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zulip/zerver/data_import/slack.py

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Python
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import datetime
import logging
import os
import posixpath
import random
import secrets
import shutil
import zipfile
from collections import defaultdict
from email.headerregistry import Address
from typing import Any, Dict, Iterator, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Type, TypeVar
from urllib.parse import urlsplit
import orjson
import requests
from django.conf import settings
from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
from zerver.data_import.import_util import (
ZerverFieldsT,
build_attachment,
build_avatar,
build_defaultstream,
build_huddle,
build_message,
build_realm,
build_recipient,
build_stream,
build_subscription,
build_usermessages,
build_zerver_realm,
create_converted_data_files,
long_term_idle_helper,
make_subscriber_map,
process_avatars,
process_emojis,
process_uploads,
)
from zerver.data_import.sequencer import NEXT_ID
from zerver.data_import.slack_message_conversion import (
convert_to_zulip_markdown,
get_user_full_name,
)
from zerver.lib.emoji import codepoint_to_name
from zerver.lib.export import MESSAGE_BATCH_CHUNK_SIZE
from zerver.lib.storage import static_path
from zerver.lib.upload.base import resize_logo, sanitize_name
from zerver.models import (
CustomProfileField,
CustomProfileFieldValue,
Reaction,
Realm,
RealmEmoji,
Recipient,
UserProfile,
)
SlackToZulipUserIDT: TypeAlias = Dict[str, int]
AddedChannelsT: TypeAlias = Dict[str, Tuple[str, int]]
AddedMPIMsT: TypeAlias = Dict[str, Tuple[str, int]]
DMMembersT: TypeAlias = Dict[str, Tuple[str, str]]
SlackToZulipRecipientT: TypeAlias = Dict[str, int]
# Generic type for SlackBotEmail class
SlackBotEmailT = TypeVar("SlackBotEmailT", bound="SlackBotEmail")
# We can look up unicode codepoints for Slack emoji using iamcal emoji
# data. https://emojipedia.org/slack/, documents Slack's emoji names
# are derived from https://github.com/iamcal/emoji-data; this seems
# likely to remain true since Cal is a Slack's cofounder.
emoji_data_file_path = static_path("generated/emoji/emoji-datasource-google-emoji.json")
with open(emoji_data_file_path, "rb") as emoji_data_file:
emoji_data = orjson.loads(emoji_data_file.read())
def get_emoji_code(emoji_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
# This function is identical with the function with the same name at
# tools/setup/emoji/emoji_setup_utils.py.
# This function is unlikely to be changed, unless iamcal changes their data
# structure.
emoji_code = emoji_dict.get("non_qualified") or emoji_dict["unified"]
return emoji_code.lower()
# Build the translation dict from Slack emoji name to codepoint.
slack_emoji_name_to_codepoint: Dict[str, str] = {}
for emoji_dict in emoji_data:
short_name = emoji_dict["short_name"]
emoji_code = get_emoji_code(emoji_dict)
slack_emoji_name_to_codepoint[short_name] = emoji_code
for sn in emoji_dict["short_names"]:
if sn != short_name:
slack_emoji_name_to_codepoint[sn] = emoji_code
class SlackBotEmail:
duplicate_email_count: Dict[str, int] = {}
# Mapping of `bot_id` to final email assigned to the bot.
assigned_email: Dict[str, str] = {}
@classmethod
def get_email(cls: Type[SlackBotEmailT], user_profile: ZerverFieldsT, domain_name: str) -> str:
slack_bot_id = user_profile["bot_id"]
if slack_bot_id in cls.assigned_email:
return cls.assigned_email[slack_bot_id]
if "real_name_normalized" in user_profile:
slack_bot_name = user_profile["real_name_normalized"]
elif "first_name" in user_profile:
slack_bot_name = user_profile["first_name"]
else:
raise AssertionError("Could not identify bot type")
email = Address(
username=slack_bot_name.replace("Bot", "").replace(" ", "").lower() + "-bot",
domain=domain_name,
).addr_spec
if email in cls.duplicate_email_count:
cls.duplicate_email_count[email] += 1
address = Address(addr_spec=email)
email_username = address.username + "-" + str(cls.duplicate_email_count[email])
email = Address(username=email_username, domain=address.domain).addr_spec
else:
cls.duplicate_email_count[email] = 1
cls.assigned_email[slack_bot_id] = email
return email
def rm_tree(path: str) -> None:
if os.path.exists(path):
shutil.rmtree(path)
def slack_workspace_to_realm(
domain_name: str,
realm_id: int,
user_list: List[ZerverFieldsT],
realm_subdomain: str,
slack_data_dir: str,
custom_emoji_list: ZerverFieldsT,
) -> Tuple[
ZerverFieldsT,
SlackToZulipUserIDT,
SlackToZulipRecipientT,
AddedChannelsT,
AddedMPIMsT,
DMMembersT,
List[ZerverFieldsT],
ZerverFieldsT,
]:
"""
Returns:
1. realm, converted realm data
2. slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id, which is a dictionary to map from Slack user id to Zulip user id
3. slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id, which is a dictionary to map from Slack recipient
name(channel names, mpim names, usernames, etc) to Zulip recipient id
4. added_channels, which is a dictionary to map from channel name to channel id, Zulip stream_id
5. added_mpims, which is a dictionary to map from MPIM name to MPIM id, Zulip huddle_id
6. dm_members, which is a dictionary to map from DM id to tuple of DM participants.
7. avatars, which is list to map avatars to Zulip avatar records.json
8. emoji_url_map, which is maps emoji name to its Slack URL
"""
NOW = float(timezone_now().timestamp())
zerver_realm: List[ZerverFieldsT] = build_zerver_realm(realm_id, realm_subdomain, NOW, "Slack")
realm = build_realm(zerver_realm, realm_id, domain_name)
(
zerver_userprofile,
avatars,
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id,
zerver_customprofilefield,
zerver_customprofilefield_value,
) = users_to_zerver_userprofile(slack_data_dir, user_list, realm_id, int(NOW), domain_name)
(
realm,
added_channels,
added_mpims,
dm_members,
slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id,
) = channels_to_zerver_stream(
slack_data_dir, realm_id, realm, slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id, zerver_userprofile
)
zerver_realmemoji, emoji_url_map = build_realmemoji(custom_emoji_list, realm_id)
realm["zerver_realmemoji"] = zerver_realmemoji
# See https://zulip.com/help/set-default-streams-for-new-users
# for documentation on zerver_defaultstream
realm["zerver_userprofile"] = zerver_userprofile
realm["zerver_customprofilefield"] = zerver_customprofilefield
realm["zerver_customprofilefieldvalue"] = zerver_customprofilefield_value
return (
realm,
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id,
slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id,
added_channels,
added_mpims,
dm_members,
avatars,
emoji_url_map,
)
def build_realmemoji(
custom_emoji_list: ZerverFieldsT, realm_id: int
) -> Tuple[List[ZerverFieldsT], ZerverFieldsT]:
zerver_realmemoji = []
emoji_url_map = {}
emoji_id = 0
for emoji_name, url in custom_emoji_list.items():
split_url = urlsplit(url)
if split_url.hostname == "emoji.slack-edge.com":
# Some of the emojis we get from the API have invalid links
# this is to prevent errors related to them
realmemoji = RealmEmoji(
name=emoji_name,
id=emoji_id,
file_name=posixpath.basename(split_url.path),
deactivated=False,
)
realmemoji_dict = model_to_dict(realmemoji, exclude=["realm", "author"])
realmemoji_dict["author"] = None
realmemoji_dict["realm"] = realm_id
emoji_url_map[emoji_name] = url
zerver_realmemoji.append(realmemoji_dict)
emoji_id += 1
return zerver_realmemoji, emoji_url_map
def users_to_zerver_userprofile(
slack_data_dir: str, users: List[ZerverFieldsT], realm_id: int, timestamp: Any, domain_name: str
) -> Tuple[
List[ZerverFieldsT],
List[ZerverFieldsT],
SlackToZulipUserIDT,
List[ZerverFieldsT],
List[ZerverFieldsT],
]:
"""
Returns:
1. zerver_userprofile, which is a list of user profile
2. avatar_list, which is list to map avatars to Zulip avatar records.json
3. slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id, which is a dictionary to map from Slack user ID to Zulip
user id
4. zerver_customprofilefield, which is a list of all custom profile fields
5. zerver_customprofilefield_values, which is a list of user profile fields
"""
logging.info("######### IMPORTING USERS STARTED #########\n")
zerver_userprofile = []
zerver_customprofilefield: List[ZerverFieldsT] = []
zerver_customprofilefield_values: List[ZerverFieldsT] = []
avatar_list: List[ZerverFieldsT] = []
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id = {}
# The user data we get from the Slack API does not contain custom profile data
# Hence we get it from the Slack zip file
slack_data_file_user_list = get_data_file(slack_data_dir + "/users.json")
slack_user_id_to_custom_profile_fields: ZerverFieldsT = {}
slack_custom_field_name_to_zulip_custom_field_id: ZerverFieldsT = {}
for user in slack_data_file_user_list:
process_slack_custom_fields(user, slack_user_id_to_custom_profile_fields)
# We have only one primary owner in Slack, see link
# https://get.slack.help/hc/en-us/articles/201912948-Owners-and-Administrators
# This is to import the primary owner first from all the users
user_id_count = custom_profile_field_value_id_count = custom_profile_field_id_count = 0
primary_owner_id = user_id_count
user_id_count += 1
for user in users:
slack_user_id = user["id"]
if user.get("is_primary_owner", False):
user_id = primary_owner_id
else:
user_id = user_id_count
email = get_user_email(user, domain_name)
# ref: https://zulip.com/help/change-your-profile-picture
avatar_url = build_avatar_url(
slack_user_id, user["team_id"], user["profile"]["avatar_hash"]
)
build_avatar(user_id, realm_id, email, avatar_url, timestamp, avatar_list)
role = UserProfile.ROLE_MEMBER
if get_owner(user):
role = UserProfile.ROLE_REALM_OWNER
elif get_admin(user):
role = UserProfile.ROLE_REALM_ADMINISTRATOR
if get_guest(user):
role = UserProfile.ROLE_GUEST
timezone = get_user_timezone(user)
if slack_user_id in slack_user_id_to_custom_profile_fields:
(
slack_custom_field_name_to_zulip_custom_field_id,
custom_profile_field_id_count,
) = build_customprofile_field(
zerver_customprofilefield,
slack_user_id_to_custom_profile_fields[slack_user_id],
custom_profile_field_id_count,
realm_id,
slack_custom_field_name_to_zulip_custom_field_id,
)
custom_profile_field_value_id_count = build_customprofilefields_values(
slack_custom_field_name_to_zulip_custom_field_id,
slack_user_id_to_custom_profile_fields[slack_user_id],
user_id,
custom_profile_field_value_id_count,
zerver_customprofilefield_values,
)
userprofile = UserProfile(
full_name=get_user_full_name(user),
is_active=not user.get("deleted", False) and not user["is_mirror_dummy"],
is_mirror_dummy=user["is_mirror_dummy"],
id=user_id,
email=email,
delivery_email=email,
avatar_source="U",
is_bot=user.get("is_bot", False),
role=role,
bot_type=1 if user.get("is_bot", False) else None,
date_joined=timestamp,
timezone=timezone,
last_login=timestamp,
)
userprofile_dict = model_to_dict(userprofile)
# Set realm id separately as the corresponding realm is not yet a Realm model instance
userprofile_dict["realm"] = realm_id
zerver_userprofile.append(userprofile_dict)
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id[slack_user_id] = user_id
if not user.get("is_primary_owner", False):
user_id_count += 1
logging.info("%s -> %s", user["name"], userprofile_dict["email"])
process_customprofilefields(zerver_customprofilefield, zerver_customprofilefield_values)
logging.info("######### IMPORTING USERS FINISHED #########\n")
return (
zerver_userprofile,
avatar_list,
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id,
zerver_customprofilefield,
zerver_customprofilefield_values,
)
def build_customprofile_field(
customprofile_field: List[ZerverFieldsT],
fields: ZerverFieldsT,
custom_profile_field_id: int,
realm_id: int,
slack_custom_field_name_to_zulip_custom_field_id: ZerverFieldsT,
) -> Tuple[ZerverFieldsT, int]:
# The name of the custom profile field is not provided in the Slack data
# Hash keys of the fields are provided
# Reference: https://api.slack.com/methods/users.profile.set
for field in fields:
if field not in slack_custom_field_name_to_zulip_custom_field_id:
slack_custom_fields = ["phone", "skype"]
if field in slack_custom_fields:
field_name = field
else:
field_name = f"Slack custom field {custom_profile_field_id + 1}"
customprofilefield = CustomProfileField(
id=custom_profile_field_id,
name=field_name,
field_type=1, # For now this is defaulted to 'SHORT_TEXT'
# Processing is done in the function 'process_customprofilefields'
)
customprofilefield_dict = model_to_dict(customprofilefield, exclude=["realm"])
customprofilefield_dict["realm"] = realm_id
slack_custom_field_name_to_zulip_custom_field_id[field] = custom_profile_field_id
custom_profile_field_id += 1
customprofile_field.append(customprofilefield_dict)
return slack_custom_field_name_to_zulip_custom_field_id, custom_profile_field_id
def process_slack_custom_fields(
user: ZerverFieldsT, slack_user_id_to_custom_profile_fields: ZerverFieldsT
) -> None:
slack_user_id_to_custom_profile_fields[user["id"]] = {}
if user["profile"].get("fields"):
slack_user_id_to_custom_profile_fields[user["id"]] = user["profile"]["fields"]
slack_custom_fields = ["phone", "skype"]
for field in slack_custom_fields:
if field in user["profile"]:
slack_user_id_to_custom_profile_fields[user["id"]][field] = {
"value": user["profile"][field]
}
def build_customprofilefields_values(
slack_custom_field_name_to_zulip_custom_field_id: ZerverFieldsT,
fields: ZerverFieldsT,
user_id: int,
custom_field_id: int,
custom_field_values: List[ZerverFieldsT],
) -> int:
for field, value in fields.items():
if value["value"] == "":
continue
custom_field_value = CustomProfileFieldValue(id=custom_field_id, value=value["value"])
custom_field_value_dict = model_to_dict(
custom_field_value, exclude=["user_profile", "field"]
)
custom_field_value_dict["user_profile"] = user_id
custom_field_value_dict["field"] = slack_custom_field_name_to_zulip_custom_field_id[field]
custom_field_values.append(custom_field_value_dict)
custom_field_id += 1
return custom_field_id
def process_customprofilefields(
customprofilefield: List[ZerverFieldsT], customprofilefield_value: List[ZerverFieldsT]
) -> None:
for field in customprofilefield:
for field_value in customprofilefield_value:
if field_value["field"] == field["id"] and len(field_value["value"]) > 50:
field["field_type"] = 2 # corresponding to Long text
break
def get_user_email(user: ZerverFieldsT, domain_name: str) -> str:
if "email" in user["profile"]:
return user["profile"]["email"]
if user["is_mirror_dummy"]:
return Address(username=user["name"], domain=f'{user["team_domain"]}.slack.com').addr_spec
if "bot_id" in user["profile"]:
return SlackBotEmail.get_email(user["profile"], domain_name)
if get_user_full_name(user).lower() == "slackbot":
return Address(username="imported-slackbot-bot", domain=domain_name).addr_spec
raise AssertionError(f"Could not find email address for Slack user {user}")
def build_avatar_url(slack_user_id: str, team_id: str, avatar_hash: str) -> str:
avatar_url = f"https://ca.slack-edge.com/{team_id}-{slack_user_id}-{avatar_hash}"
return avatar_url
def get_owner(user: ZerverFieldsT) -> bool:
owner = user.get("is_owner", False)
primary_owner = user.get("is_primary_owner", False)
return primary_owner or owner
def get_admin(user: ZerverFieldsT) -> bool:
admin = user.get("is_admin", False)
return admin
def get_guest(user: ZerverFieldsT) -> bool:
restricted_user = user.get("is_restricted", False)
ultra_restricted_user = user.get("is_ultra_restricted", False)
# Slack's Single channel and multi channel guests both have
# is_restricted set to True. So assuming Slack doesn't change their
# data model, it would also be correct to just check whether
# is_restricted is set to True.
return restricted_user or ultra_restricted_user
def get_user_timezone(user: ZerverFieldsT) -> str:
_default_timezone = "America/New_York"
timezone = user.get("tz", _default_timezone)
if timezone is None or "/" not in timezone:
timezone = _default_timezone
return timezone
def channels_to_zerver_stream(
slack_data_dir: str,
realm_id: int,
realm: Dict[str, Any],
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id: SlackToZulipUserIDT,
zerver_userprofile: List[ZerverFieldsT],
) -> Tuple[
Dict[str, List[ZerverFieldsT]], AddedChannelsT, AddedMPIMsT, DMMembersT, SlackToZulipRecipientT
]:
"""
Returns:
1. realm, converted realm data
2. added_channels, which is a dictionary to map from channel name to channel id, Zulip stream_id
3. added_mpims, which is a dictionary to map from MPIM(multiparty IM) name to MPIM id, Zulip huddle_id
4. dm_members, which is a dictionary to map from DM id to tuple of DM participants.
5. slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id, which is a dictionary to map from Slack recipient
name(channel names, mpim names, usernames etc) to Zulip recipient_id
"""
logging.info("######### IMPORTING CHANNELS STARTED #########\n")
added_channels = {}
added_mpims = {}
dm_members = {}
slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id = {}
realm["zerver_stream"] = []
realm["zerver_huddle"] = []
realm["zerver_subscription"] = []
realm["zerver_recipient"] = []
realm["zerver_defaultstream"] = []
subscription_id_count = recipient_id_count = 0
stream_id_count = defaultstream_id = 0
huddle_id_count = 0
def process_channels(channels: List[Dict[str, Any]], invite_only: bool = False) -> None:
nonlocal stream_id_count
nonlocal recipient_id_count
nonlocal defaultstream_id
nonlocal subscription_id_count
for channel in channels:
# map Slack's topic and purpose content into Zulip's stream description.
# WARN This mapping is lossy since the topic.creator, topic.last_set,
# purpose.creator, purpose.last_set fields are not preserved.
description = channel["purpose"]["value"]
stream_id = stream_id_count
recipient_id = recipient_id_count
stream = build_stream(
float(channel["created"]),
realm_id,
channel["name"],
description,
stream_id,
channel["is_archived"],
invite_only,
)
realm["zerver_stream"].append(stream)
slack_default_channels = ["general", "random"]
if channel["name"] in slack_default_channels and not stream["deactivated"]:
defaultstream = build_defaultstream(realm_id, stream_id, defaultstream_id)
realm["zerver_defaultstream"].append(defaultstream)
defaultstream_id += 1
added_channels[stream["name"]] = (channel["id"], stream_id)
recipient = build_recipient(stream_id, recipient_id, Recipient.STREAM)
realm["zerver_recipient"].append(recipient)
slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id[stream["name"]] = recipient_id
subscription_id_count = get_subscription(
channel["members"],
realm["zerver_subscription"],
recipient_id,
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id,
subscription_id_count,
)
stream_id_count += 1
recipient_id_count += 1
logging.info("%s -> created", channel["name"])
# TODO map Slack's pins to Zulip's stars
# There is the security model that Slack's pins are known to the team owner
# as evident from where it is stored at (channels)
# "pins": [
# {
# "id": "1444755381.000003",
# "type": "C",
# "user": "U061A5N1G",
# "owner": "U061A5N1G",
# "created": "1444755463"
# }
# ],
public_channels = get_data_file(slack_data_dir + "/channels.json")
process_channels(public_channels)
try:
private_channels = get_data_file(slack_data_dir + "/groups.json")
except FileNotFoundError:
private_channels = []
process_channels(private_channels, True)
# mpim is the Slack equivalent of huddle.
def process_mpims(mpims: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> None:
nonlocal huddle_id_count
nonlocal recipient_id_count
nonlocal subscription_id_count
for mpim in mpims:
huddle = build_huddle(huddle_id_count)
realm["zerver_huddle"].append(huddle)
added_mpims[mpim["name"]] = (mpim["id"], huddle_id_count)
recipient = build_recipient(huddle_id_count, recipient_id_count, Recipient.HUDDLE)
realm["zerver_recipient"].append(recipient)
slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id[mpim["name"]] = recipient_id_count
subscription_id_count = get_subscription(
mpim["members"],
realm["zerver_subscription"],
recipient_id_count,
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id,
subscription_id_count,
)
huddle_id_count += 1
recipient_id_count += 1
logging.info("%s -> created", mpim["name"])
try:
mpims = get_data_file(slack_data_dir + "/mpims.json")
except FileNotFoundError:
mpims = []
process_mpims(mpims)
for slack_user_id, zulip_user_id in slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id.items():
recipient = build_recipient(zulip_user_id, recipient_id_count, Recipient.PERSONAL)
slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id[slack_user_id] = recipient_id_count
sub = build_subscription(recipient_id_count, zulip_user_id, subscription_id_count)
realm["zerver_recipient"].append(recipient)
realm["zerver_subscription"].append(sub)
recipient_id_count += 1
subscription_id_count += 1
def process_dms(dms: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> None:
for dm in dms:
user_a = dm["members"][0]
user_b = dm["members"][1]
dm_members[dm["id"]] = (user_a, user_b)
try:
dms = get_data_file(slack_data_dir + "/dms.json")
except FileNotFoundError:
dms = []
process_dms(dms)
logging.info("######### IMPORTING STREAMS FINISHED #########\n")
return (
realm,
added_channels,
added_mpims,
dm_members,
slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id,
)
def get_subscription(
channel_members: List[str],
zerver_subscription: List[ZerverFieldsT],
recipient_id: int,
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id: SlackToZulipUserIDT,
subscription_id: int,
) -> int:
for slack_user_id in channel_members:
sub = build_subscription(
recipient_id, slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id[slack_user_id], subscription_id
)
zerver_subscription.append(sub)
subscription_id += 1
return subscription_id
def process_long_term_idle_users(
slack_data_dir: str,
users: List[ZerverFieldsT],
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id: SlackToZulipUserIDT,
added_channels: AddedChannelsT,
added_mpims: AddedMPIMsT,
dm_members: DMMembersT,
zerver_userprofile: List[ZerverFieldsT],
) -> Set[int]:
return long_term_idle_helper(
get_messages_iterator(slack_data_dir, added_channels, added_mpims, dm_members),
get_message_sending_user,
get_timestamp_from_message,
lambda id: slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id[id],
iter(user["id"] for user in users),
zerver_userprofile,
)
def convert_slack_workspace_messages(
slack_data_dir: str,
users: List[ZerverFieldsT],
realm_id: int,
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id: SlackToZulipUserIDT,
slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id: SlackToZulipRecipientT,
added_channels: AddedChannelsT,
added_mpims: AddedMPIMsT,
dm_members: DMMembersT,
realm: ZerverFieldsT,
zerver_userprofile: List[ZerverFieldsT],
zerver_realmemoji: List[ZerverFieldsT],
domain_name: str,
output_dir: str,
convert_slack_threads: bool,
chunk_size: int = MESSAGE_BATCH_CHUNK_SIZE,
) -> Tuple[List[ZerverFieldsT], List[ZerverFieldsT], List[ZerverFieldsT]]:
"""
Returns:
1. reactions, which is a list of the reactions
2. uploads, which is a list of uploads to be mapped in uploads records.json
3. attachment, which is a list of the attachments
"""
long_term_idle = process_long_term_idle_users(
slack_data_dir,
users,
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id,
added_channels,
added_mpims,
dm_members,
zerver_userprofile,
)
all_messages = get_messages_iterator(slack_data_dir, added_channels, added_mpims, dm_members)
logging.info("######### IMPORTING MESSAGES STARTED #########\n")
total_reactions: List[ZerverFieldsT] = []
total_attachments: List[ZerverFieldsT] = []
total_uploads: List[ZerverFieldsT] = []
dump_file_id = 1
subscriber_map = make_subscriber_map(
zerver_subscription=realm["zerver_subscription"],
)
while True:
message_data = []
_counter = 0
for msg in all_messages:
_counter += 1
message_data.append(msg)
if _counter == chunk_size:
break
if len(message_data) == 0:
break
(
zerver_message,
zerver_usermessage,
attachment,
uploads,
reactions,
) = channel_message_to_zerver_message(
realm_id,
users,
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id,
slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id,
message_data,
zerver_realmemoji,
subscriber_map,
added_channels,
dm_members,
domain_name,
long_term_idle,
convert_slack_threads,
)
message_json = dict(zerver_message=zerver_message, zerver_usermessage=zerver_usermessage)
message_file = f"/messages-{dump_file_id:06}.json"
logging.info("Writing messages to %s\n", output_dir + message_file)
create_converted_data_files(message_json, output_dir, message_file)
total_reactions += reactions
total_attachments += attachment
total_uploads += uploads
dump_file_id += 1
logging.info("######### IMPORTING MESSAGES FINISHED #########\n")
return total_reactions, total_uploads, total_attachments
def get_messages_iterator(
slack_data_dir: str,
added_channels: Dict[str, Any],
added_mpims: AddedMPIMsT,
dm_members: DMMembersT,
) -> Iterator[ZerverFieldsT]:
"""This function is an iterator that returns all the messages across
all Slack channels, in order by timestamp. It's important to
not read all the messages into memory at once, because for
large imports that can OOM kill."""
dir_names = list(added_channels.keys()) + list(added_mpims.keys()) + list(dm_members.keys())
all_json_names: Dict[str, List[str]] = defaultdict(list)
for dir_name in dir_names:
dir_path = os.path.join(slack_data_dir, dir_name)
json_names = os.listdir(dir_path)
for json_name in json_names:
if json_name.endswith(".json"):
all_json_names[json_name].append(dir_path)
# Sort json_name by date
for json_name in sorted(all_json_names.keys()):
messages_for_one_day: List[ZerverFieldsT] = []
for dir_path in all_json_names[json_name]:
message_dir = os.path.join(dir_path, json_name)
dir_name = os.path.basename(dir_path)
messages = []
for message in get_data_file(message_dir):
if message.get("user") == "U00":
# Skip messages involving the the "U00" user,
# which is apparently used in some channel rename
# messages. It's likely just the result of some
# bug in Slack's export system. Arguably we could
# change this to point to slackbot instead, but
# skipping those messages is simpler.
continue
if dir_name in added_channels:
message["channel_name"] = dir_name
elif dir_name in added_mpims:
message["mpim_name"] = dir_name
elif dir_name in dm_members:
message["pm_name"] = dir_name
messages.append(message)
messages_for_one_day += messages
# we sort the messages according to the timestamp to show messages with
# the proper date order
yield from sorted(messages_for_one_day, key=get_timestamp_from_message)
def channel_message_to_zerver_message(
realm_id: int,
users: List[ZerverFieldsT],
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id: SlackToZulipUserIDT,
slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id: SlackToZulipRecipientT,
all_messages: List[ZerverFieldsT],
zerver_realmemoji: List[ZerverFieldsT],
subscriber_map: Dict[int, Set[int]],
added_channels: AddedChannelsT,
dm_members: DMMembersT,
domain_name: str,
long_term_idle: Set[int],
convert_slack_threads: bool,
) -> Tuple[
List[ZerverFieldsT],
List[ZerverFieldsT],
List[ZerverFieldsT],
List[ZerverFieldsT],
List[ZerverFieldsT],
]:
"""
Returns:
1. zerver_message, which is a list of the messages
2. zerver_usermessage, which is a list of the usermessages
3. zerver_attachment, which is a list of the attachments
4. uploads_list, which is a list of uploads to be mapped in uploads records.json
5. reaction_list, which is a list of all user reactions
"""
zerver_message = []
zerver_usermessage: List[ZerverFieldsT] = []
uploads_list: List[ZerverFieldsT] = []
zerver_attachment: List[ZerverFieldsT] = []
reaction_list: List[ZerverFieldsT] = []
total_user_messages = 0
total_skipped_user_messages = 0
thread_counter: Dict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
thread_map: Dict[str, str] = {}
for message in all_messages:
slack_user_id = get_message_sending_user(message)
if not slack_user_id:
# Ignore messages without slack_user_id
# These are Sometimes produced by Slack
continue
subtype = message.get("subtype", False)
if subtype in [
# Zulip doesn't have a pinned_item concept
"pinned_item",
"unpinned_item",
# Slack's channel join/leave notices are spammy
"channel_join",
"channel_leave",
"channel_name",
]:
continue
try:
content, mentioned_user_ids, has_link = convert_to_zulip_markdown(
message["text"], users, added_channels, slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id
)
except Exception:
print("Slack message unexpectedly missing text representation:")
print(orjson.dumps(message, option=orjson.OPT_INDENT_2).decode())
continue
rendered_content = None
if "channel_name" in message:
is_private = False
recipient_id = slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id[message["channel_name"]]
elif "mpim_name" in message:
is_private = True
recipient_id = slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id[message["mpim_name"]]
elif "pm_name" in message:
is_private = True
sender = get_message_sending_user(message)
members = dm_members[message["pm_name"]]
if sender == members[0]:
recipient_id = slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id[members[1]]
sender_recipient_id = slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id[members[0]]
else:
recipient_id = slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id[members[0]]
sender_recipient_id = slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id[members[1]]
message_id = NEXT_ID("message")
if "reactions" in message:
build_reactions(
reaction_list,
message["reactions"],
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id,
message_id,
zerver_realmemoji,
)
# Process different subtypes of slack messages
# Subtypes which have only the action in the message should
# be rendered with '/me' in the content initially
# For example "sh_room_created" has the message 'started a call'
# which should be displayed as '/me started a call'
if subtype in ["bot_add", "sh_room_created", "me_message"]:
content = f"/me {content}"
if subtype == "file_comment":
# The file_comment message type only indicates the
# responsible user in a subfield.
message["user"] = message["comment"]["user"]
file_info = process_message_files(
message=message,
domain_name=domain_name,
realm_id=realm_id,
message_id=message_id,
slack_user_id=slack_user_id,
users=users,
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id=slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id,
zerver_attachment=zerver_attachment,
uploads_list=uploads_list,
)
content += file_info["content"]
has_link = has_link or file_info["has_link"]
has_attachment = file_info["has_attachment"]
has_image = file_info["has_image"]
# Slack's unthreaded messages go into a single topic, while
# threads each generate a unique topic labeled by the date and
# a counter among topics on that day.
topic_name = "imported from Slack"
if convert_slack_threads and "thread_ts" in message:
thread_ts = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
float(message["thread_ts"]), tz=datetime.timezone.utc
)
thread_ts_str = thread_ts.strftime(r"%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")
# The topic name is "2015-08-18 Slack thread 2", where the counter at the end is to disambiguate
# threads with the same date.
if thread_ts_str in thread_map:
topic_name = thread_map[thread_ts_str]
else:
thread_date = thread_ts.strftime(r"%Y-%m-%d")
thread_counter[thread_date] += 1
count = thread_counter[thread_date]
topic_name = f"{thread_date} Slack thread {count}"
thread_map[thread_ts_str] = topic_name
zulip_message = build_message(
topic_name=topic_name,
date_sent=get_timestamp_from_message(message),
message_id=message_id,
content=content,
rendered_content=rendered_content,
user_id=slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id[slack_user_id],
recipient_id=recipient_id,
realm_id=realm_id,
has_image=has_image,
has_link=has_link,
has_attachment=has_attachment,
)
zerver_message.append(zulip_message)
(num_created, num_skipped) = build_usermessages(
zerver_usermessage=zerver_usermessage,
subscriber_map=subscriber_map,
recipient_id=recipient_id,
mentioned_user_ids=mentioned_user_ids,
message_id=message_id,
is_private=is_private,
long_term_idle=long_term_idle,
)
total_user_messages += num_created
total_skipped_user_messages += num_skipped
if "pm_name" in message and recipient_id != sender_recipient_id:
(num_created, num_skipped) = build_usermessages(
zerver_usermessage=zerver_usermessage,
subscriber_map=subscriber_map,
recipient_id=sender_recipient_id,
mentioned_user_ids=mentioned_user_ids,
message_id=message_id,
is_private=is_private,
long_term_idle=long_term_idle,
)
total_user_messages += num_created
total_skipped_user_messages += num_skipped
logging.debug(
"Created %s UserMessages; deferred %s due to long-term idle",
total_user_messages,
total_skipped_user_messages,
)
return zerver_message, zerver_usermessage, zerver_attachment, uploads_list, reaction_list
def process_message_files(
message: ZerverFieldsT,
domain_name: str,
realm_id: int,
message_id: int,
slack_user_id: str,
users: List[ZerverFieldsT],
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id: SlackToZulipUserIDT,
zerver_attachment: List[ZerverFieldsT],
uploads_list: List[ZerverFieldsT],
) -> Dict[str, Any]:
has_attachment = False
has_image = False
has_link = False
files = message.get("files", [])
subtype = message.get("subtype")
if subtype == "file_share":
# In Slack messages, uploads can either have the subtype as 'file_share' or
# have the upload information in 'files' keyword
files = [message["file"]]
markdown_links = []
for fileinfo in files:
if fileinfo.get("mode", "") in ["tombstone", "hidden_by_limit"]:
# Slack sometimes includes tombstone mode files with no
# real data on the actual file (presumably in cases where
# the file was deleted). hidden_by_limit mode is for files
# that are hidden because of 10k cap in free plan.
continue
if fileinfo.get("file_access", "") in ["access_denied", "file_not_found"]:
# Slack sometimes includes file stubs for files it declares
# inaccessible and does not further reference.
continue
url = fileinfo["url_private"]
split_url = urlsplit(url)
if split_url.hostname == "files.slack.com":
# For attachments with Slack download link
has_attachment = True
has_link = True
has_image = "image" in fileinfo["mimetype"]
file_user = [
iterate_user for iterate_user in users if message["user"] == iterate_user["id"]
]
file_user_email = get_user_email(file_user[0], domain_name)
s3_path, content_for_link = get_attachment_path_and_content(fileinfo, realm_id)
markdown_links.append(content_for_link)
build_uploads(
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id[slack_user_id],
realm_id,
file_user_email,
fileinfo,
s3_path,
uploads_list,
)
build_attachment(
realm_id,
{message_id},
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id[slack_user_id],
fileinfo,
s3_path,
zerver_attachment,
)
else:
# For attachments with link not from Slack
# Example: Google drive integration
has_link = True
if "title" in fileinfo:
file_name = fileinfo["title"]
else:
file_name = fileinfo["name"]
markdown_links.append("[{}]({})".format(file_name, fileinfo["url_private"]))
content = "\n".join(markdown_links)
return dict(
content=content,
has_attachment=has_attachment,
has_image=has_image,
has_link=has_link,
)
def get_attachment_path_and_content(fileinfo: ZerverFieldsT, realm_id: int) -> Tuple[str, str]:
# Should be kept in sync with its equivalent in zerver/lib/uploads in the function
# 'upload_message_attachment'
s3_path = "/".join(
[
str(realm_id),
format(random.randint(0, 255), "x"),
secrets.token_urlsafe(18),
sanitize_name(fileinfo["name"]),
]
)
attachment_path = f"/user_uploads/{s3_path}"
content = "[{}]({})".format(fileinfo["title"], attachment_path)
return s3_path, content
def build_reactions(
reaction_list: List[ZerverFieldsT],
reactions: List[ZerverFieldsT],
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id: SlackToZulipUserIDT,
message_id: int,
zerver_realmemoji: List[ZerverFieldsT],
) -> None:
realmemoji = {}
for realm_emoji in zerver_realmemoji:
realmemoji[realm_emoji["name"]] = realm_emoji["id"]
# Slack's data exports use encode skin tone variants on emoji
# reactions like this: `clap::skin-tone-2`. For now, we only
# use the name of the base emoji, since Zulip's emoji
# reactions system doesn't yet support skin tone modifiers.
# We need to merge and dedup reactions, as someone may have
# reacted to `clap::skin-tone-1` and `clap::skin-tone-2`, etc.
merged_reactions = defaultdict(set)
for slack_reaction in reactions:
emoji_name = slack_reaction["name"].split("::", maxsplit=1)[0]
merged_reactions[emoji_name].update(slack_reaction["users"])
reactions = [{"name": k, "users": v, "count": len(v)} for k, v in merged_reactions.items()]
# For the Unicode emoji codes, we use equivalent of
# function 'get_emoji_data' in 'zerver/lib/emoji' here
for slack_reaction in reactions:
emoji_name = slack_reaction["name"]
if emoji_name in slack_emoji_name_to_codepoint:
emoji_code = slack_emoji_name_to_codepoint[emoji_name]
try:
zulip_emoji_name = codepoint_to_name[emoji_code]
except KeyError:
print(f"WARN: Emoji found in iamcal but not Zulip: {emoji_name}")
continue
# Convert Slack emoji name to Zulip emoji name.
emoji_name = zulip_emoji_name
reaction_type = Reaction.UNICODE_EMOJI
elif emoji_name in realmemoji:
emoji_code = realmemoji[emoji_name]
reaction_type = Reaction.REALM_EMOJI
else:
print(f"WARN: Emoji not found in iamcal: {emoji_name}")
continue
for slack_user_id in slack_reaction["users"]:
if slack_user_id not in slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id:
# Deleted users still have reaction references but no profile, so we skip
continue
reaction_id = NEXT_ID("reaction")
reaction = Reaction(
id=reaction_id,
emoji_code=emoji_code,
emoji_name=emoji_name,
reaction_type=reaction_type,
)
reaction_dict = model_to_dict(reaction, exclude=["message", "user_profile"])
reaction_dict["message"] = message_id
reaction_dict["user_profile"] = slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id[slack_user_id]
reaction_list.append(reaction_dict)
def build_uploads(
user_id: int,
realm_id: int,
email: str,
fileinfo: ZerverFieldsT,
s3_path: str,
uploads_list: List[ZerverFieldsT],
) -> None:
upload = dict(
path=fileinfo["url_private"], # Save Slack's URL here, which is used later while processing
realm_id=realm_id,
content_type=None,
user_profile_id=user_id,
last_modified=fileinfo["timestamp"],
user_profile_email=email,
s3_path=s3_path,
size=fileinfo["size"],
)
uploads_list.append(upload)
def get_message_sending_user(message: ZerverFieldsT) -> Optional[str]:
if "user" in message:
return message["user"]
if message.get("file"):
return message["file"].get("user")
return None
def get_timestamp_from_message(message: ZerverFieldsT) -> float:
return float(message["ts"])
def fetch_shared_channel_users(
user_list: List[ZerverFieldsT], slack_data_dir: str, token: str
) -> None:
normal_user_ids = set()
mirror_dummy_user_ids = set()
added_channels = {}
team_id_to_domain: Dict[str, str] = {}
for user in user_list:
user["is_mirror_dummy"] = False
normal_user_ids.add(user["id"])
public_channels = get_data_file(slack_data_dir + "/channels.json")
try:
private_channels = get_data_file(slack_data_dir + "/groups.json")
except FileNotFoundError:
private_channels = []
for channel in public_channels + private_channels:
added_channels[channel["name"]] = True
for user_id in channel["members"]:
if user_id not in normal_user_ids:
mirror_dummy_user_ids.add(user_id)
all_messages = get_messages_iterator(slack_data_dir, added_channels, {}, {})
for message in all_messages:
user_id = get_message_sending_user(message)
if user_id is None or user_id in normal_user_ids:
continue
mirror_dummy_user_ids.add(user_id)
# Fetch data on the mirror_dummy_user_ids from the Slack API (it's
# not included in the data export file).
for user_id in mirror_dummy_user_ids:
user = get_slack_api_data(
"https://slack.com/api/users.info", "user", token=token, user=user_id
)
team_id = user["team_id"]
if team_id not in team_id_to_domain:
team = get_slack_api_data(
"https://slack.com/api/team.info", "team", token=token, team=team_id
)
team_id_to_domain[team_id] = team["domain"]
user["team_domain"] = team_id_to_domain[team_id]
user["is_mirror_dummy"] = True
user_list.append(user)
def fetch_team_icons(
zerver_realm: Dict[str, Any], team_info_dict: Dict[str, Any], output_dir: str
) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
records = []
team_icons_dict = team_info_dict["icon"]
if "image_default" in team_icons_dict and team_icons_dict["image_default"]:
return []
icon_url = (
team_icons_dict.get("image_original", None)
or team_icons_dict.get("image_230", None)
or team_icons_dict.get("image_132", None)
or team_icons_dict.get("image_102", None)
)
if icon_url is None:
return []
response = requests.get(icon_url, stream=True)
response_raw = response.raw
realm_id = zerver_realm["id"]
os.makedirs(os.path.join(output_dir, str(realm_id)), exist_ok=True)
original_icon_output_path = os.path.join(output_dir, str(realm_id), "icon.original")
with open(original_icon_output_path, "wb") as output_file:
shutil.copyfileobj(response_raw, output_file)
records.append(
{
"realm_id": realm_id,
"path": os.path.join(str(realm_id), "icon.original"),
"s3_path": os.path.join(str(realm_id), "icon.original"),
}
)
resized_icon_output_path = os.path.join(output_dir, str(realm_id), "icon.png")
with open(resized_icon_output_path, "wb") as output_file:
with open(original_icon_output_path, "rb") as original_file:
resized_data = resize_logo(original_file.read())
output_file.write(resized_data)
records.append(
{
"realm_id": realm_id,
"path": os.path.join(str(realm_id), "icon.png"),
"s3_path": os.path.join(str(realm_id), "icon.png"),
}
)
zerver_realm["icon_source"] = Realm.ICON_UPLOADED
return records
def do_convert_data(
original_path: str,
output_dir: str,
token: str,
threads: int = 6,
convert_slack_threads: bool = False,
) -> None:
# Subdomain is set by the user while running the import command
realm_subdomain = ""
realm_id = 0
domain_name = settings.EXTERNAL_HOST
check_token_access(token)
os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
if os.listdir(output_dir):
raise Exception("Output directory should be empty!")
if os.path.isfile(original_path) and original_path.endswith(".zip"):
slack_data_dir = original_path.replace(".zip", "")
if not os.path.exists(slack_data_dir):
os.makedirs(slack_data_dir)
with zipfile.ZipFile(original_path) as zipObj:
# Slack's export doesn't set the UTF-8 flag on each
# filename entry, despite encoding them as such, so
# zipfile mojibake's the output. Explicitly re-interpret
# it as UTF-8 mis-decoded as cp437, the default.
for fileinfo in zipObj.infolist():
fileinfo.flag_bits |= 0x800
fileinfo.filename = fileinfo.filename.encode("cp437").decode("utf-8")
zipObj.NameToInfo[fileinfo.filename] = fileinfo
zipObj.extractall(slack_data_dir)
elif os.path.isdir(original_path):
slack_data_dir = original_path
else:
raise ValueError(f"Don't know how to import Slack data from {original_path}")
if not os.path.isfile(os.path.join(slack_data_dir, "channels.json")):
raise ValueError(f"{original_path} does not have the layout we expect from a Slack export!")
# We get the user data from the legacy token method of Slack API, which is depreciated
# but we use it as the user email data is provided only in this method
user_list = get_slack_api_data("https://slack.com/api/users.list", "members", token=token)
fetch_shared_channel_users(user_list, slack_data_dir, token)
custom_emoji_list = get_slack_api_data("https://slack.com/api/emoji.list", "emoji", token=token)
(
realm,
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id,
slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id,
added_channels,
added_mpims,
dm_members,
avatar_list,
emoji_url_map,
) = slack_workspace_to_realm(
domain_name, realm_id, user_list, realm_subdomain, slack_data_dir, custom_emoji_list
)
reactions, uploads_list, zerver_attachment = convert_slack_workspace_messages(
slack_data_dir,
user_list,
realm_id,
slack_user_id_to_zulip_user_id,
slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id,
added_channels,
added_mpims,
dm_members,
realm,
realm["zerver_userprofile"],
realm["zerver_realmemoji"],
domain_name,
output_dir,
convert_slack_threads,
)
# Move zerver_reactions to realm.json file
realm["zerver_reaction"] = reactions
emoji_folder = os.path.join(output_dir, "emoji")
os.makedirs(emoji_folder, exist_ok=True)
emoji_records = process_emojis(realm["zerver_realmemoji"], emoji_folder, emoji_url_map, threads)
avatar_folder = os.path.join(output_dir, "avatars")
avatar_realm_folder = os.path.join(avatar_folder, str(realm_id))
os.makedirs(avatar_realm_folder, exist_ok=True)
avatar_records = process_avatars(
avatar_list, avatar_folder, realm_id, threads, size_url_suffix="-512"
)
uploads_folder = os.path.join(output_dir, "uploads")
os.makedirs(os.path.join(uploads_folder, str(realm_id)), exist_ok=True)
uploads_records = process_uploads(uploads_list, uploads_folder, threads)
attachment = {"zerver_attachment": zerver_attachment}
team_info_dict = get_slack_api_data("https://slack.com/api/team.info", "team", token=token)
realm_icons_folder = os.path.join(output_dir, "realm_icons")
realm_icon_records = fetch_team_icons(
realm["zerver_realm"][0], team_info_dict, realm_icons_folder
)
create_converted_data_files(realm, output_dir, "/realm.json")
create_converted_data_files(emoji_records, output_dir, "/emoji/records.json")
create_converted_data_files(avatar_records, output_dir, "/avatars/records.json")
create_converted_data_files(uploads_records, output_dir, "/uploads/records.json")
create_converted_data_files(attachment, output_dir, "/attachment.json")
create_converted_data_files(realm_icon_records, output_dir, "/realm_icons/records.json")
# Clean up the directory if we unpacked it ourselves.
if original_path != slack_data_dir:
rm_tree(slack_data_dir)
logging.info("######### DATA CONVERSION FINISHED #########\n")
logging.info("Zulip data dump created at %s", output_dir)
def get_data_file(path: str) -> Any:
with open(path, "rb") as fp:
data = orjson.loads(fp.read())
return data
def check_token_access(token: str) -> None:
if token.startswith("xoxp-"):
logging.info("This is a Slack user token, which grants all rights the user has!")
elif token.startswith("xoxb-"):
data = requests.get(
"https://slack.com/api/team.info", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"}
)
if data.status_code != 200:
raise ValueError(
f"Failed to fetch data (HTTP status {data.status_code}) for Slack token: {token}"
)
if not data.json()["ok"]:
error = data.json()["error"]
if error != "missing_scope":
raise ValueError(f"Invalid Slack token: {token}, {error}")
has_scopes = set(data.headers.get("x-oauth-scopes", "").split(","))
required_scopes = {"emoji:read", "users:read", "users:read.email", "team:read"}
missing_scopes = required_scopes - has_scopes
if missing_scopes:
raise ValueError(
f"Slack token is missing the following required scopes: {sorted(missing_scopes)}"
)
else:
raise Exception("Unknown token type -- must start with xoxb- or xoxp-")
def get_slack_api_data(slack_api_url: str, get_param: str, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
if not kwargs.get("token"):
raise AssertionError("Slack token missing in kwargs")
token = kwargs.pop("token")
data = requests.get(slack_api_url, headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"}, params=kwargs)
if data.status_code == requests.codes.ok:
result = data.json()
if not result["ok"]:
raise Exception("Error accessing Slack API: {}".format(result["error"]))
return result[get_param]
raise Exception("HTTP error accessing the Slack API.")
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