import datetime from typing import Any, List, Mapping from unittest import mock import orjson from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now from zerver.lib.actions import do_change_can_create_users, do_change_user_role from zerver.lib.exceptions import JsonableError from zerver.lib.streams import access_stream_for_send_message from zerver.lib.test_classes import ZulipTestCase from zerver.lib.test_helpers import most_recent_message, queries_captured from zerver.lib.users import is_administrator_role from zerver.models import ( UserProfile, UserStatus, get_display_recipient, get_realm, get_stream, get_user_by_delivery_email, ) # Most Zulip tests use ZulipTestCase, which inherits from django.test.TestCase. # We recommend learning Django basics first, so search the web for "django testing". # A common first result is https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/testing/ class TestBasics(ZulipTestCase): def test_basics(self) -> None: # Django's tests are based on Python's unittest module, so you # will see us use things like assertEqual, assertTrue, and assertRaisesRegex # quite often. # See https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html#unittest.TestCase.assertEqual self.assertEqual(7 * 6, 42) class TestBasicUserStuff(ZulipTestCase): # Zulip has test fixtures with built-in users. It's good to know # which users are special. For example, Iago is our built-in # realm administrator. You can also modify users as needed. def test_users(self) -> None: # The example_user() helper returns a UserProfile object. hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet") self.assertEqual(hamlet.full_name, "King Hamlet") self.assertEqual(hamlet.role, UserProfile.ROLE_MEMBER) iago = self.example_user("iago") self.assertEqual(iago.role, UserProfile.ROLE_REALM_ADMINISTRATOR) polonius = self.example_user("polonius") self.assertEqual(polonius.role, UserProfile.ROLE_GUEST) self.assertEqual(self.example_email("cordelia"), "cordelia@zulip.com") def test_lib_functions(self) -> None: # This test is an example of testing a single library function. # Our tests aren't always at this level of granularity, but it's # often possible to write concise tests for library functions. # Get our UserProfile objects first. iago = self.example_user("iago") hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet") # It is a good idea for your tests to clearly demonstrate a # **change** to a value. So here we want to make sure that # do_change_user_role will change Hamlet such that # is_administrator_role becomes True, but we first assert it's # False. self.assertFalse(is_administrator_role(hamlet.role)) # Tests should modify properties using the standard library # functions, like do_change_user_role. Modifying Django # objects and then using .save() can be buggy, as doing so can # fail to update caches, RealmAuditLog, or related tables properly. do_change_user_role(hamlet, UserProfile.ROLE_REALM_OWNER, acting_user=iago) self.assertTrue(is_administrator_role(hamlet.role)) # After we promote Hamlet, we also demote him. Testing state # changes like this in a single test can be a good technique, # although we also don't want tests to be too long. # # Important note: You don't need to undo changes done in the # test at the end. Every test is run inside a database # transaction, that is reverted after the test completes. # There are a few exceptions, where tests interact with the # filesystem (E.g. uploading files), which is generally # handled by the setUp/tearDown methods for the test class. do_change_user_role(hamlet, UserProfile.ROLE_MODERATOR, acting_user=iago) self.assertFalse(is_administrator_role(hamlet.role)) class TestFullStack(ZulipTestCase): # Zulip's backend tests are largely full-stack integration tests, # making use of some strategic mocking at times, though we do use # unit tests for some classes of low-level functions. # # See https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/testing/philosophy.html # for details on this and other testing design decisions. def test_client_get(self) -> None: hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet") cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia") # Most full-stack tests require you to log in the user. # The login_user helper basically wraps Django's client.login(). self.login_user(hamlet) # Zulip's client_get is a very thin wrapper on Django's client.get. # We always use the Zulip wrappers for client_get and client_post. url = f"/json/users/{cordelia.id}" result = self.client_get(url) # Almost every meaningful full-stack test for a "happy path" situation # uses assert_json_success(). self.assert_json_success(result) # When we unpack the result.content object, we prefer the orjson library. content = orjson.loads(result.content) # In this case we will validate the entire payload. It's good to use # concrete values where possible, but some things, like "cordelia.id", # are somewhat unpredictable, so we don't hard code values. # # Others, like email and full_name here, are fields we haven't # changed, and thus explicit values would just be hardcoding # test database defaults in additional places. self.assertEqual( content["user"], dict( avatar_url=content["user"]["avatar_url"], avatar_version=1, date_joined=content["user"]["date_joined"], email=cordelia.email, full_name=cordelia.full_name, is_active=True, is_admin=False, is_billing_admin=False, is_bot=False, is_guest=False, is_owner=False, role=UserProfile.ROLE_MEMBER, timezone="", user_id=cordelia.id, ), ) def test_client_post(self) -> None: # Here we're gonna test a POST call to /json/users, and it's # important that we not only check the payload, but we make # sure that the intended side effects actually happen. iago = self.example_user("iago") self.login_user(iago) realm = get_realm("zulip") self.assertEqual(realm.id, iago.realm_id) # Get our failing test first. self.assertRaises( UserProfile.DoesNotExist, lambda: get_user_by_delivery_email("romeo@zulip.net", realm) ) # Before we can successfully post, we need to ensure # that Iago can create users. do_change_can_create_users(iago, True) params = dict( email="romeo@zulip.net", password="xxxx", full_name="Romeo Montague", ) # Use the Zulip wrapper. result = self.client_post("/json/users", params) # Once again we check that the HTTP request was successful. self.assert_json_success(result) content = orjson.loads(result.content) # Finally we test the side effect of the post. user_id = content["user_id"] romeo = get_user_by_delivery_email("romeo@zulip.net", realm) self.assertEqual(romeo.id, user_id) def test_can_create_users(self) -> None: # Typically, when testing an API endpoint, we prefer a single # test covering both the happy path and common error paths. # # See https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/testing/philosophy.html#share-test-setup-code. iago = self.example_user("iago") self.login_user(iago) do_change_can_create_users(iago, False) valid_params = dict( email="romeo@zulip.net", password="xxxx", full_name="Romeo Montague", ) # We often use assert_json_error for negative tests. result = self.client_post("/json/users", valid_params) self.assert_json_error(result, "User not authorized for this query", 400) do_change_can_create_users(iago, True) incomplete_params = dict( full_name="Romeo Montague", ) result = self.client_post("/json/users", incomplete_params) self.assert_json_error(result, "Missing 'email' argument", 400) # Verify that the original parameters were valid. Especially # for errors with generic error messages, this is important to # confirm that the original request with these parameters # failed because of incorrect permissions, and not because # valid_params weren't actually valid. result = self.client_post("/json/users", valid_params) self.assert_json_success(result) # Verify error handling when the user already exists. result = self.client_post("/json/users", valid_params) self.assert_json_error(result, "Email 'romeo@zulip.net' already in use", 400) def test_tornado_redirects(self) -> None: # Let's poke a bit at Zulip's event system. # See https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/subsystems/events-system.html # for context on the system itself and how it should be tested. # # Most specific features that might feel tricky to test have # similarly handy helpers, so find similar tests with `git grep` and read them! cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia") self.login_user(cordelia) params = dict(status_text="on vacation") events: List[Mapping[str, Any]] = [] # Use the tornado_redirected_to_list context manager to capture # events. with self.tornado_redirected_to_list(events, expected_num_events=1): result = self.api_post(cordelia, "/api/v1/users/me/status", params) self.assert_json_success(result) # Check that the POST to Zulip caused the expected events to be sent # to Tornado. self.assertEqual( events[0]["event"], dict(type="user_status", user_id=cordelia.id, status_text="on vacation"), ) # Grabbing the last row in the table is OK here, but often it's # better to look up the object we created via its ID, # especially if there's risk of similar objects existing # (E.g. a message sent to that topic earlier in the test). row = UserStatus.objects.last() assert row is not None self.assertEqual(row.user_profile_id, cordelia.id) self.assertEqual(row.status_text, "on vacation") class TestStreamHelpers(ZulipTestCase): # Streams are an important concept in Zulip, and ZulipTestCase # has helpers such as subscribe, users_subscribed_to_stream, # and make_stream. def test_new_streams(self) -> None: cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia") othello = self.example_user("othello") realm = cordelia.realm stream_name = "Some new stream" self.subscribe(cordelia, stream_name) self.assertEqual(set(self.users_subscribed_to_stream(stream_name, realm)), {cordelia}) self.subscribe(othello, stream_name) self.assertEqual( set(self.users_subscribed_to_stream(stream_name, realm)), {cordelia, othello} ) def test_private_stream(self) -> None: # When we test stream permissions, it's very common to use at least # two users, so that you can see how different users are impacted. # We commonly use Othello to represent the "other" user from the primary user. cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia") othello = self.example_user("othello") realm = cordelia.realm stream_name = "Some private stream" # Use the invite_only flag in make_stream to make a stream "private". stream = self.make_stream(stream_name=stream_name, invite_only=True) self.subscribe(cordelia, stream_name) self.assertEqual(set(self.users_subscribed_to_stream(stream_name, realm)), {cordelia}) stream = get_stream(stream_name, realm) self.assertEqual(stream.name, stream_name) self.assertTrue(stream.invite_only) # We will now observe that Cordelia can access the stream... access_stream_for_send_message(cordelia, stream, forwarder_user_profile=None) # ...but Othello can't. with self.assertRaisesRegex(JsonableError, "Not authorized to send to stream"): access_stream_for_send_message(othello, stream, forwarder_user_profile=None) class TestMessageHelpers(ZulipTestCase): # If you are testing behavior related to messages, then it's good # to know about send_stream_message, send_personal_message, and # most_recent_message. def test_stream_message(self) -> None: hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet") iago = self.example_user("iago") self.subscribe(hamlet, "Denmark") self.subscribe(iago, "Denmark") # The functions to send a message return the ID of the created # message, so you usually you don't need to look it up. sent_message_id = self.send_stream_message( sender=hamlet, stream_name="Denmark", topic_name="lunch", content="I want pizza!", ) # But if you want to verify the most recent message received # by a user, there's a handy function for that. iago_message = most_recent_message(iago) # Here we check that the message we sent is the last one that # Iago received. While we verify several properties of the # last message, the most important to verify is the unique ID, # since that protects us from bugs if this test were to be # extended to send multiple similar messages. self.assertEqual(iago_message.id, sent_message_id) self.assertEqual(iago_message.sender_id, hamlet.id) self.assertEqual(get_display_recipient(iago_message.recipient), "Denmark") self.assertEqual(iago_message.topic_name(), "lunch") self.assertEqual(iago_message.content, "I want pizza!") def test_personal_message(self) -> None: hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet") cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia") sent_message_id = self.send_personal_message( from_user=hamlet, to_user=cordelia, content="hello there!", ) cordelia_message = most_recent_message(cordelia) self.assertEqual(cordelia_message.id, sent_message_id) self.assertEqual(cordelia_message.sender_id, hamlet.id) self.assertEqual(cordelia_message.content, "hello there!") class TestQueryCounts(ZulipTestCase): def test_capturing_queries(self) -> None: # It's a common pitfall in Django to accidentally perform # database queries in a loop, due to lazy evaluation of # foreign keys. We use the queries_captured context manager to # ensure our query count is predictable. # # When a test containing one of these query count assertions # fails, we'll want to understand the new queries and whether # they're necessary. You can investiate whether the changes # are expected/sensible by comparing print(queries) between # your branch and main. hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet") cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia") with queries_captured() as queries: self.send_personal_message( from_user=hamlet, to_user=cordelia, content="hello there!", ) # The assert_length helper is another useful extra from ZulipTestCase. self.assert_length(queries, 16) class TestDevelopmentEmailsLog(ZulipTestCase): # We have development specific utilities that automate common tasks # to improve developer productivity. # # Ones such is /emails/generate/ endpoint that can be used to generate # all sorts of emails zulip sends. Those can be accessed at /emails/ # in development server. Let's test that here. def test_generate_emails(self) -> None: # It is a common case where some functions that we test rely # on a certain setting's value. You can test those under the # context of a desired setting value as done below. # The endpoint we're testing here rely on these settings: # * EMAIL_BACKEND: The backend class used to send emails. # * DEVELOPMENT_LOG_EMAILS: Whether to log emails sent. # so, we set those to required values. # # If the code you're testing creates logs, it is best to capture them # and verify the log messages. That can be achieved with assertLogs() # as you'll see below. Read more about assertLogs() at: # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html#unittest.TestCase.assertLogs with self.settings(EMAIL_BACKEND="zproject.email_backends.EmailLogBackEnd"), self.settings( DEVELOPMENT_LOG_EMAILS=True ), self.assertLogs(level="INFO") as logger: result = self.client_get( "/emails/generate/" ) # Generates emails and redirects to /emails/ self.assertEqual("/emails/", result["Location"]) # Make sure redirect URL is correct. # The above call to /emails/generate/ creates 15 emails and # logs the below line for every email. output_log = ( "INFO:root:Emails sent in development are available at http://testserver/emails" ) # logger.output is a list of all the log messages captured. Verify it is as expected. self.assertEqual(logger.output, [output_log] * 15) # Now, lets actually go the URL the above call redirects to, i.e., /emails/ result = self.client_get(result["Location"]) # assert_in_success_response() is another helper that is commonly used to ensure # we are on the right page by verifying a string exists in the page's content. self.assert_in_success_response(["All the emails sent in the Zulip"], result) class TestMocking(ZulipTestCase): # Mocking, primarily used in testing, is a technique that allows you to # replace methods or objects with fake entities. # # Mocking is generally used in situations where # we want to avoid running original code for reasons # like skipping HTTP requests, saving execution time etc. # # Learn more about mocking in-depth at: # https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/testing/testing-with-django.html#testing-with-mocks # # The following test demonstrates a simple use case # where mocking is helpful in saving test-run time. def test_edit_message(self) -> None: """ Verify if the time limit imposed on message editing is working correctly. """ iago = self.example_user("iago") self.login("iago") # Set limit to edit message content. MESSAGE_CONTENT_EDIT_LIMIT = 5 * 60 # 5 minutes result = self.client_patch( "/json/realm", { "allow_message_editing": "true", "message_content_edit_limit_seconds": MESSAGE_CONTENT_EDIT_LIMIT, }, ) self.assert_json_success(result) sent_message_id = self.send_stream_message( iago, "Scotland", topic_name="lunch", content="I want pizza!", ) message_sent_time = timezone_now() # Verify message sent. message = most_recent_message(iago) self.assertEqual(message.id, sent_message_id) self.assertEqual(message.content, "I want pizza!") # Edit message content now. This should work as we're editing # it immediately after sending i.e., before the limit exceeds. result = self.client_patch( f"/json/messages/{sent_message_id}", {"content": "I want burger!"} ) self.assert_json_success(result) message = most_recent_message(iago) self.assertEqual(message.id, sent_message_id) self.assertEqual(message.content, "I want burger!") # Now that we tested message editing works within the limit, # we want to verify it doesn't work beyond the limit. # # To do that we'll have to wait for the time limit to pass which is # 5 minutes here. Easy, use time.sleep() but mind that it slows down the # test to a great extent which isn't good. This is when mocking comes to rescue. # We can check what the original code does to determine whether the time limit # exceeded and mock that here such that the code runs as if the time limit # exceeded without actually waiting for that long! # # In this case, it is timezone_now, an alias to django.utils.timezone.now, # to which the difference with message-sent-time is checked. So, we want # that timezone_now() call to return `datetime` object representing time # that is beyond the limit. # # Notice how mock.patch() is used here to do exactly the above mentioned. # mock.patch() here makes any calls to `timezone_now` in `zerver.lib.actions` # to return the value passed to `return_value` in the its context. # You can also use mock.patch() as a decorator depending on the # requirements. Read more at the documentation link provided above. time_beyond_edit_limit = message_sent_time + datetime.timedelta( seconds=MESSAGE_CONTENT_EDIT_LIMIT + 100 ) # There's a buffer time applied to the limit, hence the extra 100s. with mock.patch( "zerver.lib.actions.timezone_now", return_value=time_beyond_edit_limit, ): result = self.client_patch( f"/json/messages/{sent_message_id}", {"content": "I actually want pizza."} ) self.assert_json_error(result, msg="The time limit for editing this message has passed") message = most_recent_message(iago) self.assertEqual(message.id, sent_message_id) self.assertEqual(message.content, "I want burger!")