# Developing on a remote machine The Zulip developer environment works well on remote virtual machines. This can be a good alternative for those with poor network connectivity or who have limited storage/memory on their local machines. We recommend giving the Zulip development environment its own virtual machine, running Ubuntu 14.04 or 16.04, with at least 2GB of memory. If the Zulip development environment will be the only thing running on the remote virtual machine, we recommend installing [directly][install-direct]. Otherwise, we recommend the [Vagrant][install-vagrant] method so you can easily uninstall if you need to. ## Connecting to the remote environment The best way to connect to your server is using the command line tool `ssh`. * On macOS and Linux/UNIX, `ssh` is a part of Terminal. * On Windows, `ssh` comes with [Bash for Git][git-bash]. Open *Terminal* or *Bash for Git*, and connect with the following: ``` $ ssh username@host ``` If you have poor internet connectivity, we recommend using [Mosh](https://mosh.org/) as it is more reliable over slow or unreliable networks. ## Setting up user accounts You will need a non-root user account with sudo privileges to setup the Zulip development environment. If you have one already, continue to the next section. You can create a new user with sudo privileges by running the following commands as root: * You can create a `zulipdev` user by running the command `adduser zulipdev`. Run through the prompts to assign a password and user information. (You can pick any username you like for this user account.) * You can add the user to the sudo group by running the command `usermod -aG sudo zulipdev`. * Finally, you can switch to the user by running the command `su - zulipdev` (or just login to that user using `ssh`). ## Setting up the development environment After you have connected to your remote server, you need to install the development environment. If the Zulip development environment will be the only thing running on the remote virtual machine, we recommend installing [directly][install-direct]. Otherwise, we recommend the [Vagrant][install-vagrant] method so you can easily uninstall if you need to. The main difference from the standard instructions is that for a remote development environment, you'll need to run `export EXTERNAL_HOST=:9991` in a shell before running `run-dev.py` (and see also the `--interface=''` option documented below). If your server has a static IP address, we recommend putting this command in `~/.bashrc`, so you don't need to remember to run it every time. This allows you to access Zulip running in your development environment using a browser on another host. ## Running the development server Once you have set up the development environment, you can start up the development server with the following command in the directory where you cloned Zulip: ``` ./tools/run-dev.py --interface='' ``` This will start up the Zulip server on port 9991. You can then navigate to `http://:9991` and you should see something like this screenshot of the Zulip development environment: ![Image of Zulip development environment](../images/zulip-dev.png) The `--interface=''` command makes the Zulip development environment accessible from any IP address (in contrast with the more secure default of only being accessible from localhost, which is great for developing on your laptop). You can [port forward](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SSH/OpenSSH/PortForwarding) using ssh instead of running the development environment on an exposed interface. For more information, see [Using the development environment][rtd-using-dev-env]. ## Making changes to code on your remote development server To see changes on your remote development server, you need to do one of the following: * [Edit locally](#editing-locally): Clone Zulip code to your computer and then use your favorite editor to make changes. When you want to see changes on your remote Zulip development instance, sync with Git. * [Edit remotely](#editing-remotely): Edit code directly on your remote Zulip development instance using a [Web-based IDE](#web-based-ide) (recommended for beginners) or a [command line editor](#command-line-editors). #### Editing locally If you want to edit code locally install your favorite text editor. If you don't have a favorite, here are some suggestions: * [atom](https://atom.io/) * [emacs](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/) * [vim](http://www.vim.org/) * [spacemacs](https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs) * [sublime](https://www.sublimetext.com/) Next, follow our [Git and GitHub Guide](../git/index.html) to clone and configure your fork of zulip on your local computer. Once you have cloned your code locally, you can get to work. ##### Syncing changes The easiest way to see your changes on your remote development server is to **push them to GitHub** and them **fetch and merge** them from the remote server. For more detailed instructions about how to do this, see our [Git & GitHub Guide][rtd-git-guide]. In brief, the steps are as follows. On your **local computer**: 1. Open *Terminal* (macOS/Linux) or *Git for BASH*. 2. Change directory to where you cloned Zulip (e.g. `cd zulip`). 3. Use `git add` and `git commit` to stage and commit your changes (if you haven't already). 4. Push your commits to GitHub with `git push origin branchname`. Be sure to replace `branchname` with the name of your actual feature branch. Once `git push` has completed successfully, you are ready to fetch the commits from your remote development instance: 1. In *Terminal* or *Git BASH*, connect to your remote development instance with `ssh user@host`. 2. Change to the zulip directory (e.g., `cd zulip`). 3. Fetch new commits from GitHub with `git fetch origin`. 4. Change to the branch you want to work on with `git checkout branchname`. 5. Merge the new commits into your branch with `git merge origin/branchname`. #### Editing remotely ##### Web-based IDE If you are relatively new to working on the command line, or just want to get started working quickly, we recommend web-based IDE [Codeanywhere][codeanywhere]. To setup Codeanywhere for Zulip: 1. Create a [Codeanywhere][codeanywhere] account and log in. 2. Create a new **SFTP-SSH** project. Use *Public key* for authentication. 3. Click **GET YOUR PUBLIC KEY** to get the new public key that Codeanywhere generates when you create a new project. Add this public key to `~/.ssh/authorized_keys` on your remote development instance. 4. Once you've added the new public key to your remote development instance, click *CONNECT*. Now your workspace should look similar this: ![Codeanywhere workspace][img-ca-workspace] ##### Command line editors Another way to edit directly on the remote development server is with a command line text editor on the remote machine. Two editors often available by default on Linux systems are: * **Nano**: A very simple, beginner-friendly editor. However, it lacks a lot of features useful for programming, such as syntax highlighting, so we only recommended it for quick edits to things like configuration files. Launch by running command `nano `. Exit by pressing *control-X*. * **[Vim](http://www.vim.org/)**: A very powerful editor that can take a while to learn. Launch by running `vim `. Quit Vim by pressing *escape*, typing `:q`, and then pressing *return*. Vim comes with a program to learn it called `vimtutor` (just run that command to start it). Other options include: * [emacs](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/) * [spacemacs](https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs) #### Next steps Next, read the following to learn more about developing for Zulip: * [Git & GitHub Guide][rtd-git-guide] * [Using the Development Environment][rtd-using-dev-env] * [Testing][rtd-testing] [install-direct]: ../development/setup-advanced.html#installing-directly-on-ubuntu-or-debian [install-generic]: ../development/setup-advanced.html#installing-manually-on-linux [install-vagrant]: ../development/setup-vagrant.html [rtd-git-guide]: ../git/index.html [rtd-using-dev-env]: using.html [rtd-testing]: ../testing/testing.html [git-bash]: https://git-for-windows.github.io/ [codeanywhere]: https://codeanywhere.com/ [img-ca-settings]: ../images/codeanywhere-settings.png [img-ca-workspace]: ../images/codeanywhere-workspace.png