot from, with a clone of the Zulip repository, which contains the bot library code in its api/bots_api/<my-bot> subdirectory. This is required to run your bot. The following instructions assume this repository to be located in ~/zulip/.

Note: Please be considerate when testing experimental bots on public servers such as chat.zulip.org.

Register a new bot user on the Zulip server's web interface.
- Log in to the Zulip server.
- Navigate to Settings -> Your bots -> Add a new bot, fill out the form and click on Create bot.
- A new bot user should appear in the Your bots panel.
Download the bot's zuliprc configuration file to your computer.
- In the Your bots panel, click on the green icon to download its configuration file zuliprc (the structure of this file is explained here).
- Copy the file to a destination of your choice, e.g. to ~/.zuliprc or ~/zuliprc-test. Note that the destination should be accessible from your Zulip dev environment (e.g. Vagrant or Digital Ocean).
Subscribe the bot to the streams that the bot needs to interact with.
- To subscribe your bot to streams, navigate to Manage Streams. Select a stream and add your bot by its email address (the address you assigned in step 1).
- Now, the bot can do its job on the streams you subscribed it to.
- (In future versions of the API, this step may not be required).
Run the bot.
- In your Zulip repository, navigate to ~/zulip/api/bots_api/
- Run
```
python run.py ../bots/<my-bot>/<my-bot>.py --config-file ~/.zuliprc`
```
  (using the path to the .zuliprc file from step 2).
- Check the output of the command. It should start with the text the usage function returns, followed by logging output similar to this:
```
INFO:root:starting message handling...
INFO:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTP connection (1): localhost
```
- Congrats! Now, your bot should be ready to test on the streams you've subscribed it to.

Testing the helloworld bot

The helloworld bot is a simple bot that responds with a 'beep boop' when queried. It can be used as a template to build more complex bots.
Go to a stream your bot is subscribed to. Talk to the bot by typing @<your bot name> followed by some commands. If the bot is the helloworld bot, you should expect the bot to respond with "beep boop".

Zulip Bot Server

It is a simple python flask server which can be used to interact with bots through making use of outgoing webhook services. It makes it really convenient for users to run multiple bots. Traditionally, a person would be required to download zuliprc of each bot and run each of them separately. With Zulip Bot server, they would be able to download a single configuration file for all bots i.e. flaskbotrc and start the server which would enable interacting with all the bots.

It's location is api/zulip/bot_server.py.

How to run bots using the Flask server

Make sure that bot with whom you want to interact has been setup and is active (lets call it bot1).
Download the flaskbotrc from the your-bots settings page. It contains the configuration details for all the active outgoing webhook bots. It's structure is very similar to that of zuliprc.
Install the zulip PyPI package using pip, the command for the above:
```
pip install zulip
```
Run the Zulip Bot server by passing the flaskbotrc to it. The command format is:
```
zulip-bot-server  --config-file <path_to_flaskbotrc> --hostname <address> --port <port>
```
The user can provide the hostname and port to run the server on, or omit it and run it on the default address 127.0.0.1 and port 5002.
Now setup the outgoing webhook service which will interact with the server. For this create an outgoing webhook type bot (lets call this bot2) and create a service with base url of the form:
```
http://hostname:port/bots/<bot_name>
```
The bot name here refers to the name of the bot with whom you want to interact. It can be obtained by removing -bot@*.* from the bot email. Example: the bot name of bot with email followup-bot@zulip.com is followup. hostname and port can be either provided by user or can be the default ones.

On the development environment, an outgoing webhook bot and corresponding service already exists, with the email outgoing-webhook@zulip.com. This can be used for interacting with flask server bots.
Now with everything setup, you can start interacting with the bot (bot1 here) by triggering the outgoing webhook service, through @-mentioning or sending a private message to bot2. The content of the above message should be text you want to send to bot1.

Please note that in order to @-mention trigger a bot on a stream, the bot needs to be subscribed to it.

Followup bot example

First setup the followup bot by creating a new bot with username followup. Create a new followup stream and subscribe the bot to the stream where it will be triggered.
Download the flaskbotrc file.
If you haven't installed already, install the zulip package using pip through the command: pip install zulip
Run the Zulip Bot server with the following command: zulip-bot-server --config-file <path_to_flaskbotrc>

If you want to run the server on a specific hostname and port, use the following command: zulip-bot-server --config-file <path_to_flaskbotrc> --hostname <address> --port <port>
Create a new outgoing webhook bot and a corresponding service with base url of the form http://hostname:port/bots/followup.
Trigger the outgoing webhook bot using @-mentions or private message. You will see a message in the followup stream by the followup bot.

How to develop a bot

The tutorial below explains the structure of a bot <my-bot>.py, which is the only file you need to create to develop a new bot. You can use this as boilerplate code for developing your own bot.

Every bot is built upon this structure:

class MyBotHandler(object):
    '''
    A docstring documenting this bot.
    '''

    def usage(self):
        return '''Your description of the bot'''

    def handle_message(self, message, bot_handler, state_handler):
        # add your code here

handler_class = MyBotHandler

The class name (in this case MyBotHandler) can be defined by you and should match the name of your bot. To register your bot's class, adjust the last line handler_class = MyBotHandler to match your class name.
Every bot needs to implement the functions
- usage(self)
- handle_message(self, message, bot_handler)
These functions are documented in the next section.

Bot API

This section documents functions available to the bot and the structure of the bot's config file.

With this API, you can

intercept, view, and process messages sent by users on Zulip.
send out new messages as replies to the processed messages.

With this API, you cannot

modify an intercepted message (you have to send a new message).
send messages on behalf of or impersonate other users.
intercept private messages (except for PMs with the bot as an explicit recipient).

usage

usage(self)

is called to retrieve information about the bot.

Arguments

self - the instance the method is called on.

Return values

A string describing the bot's functionality

Example implementation

def usage(self):
    return '''
        This plugin will allow users to flag messages
        as being follow-up items.  Users should preface
        messages with "@followup".
        Before running this, make sure to create a stream
        called "followup" that your API user can send to.
        '''

handle_message

handle_message(self, message, bot_handler)

handles user message.

Arguments

self - the instance the method is called on.
message - a dictionary describing a Zulip message
bot_handler - used to interact with the server, e.g. to send a message
state_handler - used to save states/information of the bot beta
- use state_handler.set_state(state) to set a state (any object)
- use state_handler.get_state() to retrieve the state set; returns a NoneType object if no state is set

Return values

None.

Example implementation

 def handle_message(self, message, bot_handler, state_handler):
    original_content = message['content']
    original_sender = message['sender_email']
    new_content = original_content.replace('@followup',
                                           'from %s:' % (original_sender,))

    bot_handler.send_message(dict(
        type='stream',
        to='followup',
        subject=message['sender_email'],
        content=new_content,
    ))

bot_handler.send_message

bot_handler.send_message(message)

will send a message as the bot user. Generally, this is less convenient than send_reply, but it offers additional flexibility about where the message is sent to.

Arguments

message - a dictionary describing the message to be sent by the bot

Example implementation

bot_handler.send_message(dict(
    type='stream', # can be 'stream' or 'private'
    to=stream_name, # either the stream name or user's email
    subject=subject, # message subject
    content=message, # content of the sent message
))

bot_handler.send_reply

bot_handler.send_reply(message, response)

will reply to the triggering message to the same place the original message was sent to, with the content of the reply being response.

Arguments

message - Dictionary containing information on message to respond to (provided by handle_message).
response - Response message from the bot (string).

bot_handler.update_message

bot_handler.update_message(message)

will edit the content of a previously sent message.

Arguments

message - dictionary defining what message to edit and the new content

Example

From /zulip/api/bots/incrementor/incrementor.py:

bot_handler.update_message(dict(
    message_id=self.message_id, # id of message to be updated
    content=str(self.number), # string with which to update message with
))

Configuration file

[api]
key=<api-key>
email=<email>
site=<dev-url>

key - the API key you created for the bot; this is how Zulip knows the request is from an authorized user.
email - the email address of the bot, e.g. some-bot@zulip.com
site - your development environment URL; if you are working on a development environment hosted on your computer, use localhost:9991

Common problems

I modified my bot's code, yet the changes don't seem to have an effect.
- Ensure that you restarted the run.py script.
My bot won't start
- Ensure that your API config file is correct (download the config file from the server).
- Ensure that you bot script is located in zulip/api/bots//
- Are you using your own Zulip development server? Ensure that you run your bot outside the Vagrant environment.
- Some bots require Python 3. Try switching to a Python 3 environment before running your bot:
```
source /srv/zulip-py3-venv/bin/activate
```
My bot works only on some streams.
- Subscribe your bot to other streams, as described here.

Future direction

The long-term plan for this bot system is to allow the same BotHandler code to eventually be usable in several contexts:

Run directly using the Zulip call_on_each_message API, which is how the implementation above works. This is great for quick development with minimal setup.
Run in a simple Python webserver server, processing messages received from Zulip's outgoing webhooks integration.
For bots merged into the mainline Zulip codebase, enabled via a button in the Zulip web UI, with no code deployment effort required.

15 KiB Raw Blame History

Zulip bot system

The bots system

How to run a bot

Testing the helloworld bot

Zulip Bot Server

How to run bots using the Flask server

Followup bot example

How to develop a bot

Bot API

usage

Arguments

Return values

Example implementation

handle_message

Arguments

Return values

Example implementation

bot_handler.send_message

Arguments

Example implementation

bot_handler.send_reply

Arguments

bot_handler.update_message

Arguments

Example

Configuration file

Common problems

Future direction

15 KiB

Raw Blame History