import datetime
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Union

import pytz


def get_all_timezones() -> List[str]:
    return sorted(pytz.all_timezones)

def get_timezone(tz: str) -> datetime.tzinfo:
    return pytz.timezone(tz)

# This method carefully trims a list of common timezones in the pytz
# database and handles duplicate abbreviations in favor of the most
# common/popular offset. The output of this can be directly passed as
# tz_data to dateutil.parser.
def _calculate_timezones() -> Dict[str, Union[int, Any]]:
    tzdata = {}
    normal = datetime.datetime(2009, 9, 1)  # Any random date is fine here.
    for str in pytz.all_timezones:
        tz = pytz.timezone(str)
        offset = tz.utcoffset(normal).seconds  # type: ignore[union-attr] # mypy detects utcoffset returns None.
        timedelta = tz.utcoffset(normal)
        if not timedelta:
            continue
        offset = timedelta.seconds
        tz_name = tz.tzname(normal)
        tzdata[tz_name] = offset
        # Handle known duplicates/exceptions.
        # IST: Asia/Kolkata and Europe/Dublin.
        if tz_name == 'IST':
            tzdata[tz_name] = 19800  # Asia/Kolkata
        # CDT: America/AlmostAll and America/Havana.
        if tz_name == 'CDT':
            tzdata[tz_name] = -68400  # America/AlmostAll
        # CST America/Belize -64800
        # CST America/Costa_Rica -64800
        # CST America/El_Salvador -64800
        # CST America/Guatemala -64800
        # CST America/Managua -64800
        # CST America/Regina -64800
        # CST America/Swift_Current -64800
        # CST America/Tegucigalpa -64800
        # CST Asia/Macau 28800
        # CST Asia/Shanghai 28800
        # CST Asia/Taipei 28800
        if tz_name == 'CST':
            tzdata[tz_name] = -64800  # America/All
    return tzdata

timezone_data = None

# _calculate_timezones takes about 25ms to run, so we want to cache
# its results (while avoiding running it on process startup since we
# only need it for markdown rendering).
def get_common_timezones() -> Dict[str, Union[int, Any]]:
    global timezone_data
    if timezone_data is None:
        timezone_data = _calculate_timezones()
    return timezone_data