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klipper-dgus/docs/BLTouch.md

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BL-Touch

Connecting BL-Touch

A warning before you start: Avoid touching the BL-Touch pin with your bare fingers, since it is quite sensitive to finger grease. And if you do touch it, be very gentle, in order to not bend or push anything.

Hook up the BL-Touch "servo" connector to a control_pin according to the BL-Touch documentation or your MCU documentation. Using the original wiring, the yellow wire from the triple is the control_pin and the white wire from the pair is the sensor_pin. You need to configure these pins according to your wiring. Most BL-Touch devices require a pullup on the sensor pin (prefix the pin name with "^"). For example:

[bltouch]
sensor_pin: ^P1.24
control_pin: P1.26

If the BL-Touch will be used to home the Z axis then set endstop_pin: probe:z_virtual_endstop and remove position_endstop in the [stepper_z] config section, then add a [safe_z_home] config section to raise the z axis, home the xy axes, move to the center of the bed, and home the z axis. For example:

[safe_z_home]
home_xy_position: 100, 100 # Change coordinates to the center of your print bed
speed: 50
z_hop: 10                 # Move up 10mm
z_hop_speed: 5

It's important that the z_hop movement in safe_z_home is high enough that the probe doesn't hit anything even if the probe pin happens to be in its lowest state.

Initial tests

Before moving on, verify that the BL-Touch is mounted at the correct height, the pin should be roughly 2 mm above the nozzle when retracted

When you turn on the printer, the BL-Touch probe should perform a self-test and move the pin up and down a couple of times. Once the self-test is completed, the pin should be retracted and the red LED on the probe should be lit. If there are any errors, for example the probe is flashing red or the pin is down instead of up, please turn off the printer and check the wiring and configuration.

If the above is looking good, it's time to test that the control pin is working correctly. First run BLTOUCH_DEBUG COMMAND=pin_down in your printer terminal. Verify that the pin moves down and that the red LED on the probe turns off. If not, check your wiring and configuration again. Next issue a BLTOUCH_DEBUG COMMAND=pin_up, verify that the pin moves up, and that the red light turns on again. If it's flashing then there's some problem.

The next step is to confirm that the sensor pin is working correctly. Run BLTOUCH_DEBUG COMMAND=pin_down, verify that the pin moves down, run BLTOUCH_DEBUG COMMAND=touch_mode, run QUERY_PROBE, and verify that command reports "probe: open". Then while gently pushing the pin up slightly with the nail of your finger run QUERY_PROBE again. Verify the command reports "probe: TRIGGERED". If either query does not report the correct message then it usually indicates an incorrect wiring or configuration (though some clones may require special handling). At the completion of this test run BLTOUCH_DEBUG COMMAND=pin_up and verify that the pin moves up.

After completing the BL-Touch control pin and sensor pin tests, it is now time to test probing, but with a twist. Instead of letting the probe pin touch the print bed, let it touch the nail on your finger. Position the toolhead far from the bed, issue a G28 (or PROBE if not using probe:z_virtual_endstop), wait until the toolhead starts to move down, and stop the movement by very gently touching the pin with your nail. You may have to do it twice, since the default homing configuration probes twice. Be prepared to turn off the printer if it doesn't stop when you touch the pin.

If that was successful, do another G28 (or PROBE) but this time let it touch the bed as it should.

BL-Touch gone bad

Once the BL-Touch is in inconsistent state, it starts blinking red. You can force it to leave that state by issuing:

BLTOUCH_DEBUG COMMAND=reset

This may happen if its calibration is interrupted by the probe being blocked from being extracted.

However, the BL-Touch may also not be able to calibrate itself anymore. This happens if the screw on its top is in the wrong position or the magnetic core inside the probe pin has moved. If it has moved up so that it sticks to the screw, it may not be able to lower its pin anymore. With this behavior you need to open the screw and use a ball-point pen to push it gently back into place. Re-Insert the pin into the BL-Touch so that it falls into the extracted position. Carefully readjust the headless screw into place. You need to find the right position so it is able to lower and raise the pin and the red light turns on and of. Use the reset, pin_up and pin_down commands to achieve this.

BL-Touch "clones"

Many BL-Touch "clone" devices work correctly with Klipper using the default configuration. However, some "clone" devices may not support the QUERY_PROBE command and some "clone" devices may require configuration of pin_up_reports_not_triggered or pin_up_touch_mode_reports_triggered.

Important! Do not configure pin_up_reports_not_triggered or pin_up_touch_mode_reports_triggered to False without first following these directions. Do not configure either of these to False on a genuine BL-Touch. Incorrectly setting these to False can increase probing time and can increase the risk of damaging the printer.

Some "clone" devices do not support touch_mode and as a result the QUERY_PROBE command does not work. Despite this, it may still be possible to perform probing and homing with these devices. On these devices the QUERY_PROBE command during the initial tests will not succeed, however the subsequent G28 (or PROBE) test does succeed. It may be possible to use these "clone" devices with Klipper if one does not utilize the QUERY_PROBE command and one does not enable the probe_with_touch_mode feature.

Some "clone" devices are unable to perform Klipper's internal sensor verification test. On these devices, attempts to home or probe can result in Klipper reporting a "BLTouch failed to verify sensor state" error. If this occurs, then manually run the steps to confirm the sensor pin is working as described in the initial tests section. If the QUERY_PROBE commands in that test always produce the expected results and "BLTouch failed to verify sensor state" errors still occur, then it may be necessary to set pin_up_touch_mode_reports_triggered to False in the Klipper config file.

A rare number of old "clone" devices are unable to report when they have successfully raised their probe. On these devices Klipper will report a "BLTouch failed to raise probe" error after every home or probe attempt. One can test for these devices - move the head far from the bed, run BLTOUCH_DEBUG COMMAND=pin_down, verify the pin has moved down, run QUERY_PROBE, verify that command reports "probe: open", run BLTOUCH_DEBUG COMMAND=pin_up, verify the pin has moved up, and run QUERY_PROBE. If the pin remains up, the device does not enter an error state, and the first query reports "probe: open" while the second query reports "probe: TRIGGERED" then it indicates that pin_up_reports_not_triggered should be set to False in the Klipper config file.

BL-Touch v3

Some BL-Touch v3.0 and BL-Touch 3.1 devices may require configuring probe_with_touch_mode in the printer config file.

If the BL-Touch v3.0 has its signal wire connected to an endstop pin (with a noise filtering capacitor), then the BL-Touch v3.0 may not be able to consistently send a signal during homing and probing. If the QUERY_PROBE commands in the initial tests section always produce the expected results, but the toolhead does not always stop during G28/PROBE commands, then it is indicative of this issue. A workaround is to set probe_with_touch_mode: True in the config file.

The BL-Touch v3.1 may incorrectly enter an error state after a successful probe attempt. The symptoms are an occasional flashing light on the BL-Touch v3.1 that lasts for a couple of seconds after it successfully contacts the bed. Klipper should clear this error automatically and it is generally harmless. However, one may set probe_with_touch_mode in the config file to avoid this issue.

Important! Some "clone" devices and the BL-Touch v2.0 (and earlier) may have reduced accuracy when probe_with_touch_mode is set to True. Setting this to True also increases the time it takes to deploy the probe. If configuring this value on a "clone" or older BL-Touch device, be sure to test the probe accuracy before and after setting this value (use the PROBE_ACCURACY command to test).

Multi-probing without stowing

By default, Klipper will deploy the probe at the start of each probe attempt and then stow the probe afterwards. This repetitive deploying and stowing of the probe may increase the total time of calibration sequences that involve many probe measurements. Klipper supports leaving the probe deployed between consecutive probes, which can reduce the total time of probing. This mode is enabled by configuring stow_on_each_sample to False in the config file.

Important! Setting stow_on_each_sample to False can lead to Klipper making horizontal toolhead movements while the probe is deployed. Be sure to verify all probing operations have sufficient Z clearance prior to setting this value to False. If there is insufficient clearance then a horizontal move may cause the pin to catch on an obstruction and result in damage to the printer.

Important! It is recommended to use probe_with_touch_mode configured to True when using stow_on_each_sample configured to False. Some "clone" devices may not detect a subsequent bed contact if probe_with_touch_mode is not set. On all devices, using the combination of these two settings simplifies the device signaling, which can improve overall stability.

Note, however, that some "clone" devices and the BL-Touch v2.0 (and earlier) may have reduced accuracy when probe_with_touch_mode is set to True. On these devices it is a good idea to test the probe accuracy before and after setting probe_with_touch_mode (use the PROBE_ACCURACY command to test).

Calibrating the BL-Touch offsets

Follow the directions in the Probe Calibrate guide to set the x_offset, y_offset, and z_offset config parameters.

It's a good idea to verify that the Z offset is close to 1mm. If not, then you probably want to move the probe up or down to fix this. You want it to trigger well before the nozzle hits the bed, so that possible stuck filament or a warped bed doesn't affect any probing action. But at the same time, you want the retracted position to be as far above the nozzle as possible to avoid it touching printed parts. If an adjustment is made to the probe position, then rerun the probe calibration steps.

BL-Touch output mode

  • A BL-Touch V3.0 supports setting a 5V or OPEN-DRAIN output mode, a BL-Touch V3.1 supports this too, but can also store this in its internal EEPROM. If your controller board needs the fixed 5V high logic level of the 5V mode you may set the 'set_output_mode' parameter in the [bltouch] section of the printer config file to "5V".

    *** Only use the 5V mode if your controller boards input line is 5V tolerant. This is why the default configuration of these BL-Touch versions is OPEN-DRAIN mode. You could potentially damage your controller boards CPU ***

    So therefore: If a controller board NEEDs 5V mode AND it is 5V tolerant on its input signal line AND if

    • you have a BL-Touch Smart V3.0, you need the use 'set_output_mode: 5V' parameter to ensure this setting at each startup, since the probe cannot remember the needed setting.
    • you have a BL-Touch Smart V3.1, you have the choice of using 'set_output_mode: 5V' or storing the mode once by use of a 'BLTOUCH_STORE MODE=5V' command manually and NOT using the parameter 'set_output_mode:'.
    • you have some other probe: Some probes have a trace on the circuit board to cut or a jumper to set in order to (permanently) set the output mode. In that case, omit the 'set_output_mode' parameter completely.

    If you have a V3.1, do not automate or repeat storing the output mode to avoid wearing out the EEPROM of the probe.The BLTouch EEPROM is good for about 100.000 updates. 100 stores per day would add up to about 3 years of operation prior to wearing it out. Thus, storing the output mode in a V3.1 is designed by the vendor to be a complicated operation (the factory default being a safe OPEN DRAIN mode) and is not suited to be repeatedly issued by any slicer, macro or anything else, it is preferably only to be used when first integrating the probe into a printers electronics.