mirror of https://github.com/zulip/zulip.git
131 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
131 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
# Management commands
|
|
|
|
Sometimes, you need to modify or inspect Zulip data from the command
|
|
line. To help with this, Zulip ships with over 100 command-line tools
|
|
implemented using the [Django management commands
|
|
framework][django-management].
|
|
|
|
[django-management]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/django-admin/#django-admin-and-manage-py
|
|
|
|
## Running management commands
|
|
|
|
Start by logging in as the `zulip` user on the Zulip server. Then run
|
|
them as follows:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
cd /home/zulip/deployments/current
|
|
|
|
# Start by reading the help
|
|
./manage.py <command_name> --help
|
|
|
|
# Once you've determine this is the command for you, run it!
|
|
./manage.py <command_name> <args>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
A full list of commands is available via `./manage.py help`; you'll
|
|
primarily want to use those in the `[zerver]` section as those are the
|
|
ones specifically built for Zulip.
|
|
|
|
As a warning, some of them are designed for specific use cases and may
|
|
cause problems if run in other situations. If you're not sure, it's
|
|
worth reading the documentation (or the code, usually available at
|
|
`zerver/management/commands/`; they're generally very simple programs).
|
|
|
|
### Accessing an organization's realm ID
|
|
|
|
Since Zulip supports hosting multiple organizations on a single
|
|
server, many management commands require you specify which
|
|
organization ("realm") you'd like to modify, either via numerical or
|
|
string ID (usually the subdomain).
|
|
|
|
You can see all the organizations on your Zulip server using
|
|
`./manage.py list_realms`.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
zulip@zulip:~$ /home/zulip/deployments/current/manage.py list_realms
|
|
id string_id name
|
|
-- --------- ----
|
|
1 zulipinternal None
|
|
2 Zulip Community
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
(Note that every Zulip server has a special `zulipinternal` realm
|
|
containing system-internal bots like `Notification Bot`; you are
|
|
unlikely to ever need to interact with that realm.)
|
|
|
|
Unless you are
|
|
[hosting multiple organizations on your Zulip server](../production/multiple-organizations.md),
|
|
your single Zulip organization on the root domain will have the empty
|
|
string (`''`) as its `string_id`. So you can run e.g.:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
zulip@zulip:~$ /home/zulip/deployments/current/manage.py show_admins -r ''
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Otherwise, the `string_id` will correspond to the organization's
|
|
subdomain. E.g. on `it.zulip.example.com`, use
|
|
`/home/zulip/deployments/current/manage.py show_admins -r it`.
|
|
|
|
## manage.py shell
|
|
|
|
If you need to query or edit data directly in the Zulip database, the
|
|
best way to do this is with Django's built-in management shell.
|
|
|
|
You can get an IPython shell with full access to code within the Zulip
|
|
project using `manage.py shell`, e.g., you can do the following to
|
|
change a user's email address:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
$ cd /home/zulip/deployments/current/
|
|
$ ./manage.py shell
|
|
In [1]: user_profile = get_user_profile_by_email("email@example.com")
|
|
In [2]: do_change_user_delivery_email(user_profile, "new_email@example.com")
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Any Django tutorial can give you helpful advice on querying and
|
|
formatting data from Zulip's tables for inspection.
|
|
|
|
We recommend against directly editing objects and saving them using
|
|
Django's `object.save()`. While this will save your changes to the
|
|
database, for most objects, in addition to saving the changes to the
|
|
database, one may also need to flush caches, notify the apps and open
|
|
browser windows, and record the change in Zulip's `RealmAuditLog`
|
|
audit history table. For almost any data change you want to do, there
|
|
is already a function in `zerver.lib.actions.py` with a name like
|
|
`do_change_full_name` that updates that field and notifies clients
|
|
correctly.
|
|
|
|
For convenience, Zulip automatically import `zerver/models.py` and
|
|
`zerver/lib/actions.py` into every management shell; if you need to
|
|
access other functions, you'll need to import them yourself.
|
|
|
|
## Other useful manage.py commands
|
|
|
|
There are dozens of useful management commands under
|
|
`zerver/management/commands/`. We detail a few here:
|
|
|
|
* `./manage.py help`: Lists all available management commands.
|
|
* `./manage.py dbshell`: If you're more comfortable with raw SQL than
|
|
Python, this will open a Postgres SQL shell connected to the Zulip
|
|
server's database. Beware of changing data; editing data directly
|
|
with SQL will often not behave correctly because Postgres doesn't
|
|
know to flush Zulip's caches or notify browsers of changes.
|
|
* `./manage.py send_custom_email`: Can be used to send an email to a set
|
|
of users. The `--help` documents how to run it from a `manage.py
|
|
shell` for use with more complex programmatically computed sets of
|
|
users.
|
|
* `./manage.py send_password_reset_email`: Sends password reset email(s)
|
|
to one or more users.
|
|
* `./manage.py change_user_email`: Change a user's email address.
|
|
* `./manage.py knight`: Can toggle whether a user is an administrator
|
|
(easier done [via the
|
|
UI](https://zulipchat.com/help/change-a-users-role)) or create an
|
|
API super user bot (with `--permission=api_super_user`), which are
|
|
needed for some content mirroring integrations.
|
|
* `./manage.py export_single_user` does a limited version of the [main
|
|
export tools](../production/export-and-import.md) containing just
|
|
the messages accessible by a single user.
|
|
|
|
All of our management commands have internal documentation available
|
|
via `manage.py command_name --help`.
|