import datetime from boto.s3.key import Key from boto.s3.connection import S3Connection from django.conf import settings from django.db import connection from django.forms.models import model_to_dict from django.utils.timezone import make_aware as timezone_make_aware from django.utils.timezone import utc as timezone_utc from django.utils.timezone import is_naive as timezone_is_naive from django.db.models.query import QuerySet import glob import logging import os import ujson import shutil import subprocess import tempfile from zerver.lib.avatar_hash import user_avatar_hash from zerver.lib.create_user import random_api_key from zerver.models import UserProfile, Realm, Client, Huddle, Stream, \ UserMessage, Subscription, Message, RealmEmoji, RealmFilter, \ RealmDomain, Recipient, DefaultStream, get_user_profile_by_id, \ UserPresence, UserActivity, UserActivityInterval, \ get_display_recipient, Attachment, get_system_bot from zerver.lib.parallel import run_parallel from zerver.lib.utils import mkdir_p from six.moves import range from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple # Custom mypy types follow: Record = Dict[str, Any] TableName = str TableData = Dict[TableName, List[Record]] Field = str Path = str Context = Dict[str, Any] FilterArgs = Dict[str, Any] IdSource = Tuple[TableName, Field] SourceFilter = Callable[[Record], bool] # These next two types are callbacks, which mypy does not # support well, because PEP 484 says "using callbacks # with keyword arguments is not perceived as a common use case." # CustomFetch = Callable[[TableData, Config, Context], None] # PostProcessData = Callable[[TableData, Config, Context], None] CustomFetch = Any # TODO: make more specific, see above PostProcessData = Any # TODO: make more specific # The keys of our MessageOutput variables are normally # List[Record], but when we write partials, we can get # lists of integers or a single integer. # TODO: tighten this up with a union. MessageOutput = Dict[str, Any] realm_tables = [("zerver_defaultstream", DefaultStream), ("zerver_realmemoji", RealmEmoji), ("zerver_realmdomain", RealmDomain), ("zerver_realmfilter", RealmFilter)] # List[Tuple[TableName, Any]] ALL_ZERVER_TABLES = [ # TODO: get a linter to ensure that this list is actually complete. 'zerver_attachment', 'zerver_attachment_messages', 'zerver_client', 'zerver_defaultstream', 'zerver_huddle', 'zerver_message', 'zerver_preregistrationuser', 'zerver_preregistrationuser_streams', 'zerver_pushdevicetoken', 'zerver_realm', 'zerver_realmdomain', 'zerver_realmemoji', 'zerver_realmfilter', 'zerver_recipient', 'zerver_scheduledemail', 'zerver_stream', 'zerver_subscription', 'zerver_useractivity', 'zerver_useractivityinterval', 'zerver_usermessage', 'zerver_userpresence', 'zerver_userprofile', 'zerver_userprofile_groups', 'zerver_userprofile_user_permissions', ] NON_EXPORTED_TABLES = [ # These are known to either be altogether obsolete or # simply inappropriate for exporting (e.g. contains transient # data). 'zerver_preregistrationuser', 'zerver_preregistrationuser_streams', 'zerver_pushdevicetoken', 'zerver_scheduledemail', 'zerver_userprofile_groups', 'zerver_userprofile_user_permissions', ] assert set(NON_EXPORTED_TABLES).issubset(set(ALL_ZERVER_TABLES)) IMPLICIT_TABLES = [ # ManyToMany relationships are exported implicitly. 'zerver_attachment_messages', ] assert set(IMPLICIT_TABLES).issubset(set(ALL_ZERVER_TABLES)) ATTACHMENT_TABLES = [ 'zerver_attachment', ] assert set(ATTACHMENT_TABLES).issubset(set(ALL_ZERVER_TABLES)) MESSAGE_TABLES = [ # message tables get special treatment, because they're so big 'zerver_message', 'zerver_usermessage', ] DATE_FIELDS = { 'zerver_attachment': ['create_time'], 'zerver_message': ['last_edit_time', 'pub_date'], 'zerver_realm': ['date_created'], 'zerver_stream': ['date_created'], 'zerver_useractivity': ['last_visit'], 'zerver_useractivityinterval': ['start', 'end'], 'zerver_userpresence': ['timestamp'], 'zerver_userprofile': ['date_joined', 'last_login', 'last_reminder'], } # type: Dict[TableName, List[Field]] def sanity_check_output(data): # type: (TableData) -> None tables = set(ALL_ZERVER_TABLES) tables -= set(NON_EXPORTED_TABLES) tables -= set(IMPLICIT_TABLES) tables -= set(MESSAGE_TABLES) tables -= set(ATTACHMENT_TABLES) for table in tables: if table not in data: logging.warn('??? NO DATA EXPORTED FOR TABLE %s!!!' % (table,)) def write_data_to_file(output_file, data): # type: (Path, Any) -> None with open(output_file, "w") as f: f.write(ujson.dumps(data, indent=4)) def make_raw(query, exclude=None): # type: (Any, List[Field]) -> List[Record] ''' Takes a Django query and returns a JSONable list of dictionaries corresponding to the database rows. ''' rows = [] for instance in query: data = model_to_dict(instance, exclude=exclude) """ In Django 1.10, model_to_dict resolves ManyToManyField as a QuerySet. Previously, we used to get primary keys. Following code converts the QuerySet into primary keys. For reference: https://www.mail-archive.com/django-updates@googlegroups.com/msg163020.html """ for field in instance._meta.many_to_many: value = data[field.name] if isinstance(value, QuerySet): data[field.name] = [row.pk for row in value] rows.append(data) return rows def floatify_datetime_fields(data, table): # type: (TableData, TableName) -> None for item in data[table]: for field in DATE_FIELDS[table]: orig_dt = item[field] if orig_dt is None: continue if timezone_is_naive(orig_dt): logging.warning("Naive datetime:", item) dt = timezone_make_aware(orig_dt) else: dt = orig_dt utc_naive = dt.replace(tzinfo=None) - dt.utcoffset() item[field] = (utc_naive - datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1)).total_seconds() class Config(object): ''' A Config object configures a single table for exporting (and, maybe some day importing as well. You should never mutate Config objects as part of the export; instead use the data to determine how you populate other data structures. There are parent/children relationships between Config objects. The parent should be instantiated first. The child will append itself to the parent's list of children. ''' def __init__(self, table=None, model=None, normal_parent=None, virtual_parent=None, filter_args=None, custom_fetch=None, custom_tables=None, post_process_data=None, concat_and_destroy=None, id_source=None, source_filter=None, parent_key=None, use_all=False, is_seeded=False, exclude=None): # type: (str, Any, Config, Config, FilterArgs, CustomFetch, List[TableName], PostProcessData, List[TableName], IdSource, SourceFilter, Field, bool, bool, List[Field]) -> None assert table or custom_tables self.table = table self.model = model self.normal_parent = normal_parent self.virtual_parent = virtual_parent self.filter_args = filter_args self.parent_key = parent_key self.use_all = use_all self.is_seeded = is_seeded self.exclude = exclude self.custom_fetch = custom_fetch self.custom_tables = custom_tables self.post_process_data = post_process_data self.concat_and_destroy = concat_and_destroy self.id_source = id_source self.source_filter = source_filter self.children = [] # type: List[Config] if normal_parent is not None: self.parent = normal_parent # type: Optional[Config] else: self.parent = None if virtual_parent is not None and normal_parent is not None: raise ValueError(''' If you specify a normal_parent, please do not create a virtual_parent. ''') if normal_parent is not None: normal_parent.children.append(self) elif virtual_parent is not None: virtual_parent.children.append(self) elif is_seeded is None: raise ValueError(''' You must specify a parent if you are not using is_seeded. ''') if self.id_source is not None: if self.virtual_parent is None: raise ValueError(''' You must specify a virtual_parent if you are using id_source.''') if self.id_source[0] != self.virtual_parent.table: raise ValueError(''' Configuration error. To populate %s, you want data from %s, but that differs from the table name of your virtual parent (%s), which suggests you many not have set up the ordering correctly. You may simply need to assign a virtual_parent, or there may be deeper issues going on.''' % ( self.table, self.id_source[0], self.virtual_parent.table)) def export_from_config(response, config, seed_object=None, context=None): # type: (TableData, Config, Any, Context) -> None table = config.table parent = config.parent model = config.model if context is None: context = {} if table: exported_tables = [table] else: if config.custom_tables is None: raise ValueError(''' You must specify config.custom_tables if you are not specifying config.table''') exported_tables = config.custom_tables for t in exported_tables: logging.info('Exporting via export_from_config: %s' % (t,)) rows = None if config.is_seeded: rows = [seed_object] elif config.custom_fetch: config.custom_fetch( response=response, config=config, context=context ) if config.custom_tables: for t in config.custom_tables: if t not in response: raise Exception('Custom fetch failed to populate %s' % (t,)) elif config.concat_and_destroy: # When we concat_and_destroy, we are working with # temporary "tables" that are lists of records that # should already be ready to export. data = [] # type: List[Record] for t in config.concat_and_destroy: data += response[t] del response[t] logging.info('Deleted temporary %s' % (t,)) assert table is not None response[table] = data elif config.use_all: assert model is not None query = model.objects.all() rows = list(query) elif config.normal_parent: # In this mode, our current model is figuratively Article, # and normal_parent is figuratively Blog, and # now we just need to get all the articles # contained by the blogs. model = config.model assert parent is not None assert parent.table is not None assert config.parent_key is not None parent_ids = [r['id'] for r in response[parent.table]] filter_parms = {config.parent_key: parent_ids} # type: Dict[str, Any] if config.filter_args is not None: filter_parms.update(config.filter_args) assert model is not None query = model.objects.filter(**filter_parms) rows = list(query) elif config.id_source: # In this mode, we are the figurative Blog, and we now # need to look at the current response to get all the # blog ids from the Article rows we fetched previously. model = config.model assert model is not None # This will be a tuple of the form ('zerver_article', 'blog'). (child_table, field) = config.id_source child_rows = response[child_table] if config.source_filter: child_rows = [r for r in child_rows if config.source_filter(r)] lookup_ids = [r[field] for r in child_rows] filter_parms = dict(id__in=lookup_ids) if config.filter_args: filter_parms.update(config.filter_args) query = model.objects.filter(**filter_parms) rows = list(query) # Post-process rows (which won't apply to custom fetches/concats) if rows is not None: assert table is not None # Hint for mypy response[table] = make_raw(rows, exclude=config.exclude) if table in DATE_FIELDS: floatify_datetime_fields(response, table) if config.post_process_data: config.post_process_data( response=response, config=config, context=context ) # Now walk our children. It's extremely important to respect # the order of children here. for child_config in config.children: export_from_config( response=response, config=child_config, context=context, ) def get_realm_config(): # type: () -> Config # This is common, public information about the realm that we can share # with all realm users. realm_config = Config( table='zerver_realm', is_seeded=True ) Config( table='zerver_defaultstream', model=DefaultStream, normal_parent=realm_config, parent_key='realm_id__in', ) Config( table='zerver_realmemoji', model=RealmEmoji, normal_parent=realm_config, parent_key='realm_id__in', ) Config( table='zerver_realmdomain', model=RealmDomain, normal_parent=realm_config, parent_key='realm_id__in', ) Config( table='zerver_realmfilter', model=RealmFilter, normal_parent=realm_config, parent_key='realm_id__in', ) Config( table='zerver_client', model=Client, virtual_parent=realm_config, use_all=True ) user_profile_config = Config( custom_tables=[ 'zerver_userprofile', 'zerver_userprofile_mirrordummy', ], # set table for children who treat us as normal parent table='zerver_userprofile', virtual_parent=realm_config, custom_fetch=fetch_user_profile, ) Config( custom_tables=[ 'zerver_userprofile_crossrealm', ], virtual_parent=user_profile_config, custom_fetch=fetch_user_profile_cross_realm, ) Config( table='zerver_userpresence', model=UserPresence, normal_parent=user_profile_config, parent_key='user_profile__in', ) Config( table='zerver_useractivity', model=UserActivity, normal_parent=user_profile_config, parent_key='user_profile__in', ) Config( table='zerver_useractivityinterval', model=UserActivityInterval, normal_parent=user_profile_config, parent_key='user_profile__in', ) # Some of these tables are intermediate "tables" that we # create only for the export. Think of them as similar to views. user_subscription_config = Config( table='_user_subscription', model=Subscription, normal_parent=user_profile_config, filter_args={'recipient__type': Recipient.PERSONAL}, parent_key='user_profile__in', ) Config( table='_user_recipient', model=Recipient, virtual_parent=user_subscription_config, id_source=('_user_subscription', 'recipient'), ) # stream_subscription_config = Config( table='_stream_subscription', model=Subscription, normal_parent=user_profile_config, filter_args={'recipient__type': Recipient.STREAM}, parent_key='user_profile__in', ) stream_recipient_config = Config( table='_stream_recipient', model=Recipient, virtual_parent=stream_subscription_config, id_source=('_stream_subscription', 'recipient'), ) Config( table='zerver_stream', model=Stream, virtual_parent=stream_recipient_config, id_source=('_stream_recipient', 'type_id'), source_filter=lambda r: r['type'] == Recipient.STREAM, exclude=['email_token'], post_process_data=sanity_check_stream_data ) # Config( custom_tables=[ '_huddle_recipient', '_huddle_subscription', 'zerver_huddle', ], normal_parent=user_profile_config, custom_fetch=fetch_huddle_objects, ) # Now build permanent tables from our temp tables. Config( table='zerver_recipient', virtual_parent=user_profile_config, concat_and_destroy=[ '_user_recipient', '_stream_recipient', '_huddle_recipient', ], ) Config( table='zerver_subscription', virtual_parent=user_profile_config, concat_and_destroy=[ '_user_subscription', '_stream_subscription', '_huddle_subscription', ] ) return realm_config def sanity_check_stream_data(response, config, context): # type: (TableData, Config, Context) -> None if context['exportable_user_ids'] is not None: # If we restrict which user ids are exportable, # the way that we find # streams is a little too # complex to have a sanity check. return actual_streams = set([stream.name for stream in Stream.objects.filter(realm=response["zerver_realm"][0]['id'])]) streams_in_response = set([stream['name'] for stream in response['zerver_stream']]) if streams_in_response != actual_streams: print(streams_in_response - actual_streams) print(actual_streams - streams_in_response) raise Exception(''' zerver_stream data does not match Stream.objects.all(). Please investigate! ''') def fetch_user_profile(response, config, context): # type: (TableData, Config, Context) -> None realm = context['realm'] exportable_user_ids = context['exportable_user_ids'] query = UserProfile.objects.filter(realm_id=realm.id) exclude = ['password', 'api_key'] rows = make_raw(list(query), exclude=exclude) normal_rows = [] # type: List[Record] dummy_rows = [] # type: List[Record] for row in rows: if exportable_user_ids is not None: if row['id'] in exportable_user_ids: assert not row['is_mirror_dummy'] else: # Convert non-exportable users to # inactive is_mirror_dummy users. row['is_mirror_dummy'] = True row['is_active'] = False if row['is_mirror_dummy']: dummy_rows.append(row) else: normal_rows.append(row) response['zerver_userprofile'] = normal_rows response['zerver_userprofile_mirrordummy'] = dummy_rows def fetch_user_profile_cross_realm(response, config, context): # type: (TableData, Config, Context) -> None realm = context['realm'] if realm.string_id == "zulip": response['zerver_userprofile_crossrealm'] = [] else: response['zerver_userprofile_crossrealm'] = [dict(email=x.email, id=x.id) for x in [ get_system_bot(settings.NOTIFICATION_BOT), get_system_bot(settings.EMAIL_GATEWAY_BOT), get_system_bot(settings.WELCOME_BOT), ]] def fetch_attachment_data(response, realm_id, message_ids): # type: (TableData, int, Set[int]) -> None filter_args = {'realm_id': realm_id} query = Attachment.objects.filter(**filter_args) response['zerver_attachment'] = make_raw(list(query)) floatify_datetime_fields(response, 'zerver_attachment') ''' We usually export most messages for the realm, but not quite ALL messages for the realm. So, we need to clean up our attachment data to have correct values for response['zerver_attachment'][]['messages']. ''' for row in response['zerver_attachment']: filterer_message_ids = set(row['messages']).intersection(message_ids) row['messages'] = sorted(list(filterer_message_ids)) ''' Attachments can be connected to multiple messages, although it's most common to have just one message. Regardless, if none of those message(s) survived the filtering above for a particular attachment, then we won't export the attachment row. ''' response['zerver_attachment'] = [ row for row in response['zerver_attachment'] if row['messages']] def fetch_huddle_objects(response, config, context): # type: (TableData, Config, Context) -> None realm = context['realm'] assert config.parent is not None assert config.parent.table is not None user_profile_ids = set(r['id'] for r in response[config.parent.table]) # First we get all huddles involving someone in the realm. realm_huddle_subs = Subscription.objects.select_related("recipient").filter(recipient__type=Recipient.HUDDLE, user_profile__in=user_profile_ids) realm_huddle_recipient_ids = set(sub.recipient_id for sub in realm_huddle_subs) # Mark all Huddles whose recipient ID contains a cross-realm user. unsafe_huddle_recipient_ids = set() for sub in Subscription.objects.select_related().filter(recipient__in=realm_huddle_recipient_ids): if sub.user_profile.realm != realm: # In almost every case the other realm will be zulip.com unsafe_huddle_recipient_ids.add(sub.recipient_id) # Now filter down to just those huddles that are entirely within the realm. # # This is important for ensuring that the User objects needed # to import it on the other end exist (since we're only # exporting the users from this realm), at the cost of losing # some of these cross-realm messages. huddle_subs = [sub for sub in realm_huddle_subs if sub.recipient_id not in unsafe_huddle_recipient_ids] huddle_recipient_ids = set(sub.recipient_id for sub in huddle_subs) huddle_ids = set(sub.recipient.type_id for sub in huddle_subs) huddle_subscription_dicts = make_raw(huddle_subs) huddle_recipients = make_raw(Recipient.objects.filter(id__in=huddle_recipient_ids)) response['_huddle_recipient'] = huddle_recipients response['_huddle_subscription'] = huddle_subscription_dicts response['zerver_huddle'] = make_raw(Huddle.objects.filter(id__in=huddle_ids)) def fetch_usermessages(realm, message_ids, user_profile_ids, message_filename): # type: (Realm, Set[int], Set[int], Path) -> List[Record] # UserMessage export security rule: You can export UserMessages # for the messages you exported for the users in your realm. user_message_query = UserMessage.objects.filter(user_profile__realm=realm, message_id__in=message_ids) user_message_chunk = [] for user_message in user_message_query: if user_message.user_profile_id not in user_profile_ids: continue user_message_obj = model_to_dict(user_message) user_message_obj['flags_mask'] = user_message.flags.mask del user_message_obj['flags'] user_message_chunk.append(user_message_obj) logging.info("Fetched UserMessages for %s" % (message_filename,)) return user_message_chunk def export_usermessages_batch(input_path, output_path): # type: (Path, Path) -> None """As part of the system for doing parallel exports, this runs on one batch of Message objects and adds the corresponding UserMessage objects. (This is called by the export_usermessage_batch management command).""" with open(input_path, "r") as input_file: output = ujson.loads(input_file.read()) message_ids = [item['id'] for item in output['zerver_message']] user_profile_ids = set(output['zerver_userprofile_ids']) del output['zerver_userprofile_ids'] realm = Realm.objects.get(id=output['realm_id']) del output['realm_id'] output['zerver_usermessage'] = fetch_usermessages(realm, set(message_ids), user_profile_ids, output_path) write_message_export(output_path, output) os.unlink(input_path) def write_message_export(message_filename, output): # type: (Path, MessageOutput) -> None write_data_to_file(output_file=message_filename, data=output) logging.info("Dumped to %s" % (message_filename,)) def export_partial_message_files(realm, response, chunk_size=1000, output_dir=None): # type: (Realm, TableData, int, Path) -> Set[int] if output_dir is None: output_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="zulip-export") def get_ids(records): # type: (List[Record]) -> Set[int] return set(x['id'] for x in records) # Basic security rule: You can export everything either... # - sent by someone in your exportable_user_ids # OR # - received by someone in your exportable_user_ids (which # equates to a recipient object we are exporting) # # TODO: In theory, you should be able to export messages in # cross-realm PM threads; currently, this only exports cross-realm # messages received by your realm that were sent by Zulip system # bots (e.g. emailgateway, notification-bot). # Here, "we" and "us" refers to the inner circle of users who # were specified as being allowed to be exported. "Them" # refers to other users. user_ids_for_us = get_ids( response['zerver_userprofile'] ) recipient_ids_for_us = get_ids(response['zerver_recipient']) ids_of_our_possible_senders = get_ids( response['zerver_userprofile'] + response['zerver_userprofile_mirrordummy'] + response['zerver_userprofile_crossrealm']) ids_of_non_exported_possible_recipients = ids_of_our_possible_senders - user_ids_for_us recipients_for_them = Recipient.objects.filter( type=Recipient.PERSONAL, type_id__in=ids_of_non_exported_possible_recipients).values("id") recipient_ids_for_them = get_ids(recipients_for_them) # We capture most messages here, since the # recipients we subscribe to are also the # recipients of most messages we send. messages_we_received = Message.objects.filter( sender__in=ids_of_our_possible_senders, recipient__in=recipient_ids_for_us, ).order_by('id') # This should pick up stragglers; messages we sent # where we the recipient wasn't subscribed to by any of # us (such as PMs to "them"). messages_we_sent_to_them = Message.objects.filter( sender__in=user_ids_for_us, recipient__in=recipient_ids_for_them, ).order_by('id') message_queries = [ messages_we_received, messages_we_sent_to_them ] all_message_ids = set() # type: Set[int] dump_file_id = 1 for message_query in message_queries: dump_file_id = write_message_partial_for_query( realm=realm, message_query=message_query, dump_file_id=dump_file_id, all_message_ids=all_message_ids, output_dir=output_dir, chunk_size=chunk_size, user_profile_ids=user_ids_for_us, ) return all_message_ids def write_message_partial_for_query(realm, message_query, dump_file_id, all_message_ids, output_dir, chunk_size, user_profile_ids): # type: (Realm, Any, int, Set[int], Path, int, Set[int]) -> int min_id = -1 while True: actual_query = message_query.filter(id__gt=min_id)[0:chunk_size] message_chunk = make_raw(actual_query) message_ids = set(m['id'] for m in message_chunk) assert len(message_ids.intersection(all_message_ids)) == 0 all_message_ids.update(message_ids) if len(message_chunk) == 0: break # Figure out the name of our shard file. message_filename = os.path.join(output_dir, "messages-%06d.json" % (dump_file_id,)) message_filename += '.partial' logging.info("Fetched Messages for %s" % (message_filename,)) # Clean up our messages. table_data = {} # type: TableData table_data['zerver_message'] = message_chunk floatify_datetime_fields(table_data, 'zerver_message') # Build up our output for the .partial file, which needs # a list of user_profile_ids to search for (as well as # the realm id). output = {} # type: MessageOutput output['zerver_message'] = table_data['zerver_message'] output['zerver_userprofile_ids'] = list(user_profile_ids) output['realm_id'] = realm.id # And write the data. write_message_export(message_filename, output) min_id = max(message_ids) dump_file_id += 1 return dump_file_id def export_uploads_and_avatars(realm, output_dir): # type: (Realm, Path) -> None uploads_output_dir = os.path.join(output_dir, 'uploads') avatars_output_dir = os.path.join(output_dir, 'avatars') for output_dir in (uploads_output_dir, avatars_output_dir): if not os.path.exists(output_dir): os.makedirs(output_dir) if settings.LOCAL_UPLOADS_DIR: # Small installations and developers will usually just store files locally. export_uploads_from_local(realm, local_dir=os.path.join(settings.LOCAL_UPLOADS_DIR, "files"), output_dir=uploads_output_dir) export_avatars_from_local(realm, local_dir=os.path.join(settings.LOCAL_UPLOADS_DIR, "avatars"), output_dir=avatars_output_dir) else: # Some bigger installations will have their data stored on S3. export_files_from_s3(realm, settings.S3_AVATAR_BUCKET, output_dir=avatars_output_dir, processing_avatars=True) export_files_from_s3(realm, settings.S3_AUTH_UPLOADS_BUCKET, output_dir=uploads_output_dir) def export_files_from_s3(realm, bucket_name, output_dir, processing_avatars=False): # type: (Realm, str, Path, bool) -> None conn = S3Connection(settings.S3_KEY, settings.S3_SECRET_KEY) bucket = conn.get_bucket(bucket_name, validate=True) records = [] logging.info("Downloading uploaded files from %s" % (bucket_name)) avatar_hash_values = set() user_ids = set() if processing_avatars: bucket_list = bucket.list() for user_profile in UserProfile.objects.filter(realm=realm): avatar_hash = user_avatar_hash(user_profile.email) avatar_hash_values.add(avatar_hash) avatar_hash_values.add(avatar_hash + ".original") user_ids.add(user_profile.id) else: bucket_list = bucket.list(prefix="%s/" % (realm.id,)) if settings.EMAIL_GATEWAY_BOT is not None: email_gateway_bot = get_system_bot(settings.EMAIL_GATEWAY_BOT) else: email_gateway_bot = None count = 0 for bkey in bucket_list: if processing_avatars and bkey.name not in avatar_hash_values: continue key = bucket.get_key(bkey.name) # This can happen if an email address has moved realms if 'realm_id' in key.metadata and key.metadata['realm_id'] != str(realm.id): if email_gateway_bot is None or key.metadata['user_profile_id'] != str(email_gateway_bot.id): raise Exception("Key metadata problem: %s %s / %s" % (key.name, key.metadata, realm.id)) # Email gateway bot sends messages, potentially including attachments, cross-realm. print("File uploaded by email gateway bot: %s / %s" % (key.name, key.metadata)) elif processing_avatars: if 'user_profile_id' not in key.metadata: raise Exception("Missing user_profile_id in key metadata: %s" % (key.metadata,)) if int(key.metadata['user_profile_id']) not in user_ids: raise Exception("Wrong user_profile_id in key metadata: %s" % (key.metadata,)) elif 'realm_id' not in key.metadata: raise Exception("Missing realm_id in key metadata: %s" % (key.metadata,)) record = dict(s3_path=key.name, bucket=bucket_name, size=key.size, last_modified=key.last_modified, content_type=key.content_type, md5=key.md5) record.update(key.metadata) # A few early avatars don't have 'realm_id' on the object; fix their metadata user_profile = get_user_profile_by_id(record['user_profile_id']) if 'realm_id' not in record: record['realm_id'] = user_profile.realm_id record['user_profile_email'] = user_profile.email if processing_avatars: dirname = output_dir filename = os.path.join(dirname, key.name) record['path'] = key.name else: fields = key.name.split('/') if len(fields) != 3: raise Exception("Suspicious key %s" % (key.name)) dirname = os.path.join(output_dir, fields[1]) filename = os.path.join(dirname, fields[2]) record['path'] = os.path.join(fields[1], fields[2]) if not os.path.exists(dirname): os.makedirs(dirname) key.get_contents_to_filename(filename) records.append(record) count += 1 if (count % 100 == 0): logging.info("Finished %s" % (count,)) with open(os.path.join(output_dir, "records.json"), "w") as records_file: ujson.dump(records, records_file, indent=4) def export_uploads_from_local(realm, local_dir, output_dir): # type: (Realm, Path, Path) -> None count = 0 records = [] for attachment in Attachment.objects.filter(realm_id=realm.id): local_path = os.path.join(local_dir, attachment.path_id) output_path = os.path.join(output_dir, attachment.path_id) mkdir_p(os.path.dirname(output_path)) subprocess.check_call(["cp", "-a", local_path, output_path]) stat = os.stat(local_path) record = dict(realm_id=attachment.realm_id, user_profile_id=attachment.owner.id, user_profile_email=attachment.owner.email, s3_path=attachment.path_id, path=attachment.path_id, size=stat.st_size, last_modified=stat.st_mtime, content_type=None) records.append(record) count += 1 if (count % 100 == 0): logging.info("Finished %s" % (count,)) with open(os.path.join(output_dir, "records.json"), "w") as records_file: ujson.dump(records, records_file, indent=4) def export_avatars_from_local(realm, local_dir, output_dir): # type: (Realm, Path, Path) -> None count = 0 records = [] users = list(UserProfile.objects.filter(realm=realm)) users += [ get_system_bot(settings.NOTIFICATION_BOT), get_system_bot(settings.EMAIL_GATEWAY_BOT), get_system_bot(settings.WELCOME_BOT), ] for user in users: if user.avatar_source == UserProfile.AVATAR_FROM_GRAVATAR: continue avatar_hash = user_avatar_hash(user.email) wildcard = os.path.join(local_dir, avatar_hash + '.*') for local_path in glob.glob(wildcard): logging.info('Copying avatar file for user %s from %s' % ( user.email, local_path)) fn = os.path.basename(local_path) output_path = os.path.join(output_dir, fn) mkdir_p(str(os.path.dirname(output_path))) subprocess.check_call(["cp", "-a", str(local_path), str(output_path)]) stat = os.stat(local_path) record = dict(realm_id=realm.id, user_profile_id=user.id, user_profile_email=user.email, s3_path=fn, path=fn, size=stat.st_size, last_modified=stat.st_mtime, content_type=None) records.append(record) count += 1 if (count % 100 == 0): logging.info("Finished %s" % (count,)) with open(os.path.join(output_dir, "records.json"), "w") as records_file: ujson.dump(records, records_file, indent=4) def do_write_stats_file_for_realm_export(output_dir): # type: (Path) -> None stats_file = os.path.join(output_dir, 'stats.txt') realm_file = os.path.join(output_dir, 'realm.json') attachment_file = os.path.join(output_dir, 'attachment.json') message_files = glob.glob(os.path.join(output_dir, 'messages-*.json')) fns = sorted([attachment_file] + message_files + [realm_file]) logging.info('Writing stats file: %s\n' % (stats_file,)) with open(stats_file, 'w') as f: for fn in fns: f.write(os.path.basename(fn) + '\n') payload = open(fn).read() data = ujson.loads(payload) for k in sorted(data): f.write('%5d %s\n' % (len(data[k]), k)) f.write('\n') avatar_file = os.path.join(output_dir, 'avatars/records.json') uploads_file = os.path.join(output_dir, 'uploads/records.json') for fn in [avatar_file, uploads_file]: f.write(fn+'\n') payload = open(fn).read() data = ujson.loads(payload) f.write('%5d records\n' % len(data)) f.write('\n') def do_export_realm(realm, output_dir, threads, exportable_user_ids=None): # type: (Realm, Path, int, Set[int]) -> None response = {} # type: TableData # We need at least one thread running to export # UserMessage rows. The management command should # enforce this for us. if not settings.TEST_SUITE: assert threads >= 1 assert os.path.exists("./manage.py") realm_config = get_realm_config() create_soft_link(source=output_dir, in_progress=True) logging.info("Exporting data from get_realm_config()...") export_from_config( response=response, config=realm_config, seed_object=realm, context=dict(realm=realm, exportable_user_ids=exportable_user_ids) ) logging.info('...DONE with get_realm_config() data') export_file = os.path.join(output_dir, "realm.json") write_data_to_file(output_file=export_file, data=response) sanity_check_output(response) logging.info("Exporting uploaded files and avatars") export_uploads_and_avatars(realm, output_dir) # We (sort of) export zerver_message rows here. We write # them to .partial files that are subsequently fleshed out # by parallel processes to add in zerver_usermessage data. # This is for performance reasons, of course. Some installations # have millions of messages. logging.info("Exporting .partial files messages") message_ids = export_partial_message_files(realm, response, output_dir=output_dir) logging.info('%d messages were exported' % (len(message_ids))) # zerver_attachment export_attachment_table(realm=realm, output_dir=output_dir, message_ids=message_ids) # Start parallel jobs to export the UserMessage objects. launch_user_message_subprocesses(threads=threads, output_dir=output_dir) logging.info("Finished exporting %s" % (realm.string_id)) create_soft_link(source=output_dir, in_progress=False) def export_attachment_table(realm, output_dir, message_ids): # type: (Realm, Path, Set[int]) -> None response = {} # type: TableData fetch_attachment_data(response=response, realm_id=realm.id, message_ids=message_ids) output_file = os.path.join(output_dir, "attachment.json") logging.info('Writing attachment table data to %s' % (output_file,)) write_data_to_file(output_file=output_file, data=response) def create_soft_link(source, in_progress=True): # type: (Path, bool) -> None is_done = not in_progress in_progress_link = '/tmp/zulip-export-in-progress' done_link = '/tmp/zulip-export-most-recent' if in_progress: new_target = in_progress_link else: subprocess.check_call(['rm', '-f', in_progress_link]) new_target = done_link subprocess.check_call(["ln", "-nsf", source, new_target]) if is_done: logging.info('See %s for output files' % (new_target,)) def launch_user_message_subprocesses(threads, output_dir): # type: (int, Path) -> None logging.info('Launching %d PARALLEL subprocesses to export UserMessage rows' % (threads,)) def run_job(shard): # type: (str) -> int subprocess.call(["./manage.py", 'export_usermessage_batch', '--path', str(output_dir), '--thread', shard]) return 0 for (status, job) in run_parallel(run_job, [str(x) for x in range(0, threads)], threads=threads): print("Shard %s finished, status %s" % (job, status)) def do_export_user(user_profile, output_dir): # type: (UserProfile, Path) -> None response = {} # type: TableData export_single_user(user_profile, response) export_file = os.path.join(output_dir, "user.json") write_data_to_file(output_file=export_file, data=response) logging.info("Exporting messages") export_messages_single_user(user_profile, output_dir) def export_single_user(user_profile, response): # type: (UserProfile, TableData) -> None config = get_single_user_config() export_from_config( response=response, config=config, seed_object=user_profile, ) def get_single_user_config(): # type: () -> Config # zerver_userprofile user_profile_config = Config( table='zerver_userprofile', is_seeded=True, exclude=['password', 'api_key'], ) # zerver_subscription subscription_config = Config( table='zerver_subscription', model=Subscription, normal_parent=user_profile_config, parent_key='user_profile__in', ) # zerver_recipient recipient_config = Config( table='zerver_recipient', model=Recipient, virtual_parent=subscription_config, id_source=('zerver_subscription', 'recipient'), ) # zerver_stream Config( table='zerver_stream', model=Stream, virtual_parent=recipient_config, id_source=('zerver_recipient', 'type_id'), source_filter=lambda r: r['type'] == Recipient.STREAM, exclude=['email_token'], ) return user_profile_config def export_messages_single_user(user_profile, output_dir, chunk_size=1000): # type: (UserProfile, Path, int) -> None user_message_query = UserMessage.objects.filter(user_profile=user_profile).order_by("id") min_id = -1 dump_file_id = 1 while True: actual_query = user_message_query.select_related("message", "message__sending_client").filter(id__gt=min_id)[0:chunk_size] user_message_chunk = [um for um in actual_query] user_message_ids = set(um.id for um in user_message_chunk) if len(user_message_chunk) == 0: break message_chunk = [] for user_message in user_message_chunk: item = model_to_dict(user_message.message) item['flags'] = user_message.flags_list() item['flags_mask'] = user_message.flags.mask # Add a few nice, human-readable details item['sending_client_name'] = user_message.message.sending_client.name item['display_recipient'] = get_display_recipient(user_message.message.recipient) message_chunk.append(item) message_filename = os.path.join(output_dir, "messages-%06d.json" % (dump_file_id,)) logging.info("Fetched Messages for %s" % (message_filename,)) output = {'zerver_message': message_chunk} floatify_datetime_fields(output, 'zerver_message') write_message_export(message_filename, output) min_id = max(user_message_ids) dump_file_id += 1 # Code from here is the realm import code path # id_maps is a dictionary that maps table names to dictionaries # that map old ids to new ids. We use this in # re_map_foreign_keys and other places. # # We explicity initialize id_maps with the tables that support # id re-mapping. # # Code reviewers: give these tables extra scrutiny, as we need to # make sure to reload related tables AFTER we re-map the ids. id_maps = { 'client': {}, 'user_profile': {}, } # type: Dict[str, Dict[int, int]] def update_id_map(table, old_id, new_id): # type: (TableName, int, int) -> None if table not in id_maps: raise Exception(''' Table %s is not initialized in id_maps, which could mean that we have not thought through circular dependencies. ''' % (table,)) id_maps[table][old_id] = new_id def fix_datetime_fields(data, table): # type: (TableData, TableName) -> None for item in data[table]: for field_name in DATE_FIELDS[table]: if item[field_name] is not None: item[field_name] = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(item[field_name], tz=timezone_utc) def convert_to_id_fields(data, table, field_name): # type: (TableData, TableName, Field) -> None ''' When Django gives us dict objects via model_to_dict, the foreign key fields are `foo`, but we want `foo_id` for the bulk insert. This function handles the simple case where we simply rename the fields. For cases where we need to munge ids in the database, see re_map_foreign_keys. ''' for item in data[table]: item[field_name + "_id"] = item[field_name] del item[field_name] def re_map_foreign_keys(data, table, field_name, related_table, verbose=False): # type: (TableData, TableName, Field, TableName, bool) -> None ''' We occasionally need to assign new ids to rows during the import/export process, to accommodate things like existing rows already being in tables. See bulk_import_client for more context. The tricky part is making sure that foreign key references are in sync with the new ids, and this fixer function does the re-mapping. (It also appends `_id` to the field.) ''' lookup_table = id_maps[related_table] for item in data[table]: old_id = item[field_name] if old_id in lookup_table: new_id = lookup_table[old_id] if verbose: logging.info('Remapping %s%s from %s to %s' % (table, field_name + '_id', old_id, new_id)) else: new_id = old_id item[field_name + "_id"] = new_id del item[field_name] def fix_bitfield_keys(data, table, field_name): # type: (TableData, TableName, Field) -> None for item in data[table]: item[field_name] = item[field_name + '_mask'] del item[field_name + '_mask'] def bulk_import_model(data, model, table, dump_file_id=None): # type: (TableData, Any, TableName, str) -> None # TODO, deprecate dump_file_id model.objects.bulk_create(model(**item) for item in data[table]) if dump_file_id is None: logging.info("Successfully imported %s from %s." % (model, table)) else: logging.info("Successfully imported %s from %s[%s]." % (model, table, dump_file_id)) # Client is a table shared by multiple realms, so in order to # correctly import multiple realms into the same server, we need to # check if a Client object already exists, and so we need to support # remap all Client IDs to the values in the new DB. def bulk_import_client(data, model, table): # type: (TableData, Any, TableName) -> None for item in data[table]: try: client = Client.objects.get(name=item['name']) except Client.DoesNotExist: client = Client.objects.create(name=item['name']) update_id_map(table='client', old_id=item['id'], new_id=client.id) def import_uploads_local(import_dir, processing_avatars=False): # type: (Path, bool) -> None records_filename = os.path.join(import_dir, "records.json") with open(records_filename) as records_file: records = ujson.loads(records_file.read()) for record in records: if processing_avatars: # For avatars, we need to rehash the user's email with the # new server's avatar salt avatar_hash = user_avatar_hash(record['user_profile_email']) file_path = os.path.join(settings.LOCAL_UPLOADS_DIR, "avatars", avatar_hash) if record['s3_path'].endswith('.original'): file_path += '.original' else: file_path += '.png' else: file_path = os.path.join(settings.LOCAL_UPLOADS_DIR, "files", record['s3_path']) orig_file_path = os.path.join(import_dir, record['path']) if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(file_path)): subprocess.check_call(["mkdir", "-p", os.path.dirname(file_path)]) shutil.copy(orig_file_path, file_path) def import_uploads_s3(bucket_name, import_dir, processing_avatars=False): # type: (str, Path, bool) -> None conn = S3Connection(settings.S3_KEY, settings.S3_SECRET_KEY) bucket = conn.get_bucket(bucket_name, validate=True) records_filename = os.path.join(import_dir, "records.json") with open(records_filename) as records_file: records = ujson.loads(records_file.read()) for record in records: key = Key(bucket) if processing_avatars: # For avatars, we need to rehash the user's email with the # new server's avatar salt avatar_hash = user_avatar_hash(record['user_profile_email']) key.key = avatar_hash if record['s3_path'].endswith('.original'): key.key += '.original' else: key.key = record['s3_path'] user_profile_id = int(record['user_profile_id']) # Support email gateway bot and other cross-realm messages if user_profile_id in id_maps["user_profile"]: logging.info("Uploaded by ID mapped user: %s!" % (user_profile_id,)) user_profile_id = id_maps["user_profile"][user_profile_id] user_profile = get_user_profile_by_id(user_profile_id) key.set_metadata("user_profile_id", str(user_profile.id)) key.set_metadata("realm_id", str(user_profile.realm_id)) key.set_metadata("orig_last_modified", record['last_modified']) headers = {u'Content-Type': record['content_type']} key.set_contents_from_filename(os.path.join(import_dir, record['path']), headers=headers) def import_uploads(import_dir, processing_avatars=False): # type: (Path, bool) -> None if processing_avatars: logging.info("Importing avatars") else: logging.info("Importing uploaded files") if settings.LOCAL_UPLOADS_DIR: import_uploads_local(import_dir, processing_avatars=processing_avatars) else: if processing_avatars: bucket_name = settings.S3_AVATAR_BUCKET else: bucket_name = settings.S3_AUTH_UPLOADS_BUCKET import_uploads_s3(bucket_name, import_dir, processing_avatars=processing_avatars) # Importing data suffers from a difficult ordering problem because of # models that reference each other circularly. Here is a correct order. # # * Client [no deps] # * Realm [-notifications_stream] # * Stream [only depends on realm] # * Realm's notifications_stream # * Now can do all realm_tables # * UserProfile, in order by ID to avoid bot loop issues # * Huddle # * Recipient # * Subscription # * Message # * UserMessage # # Because the Python object => JSON conversion process is not fully # faithful, we have to use a set of fixers (e.g. on DateTime objects # and Foreign Keys) to do the import correctly. def do_import_realm(import_dir): # type: (Path) -> None logging.info("Importing realm dump %s" % (import_dir,)) if not os.path.exists(import_dir): raise Exception("Missing import directory!") realm_data_filename = os.path.join(import_dir, "realm.json") if not os.path.exists(realm_data_filename): raise Exception("Missing realm.json file!") logging.info("Importing realm data from %s" % (realm_data_filename,)) with open(realm_data_filename) as f: data = ujson.load(f) convert_to_id_fields(data, 'zerver_realm', 'notifications_stream') fix_datetime_fields(data, 'zerver_realm') realm = Realm(**data['zerver_realm'][0]) if realm.notifications_stream_id is not None: notifications_stream_id = int(realm.notifications_stream_id) # type: Optional[int] else: notifications_stream_id = None realm.notifications_stream_id = None realm.save() bulk_import_client(data, Client, 'zerver_client') # Email tokens will automatically be randomly generated when the # Stream objects are created by Django. fix_datetime_fields(data, 'zerver_stream') convert_to_id_fields(data, 'zerver_stream', 'realm') bulk_import_model(data, Stream, 'zerver_stream') realm.notifications_stream_id = notifications_stream_id realm.save() convert_to_id_fields(data, "zerver_defaultstream", 'stream') for (table, model) in realm_tables: convert_to_id_fields(data, table, 'realm') bulk_import_model(data, model, table) # Remap the user IDs for notification_bot and friends to their # appropriate IDs on this server for item in data['zerver_userprofile_crossrealm']: logging.info("Adding to ID map: %s %s" % (item['id'], get_system_bot(item['email']).id)) new_user_id = get_system_bot(item['email']).id update_id_map(table='user_profile', old_id=item['id'], new_id=new_user_id) # Merge in zerver_userprofile_mirrordummy data['zerver_userprofile'] = data['zerver_userprofile'] + data['zerver_userprofile_mirrordummy'] del data['zerver_userprofile_mirrordummy'] data['zerver_userprofile'].sort(key=lambda r: r['id']) fix_datetime_fields(data, 'zerver_userprofile') convert_to_id_fields(data, 'zerver_userprofile', 'realm') re_map_foreign_keys(data, 'zerver_userprofile', 'bot_owner', related_table="user_profile") convert_to_id_fields(data, 'zerver_userprofile', 'default_sending_stream') convert_to_id_fields(data, 'zerver_userprofile', 'default_events_register_stream') for user_profile_dict in data['zerver_userprofile']: user_profile_dict['password'] = None user_profile_dict['api_key'] = random_api_key() # Since Zulip doesn't use these permissions, drop them del user_profile_dict['user_permissions'] del user_profile_dict['groups'] user_profiles = [UserProfile(**item) for item in data['zerver_userprofile']] for user_profile in user_profiles: user_profile.set_unusable_password() UserProfile.objects.bulk_create(user_profiles) if 'zerver_huddle' in data: bulk_import_model(data, Huddle, 'zerver_huddle') bulk_import_model(data, Recipient, 'zerver_recipient') re_map_foreign_keys(data, 'zerver_subscription', 'user_profile', related_table="user_profile") convert_to_id_fields(data, 'zerver_subscription', 'recipient') bulk_import_model(data, Subscription, 'zerver_subscription') fix_datetime_fields(data, 'zerver_userpresence') re_map_foreign_keys(data, 'zerver_userpresence', 'user_profile', related_table="user_profile") re_map_foreign_keys(data, 'zerver_userpresence', 'client', related_table='client') bulk_import_model(data, UserPresence, 'zerver_userpresence') fix_datetime_fields(data, 'zerver_useractivity') re_map_foreign_keys(data, 'zerver_useractivity', 'user_profile', related_table="user_profile") re_map_foreign_keys(data, 'zerver_useractivity', 'client', related_table='client') bulk_import_model(data, UserActivity, 'zerver_useractivity') fix_datetime_fields(data, 'zerver_useractivityinterval') re_map_foreign_keys(data, 'zerver_useractivityinterval', 'user_profile', related_table="user_profile") bulk_import_model(data, UserActivityInterval, 'zerver_useractivityinterval') # Import uploaded files and avatars import_uploads(os.path.join(import_dir, "avatars"), processing_avatars=True) import_uploads(os.path.join(import_dir, "uploads")) # Import zerver_message and zerver_usermessage import_message_data(import_dir) # Do attachments AFTER message data is loaded. # TODO: de-dup how we read these json files. fn = os.path.join(import_dir, "attachment.json") if not os.path.exists(fn): raise Exception("Missing attachment.json file!") logging.info("Importing attachment data from %s" % (fn,)) with open(fn) as f: data = ujson.load(f) import_attachments(data) def import_message_data(import_dir): # type: (Path) -> None dump_file_id = 1 while True: message_filename = os.path.join(import_dir, "messages-%06d.json" % (dump_file_id,)) if not os.path.exists(message_filename): break with open(message_filename) as f: data = ujson.load(f) logging.info("Importing message dump %s" % (message_filename,)) re_map_foreign_keys(data, 'zerver_message', 'sender', related_table="user_profile") convert_to_id_fields(data, 'zerver_message', 'recipient') re_map_foreign_keys(data, 'zerver_message', 'sending_client', related_table='client') fix_datetime_fields(data, 'zerver_message') bulk_import_model(data, Message, 'zerver_message') # Due to the structure of these message chunks, we're # guaranteed to have already imported all the Message objects # for this batch of UserMessage objects. convert_to_id_fields(data, 'zerver_usermessage', 'message') re_map_foreign_keys(data, 'zerver_usermessage', 'user_profile', related_table="user_profile") fix_bitfield_keys(data, 'zerver_usermessage', 'flags') bulk_import_model(data, UserMessage, 'zerver_usermessage') dump_file_id += 1 def import_attachments(data): # type: (TableData) -> None # Clean up the data in zerver_attachment that is not # relevant to our many-to-many import. fix_datetime_fields(data, 'zerver_attachment') re_map_foreign_keys(data, 'zerver_attachment', 'owner', related_table="user_profile") convert_to_id_fields(data, 'zerver_attachment', 'realm') # Configure ourselves. Django models many-to-many (m2m) # relations asymmetrically. The parent here refers to the # Model that has the ManyToManyField. It is assumed here # the child models have been loaded, but we are in turn # responsible for loading the parents and the m2m rows. parent_model = Attachment parent_db_table_name = 'zerver_attachment' parent_singular = 'attachment' child_singular = 'message' child_plural = 'messages' m2m_table_name = 'zerver_attachment_messages' parent_id = 'attachment_id' child_id = 'message_id' # First, build our list of many-to-many (m2m) rows. # We do this in a slightly convoluted way to anticipate # a future where we may need to call re_map_foreign_keys. m2m_rows = [] # type: List[Record] for parent_row in data[parent_db_table_name]: for fk_id in parent_row[child_plural]: m2m_row = {} # type: Record m2m_row[parent_singular] = parent_row['id'] m2m_row[child_singular] = fk_id m2m_rows.append(m2m_row) # Create our table data for insert. m2m_data = {m2m_table_name: m2m_rows} # type: TableData convert_to_id_fields(m2m_data, m2m_table_name, parent_singular) convert_to_id_fields(m2m_data, m2m_table_name, child_singular) m2m_rows = m2m_data[m2m_table_name] # Next, delete out our child data from the parent rows. for parent_row in data[parent_db_table_name]: del parent_row[child_plural] # Next, load the parent rows. bulk_import_model(data, parent_model, parent_db_table_name) # Now, go back to our m2m rows. # TODO: Do this the kosher Django way. We may find a # better way to do this in Django 1.9 particularly. with connection.cursor() as cursor: sql_template = ''' insert into %s (%s, %s) values(%%s, %%s);''' % (m2m_table_name, parent_id, child_id) tups = [(row[parent_id], row[child_id]) for row in m2m_rows] cursor.executemany(sql_template, tups) logging.info('Successfully imported M2M table %s' % (m2m_table_name,))