from typing import Any, Dict, Mapping, Optional, Tuple, Text

from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _
from django.conf import settings
from django.template.defaultfilters import slugify
from django.core.files import File
from django.http import HttpRequest
from django.db.models import Sum
from jinja2 import Markup as mark_safe
import unicodedata

from zerver.lib.avatar_hash import user_avatar_path
from zerver.lib.exceptions import JsonableError, ErrorCode
from zerver.lib.str_utils import force_text, force_str, NonBinaryStr

from boto.s3.bucket import Bucket
from boto.s3.key import Key
from boto.s3.connection import S3Connection
from mimetypes import guess_type, guess_extension

from zerver.lib.str_utils import force_bytes, force_str
from zerver.models import get_user_profile_by_id, RealmEmoji
from zerver.models import Attachment
from zerver.models import Realm, RealmEmoji, UserProfile, Message

import urllib
import base64
import os
import re
from PIL import Image, ImageOps
from six import binary_type
import io
import random
import logging

DEFAULT_AVATAR_SIZE = 100
MEDIUM_AVATAR_SIZE = 500
DEFAULT_EMOJI_SIZE = 64

# Performance Note:
#
# For writing files to S3, the file could either be stored in RAM
# (if it is less than 2.5MiB or so) or an actual temporary file on disk.
#
# Because we set FILE_UPLOAD_MAX_MEMORY_SIZE to 0, only the latter case
# should occur in practice.
#
# This is great, because passing the pseudofile object that Django gives
# you to boto would be a pain.

# To come up with a s3 key we randomly generate a "directory". The
# "file name" is the original filename provided by the user run
# through a sanitization function.

attachment_url_re = re.compile('[/\-]user[\-_]uploads[/\.-].*?(?=[ )]|\Z)')

def attachment_url_to_path_id(attachment_url):
    # type: (Text) -> Text
    path_id_raw = re.sub('[/\-]user[\-_]uploads[/\.-]', '', attachment_url)
    # Remove any extra '.' after file extension. These are probably added by the user
    return re.sub('[.]+$', '', path_id_raw, re.M)

def sanitize_name(raw_value):
    # type: (NonBinaryStr) -> Text
    """
    Sanitizes a value to be safe to store in a Linux filesystem, in
    S3, and in a URL.  So unicode is allowed, but not special
    characters other than ".", "-", and "_".

    This implementation is based on django.utils.text.slugify; it is
    modified by:
    * hardcoding allow_unicode=True.
    * adding '.' and '_' to the list of allowed characters.
    * preserving the case of the value.
    """
    value = force_text(raw_value)
    value = unicodedata.normalize('NFKC', value)
    value = re.sub('[^\w\s._-]', '', value, flags=re.U).strip()
    return mark_safe(re.sub('[-\s]+', '-', value, flags=re.U))

def random_name(bytes=60):
    # type: (int) -> Text
    return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(os.urandom(bytes)).decode('utf-8')

class BadImageError(JsonableError):
    code = ErrorCode.BAD_IMAGE

class ExceededQuotaError(JsonableError):
    code = ErrorCode.QUOTA_EXCEEDED

def resize_avatar(image_data, size=DEFAULT_AVATAR_SIZE):
    # type: (binary_type, int) -> binary_type
    try:
        im = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image_data))
        im = ImageOps.fit(im, (size, size), Image.ANTIALIAS)
    except IOError:
        raise BadImageError("Could not decode image; did you upload an image file?")
    out = io.BytesIO()
    im.save(out, format='png')
    return out.getvalue()


def resize_emoji(image_data, size=DEFAULT_EMOJI_SIZE):
    # type: (binary_type, int) -> binary_type
    try:
        im = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image_data))
        image_format = im.format
        if image_format == 'GIF' and im.is_animated:
            if im.size[0] != im.size[1]:
                raise JsonableError(
                    _("Animated emoji must be have same width and height."))
            elif im.size[0] > size:
                raise JsonableError(
                    _("Animated emoji can't be larger than 64px in width or height."))
            else:
                return image_data
        im = ImageOps.fit(im, (size, size), Image.ANTIALIAS)
    except IOError:
        raise BadImageError("Could not decode image; did you upload an image file?")
    out = io.BytesIO()
    im.save(out, format=image_format)
    return out.getvalue()


### Common

class ZulipUploadBackend:
    def upload_message_image(self, uploaded_file_name, uploaded_file_size,
                             content_type, file_data, user_profile, target_realm=None):
        # type: (Text, int, Optional[Text], binary_type, UserProfile, Optional[Realm]) -> Text
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def upload_avatar_image(self, user_file, acting_user_profile, target_user_profile):
        # type: (File, UserProfile, UserProfile) -> None
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def delete_message_image(self, path_id):
        # type: (Text) -> bool
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def get_avatar_url(self, hash_key, medium=False):
        # type: (Text, bool) -> Text
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def ensure_medium_avatar_image(self, user_profile):
        # type: (UserProfile) -> None
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def upload_realm_icon_image(self, icon_file, user_profile):
        # type: (File, UserProfile) -> None
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def get_realm_icon_url(self, realm_id, version):
        # type: (int, int) -> Text
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def upload_emoji_image(self, emoji_file, emoji_file_name, user_profile):
        # type: (File, Text, UserProfile) -> None
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def get_emoji_url(self, emoji_file_name, realm_id):
        # type: (Text, int) -> Text
        raise NotImplementedError()


### S3

def get_bucket(conn, bucket_name):
    # type: (S3Connection, Text) -> Bucket
    # Calling get_bucket() with validate=True can apparently lead
    # to expensive S3 bills:
    #    http://www.appneta.com/blog/s3-list-get-bucket-default/
    # The benefits of validation aren't completely clear to us, and
    # we want to save on our bills, so we set the validate flag to False.
    # (We think setting validate to True would cause us to fail faster
    #  in situations where buckets don't exist, but that shouldn't be
    #  an issue for us.)
    bucket = conn.get_bucket(bucket_name, validate=False)
    return bucket

def upload_image_to_s3(
        bucket_name,
        file_name,
        content_type,
        user_profile,
        contents):
    # type: (NonBinaryStr, Text, Optional[Text], UserProfile, binary_type) -> None

    conn = S3Connection(settings.S3_KEY, settings.S3_SECRET_KEY)
    bucket = get_bucket(conn, bucket_name)
    key = Key(bucket)
    key.key = force_str(file_name)
    key.set_metadata("user_profile_id", str(user_profile.id))
    key.set_metadata("realm_id", str(user_profile.realm_id))

    if content_type is not None:
        headers = {'Content-Type': content_type}  # type: Optional[Dict[Text, Text]]
    else:
        headers = None

    key.set_contents_from_string(contents, headers=headers)  # type: ignore # https://github.com/python/typeshed/issues/1552

def get_total_uploads_size_for_user(user):
    # type: (UserProfile) -> int
    uploads = Attachment.objects.filter(owner=user)
    total_quota = uploads.aggregate(Sum('size'))['size__sum']

    # In case user has no uploads
    if (total_quota is None):
        total_quota = 0
    return total_quota

def within_upload_quota(user, uploaded_file_size):
    # type: (UserProfile, int) -> bool
    total_quota = get_total_uploads_size_for_user(user)
    if (total_quota + uploaded_file_size > user.quota):
        return False
    else:
        return True

def get_file_info(request, user_file):
    # type: (HttpRequest, File) -> Tuple[Text, int, Optional[Text]]

    uploaded_file_name = user_file.name
    assert isinstance(uploaded_file_name, str)

    content_type = request.GET.get('mimetype')
    if content_type is None:
        guessed_type = guess_type(uploaded_file_name)[0]
        if guessed_type is not None:
            content_type = force_text(guessed_type)
    else:
        extension = guess_extension(content_type)
        if extension is not None:
            uploaded_file_name = uploaded_file_name + extension

    uploaded_file_name = urllib.parse.unquote(uploaded_file_name)
    uploaded_file_size = user_file.size

    return uploaded_file_name, uploaded_file_size, content_type


def get_signed_upload_url(path):
    # type: (Text) -> Text
    conn = S3Connection(settings.S3_KEY, settings.S3_SECRET_KEY)
    return force_text(conn.generate_url(15, 'GET', bucket=settings.S3_AUTH_UPLOADS_BUCKET, key=force_str(path)))

def get_realm_for_filename(path):
    # type: (Text) -> Optional[int]
    conn = S3Connection(settings.S3_KEY, settings.S3_SECRET_KEY)
    key = get_bucket(conn, settings.S3_AUTH_UPLOADS_BUCKET).get_key(path)
    if key is None:
        # This happens if the key does not exist.
        return None
    return get_user_profile_by_id(key.metadata["user_profile_id"]).realm_id


class S3UploadBackend(ZulipUploadBackend):

    def upload_message_image(self, uploaded_file_name, uploaded_file_size,
                             content_type, file_data, user_profile, target_realm=None):
        # type: (Text, int, Optional[Text], binary_type, UserProfile, Optional[Realm]) -> Text
        bucket_name = settings.S3_AUTH_UPLOADS_BUCKET
        if target_realm is None:
            target_realm = user_profile.realm
        s3_file_name = "/".join([
            str(target_realm.id),
            random_name(18),
            sanitize_name(uploaded_file_name)
        ])
        url = "/user_uploads/%s" % (s3_file_name,)

        upload_image_to_s3(
            bucket_name,
            s3_file_name,
            content_type,
            user_profile,
            file_data
        )

        create_attachment(uploaded_file_name, s3_file_name, user_profile, uploaded_file_size)
        return url

    def delete_message_image(self, path_id):
        # type: (Text) -> bool
        conn = S3Connection(settings.S3_KEY, settings.S3_SECRET_KEY)
        bucket = get_bucket(conn, settings.S3_AUTH_UPLOADS_BUCKET)

        # check if file exists
        key = bucket.get_key(path_id)
        if key is not None:
            bucket.delete_key(key)
            return True

        file_name = path_id.split("/")[-1]
        logging.warning("%s does not exist. Its entry in the database will be removed." % (file_name,))
        return False

    def upload_avatar_image(self, user_file, acting_user_profile, target_user_profile):
        # type: (File, UserProfile, UserProfile) -> None
        content_type = guess_type(user_file.name)[0]
        bucket_name = settings.S3_AVATAR_BUCKET
        s3_file_name = user_avatar_path(target_user_profile)

        image_data = user_file.read()
        upload_image_to_s3(
            bucket_name,
            s3_file_name + ".original",
            content_type,
            target_user_profile,
            image_data,
        )

        # custom 500px wide version
        resized_medium = resize_avatar(image_data, MEDIUM_AVATAR_SIZE)
        upload_image_to_s3(
            bucket_name,
            s3_file_name + "-medium.png",
            "image/png",
            target_user_profile,
            resized_medium
        )

        resized_data = resize_avatar(image_data)
        upload_image_to_s3(
            bucket_name,
            s3_file_name,
            'image/png',
            target_user_profile,
            resized_data,
        )
        # See avatar_url in avatar.py for URL.  (That code also handles the case
        # that users use gravatar.)

    def get_avatar_url(self, hash_key, medium=False):
        # type: (Text, bool) -> Text
        bucket = settings.S3_AVATAR_BUCKET
        medium_suffix = "-medium.png" if medium else ""
        # ?x=x allows templates to append additional parameters with &s
        return u"https://%s.s3.amazonaws.com/%s%s?x=x" % (bucket, hash_key, medium_suffix)

    def upload_realm_icon_image(self, icon_file, user_profile):
        # type: (File, UserProfile) -> None
        content_type = guess_type(icon_file.name)[0]
        bucket_name = settings.S3_AVATAR_BUCKET
        s3_file_name = os.path.join(str(user_profile.realm.id), 'realm', 'icon')

        image_data = icon_file.read()
        upload_image_to_s3(
            bucket_name,
            s3_file_name + ".original",
            content_type,
            user_profile,
            image_data,
        )

        resized_data = resize_avatar(image_data)
        upload_image_to_s3(
            bucket_name,
            s3_file_name + ".png",
            'image/png',
            user_profile,
            resized_data,
        )
        # See avatar_url in avatar.py for URL.  (That code also handles the case
        # that users use gravatar.)

    def get_realm_icon_url(self, realm_id, version):
        # type: (int, int) -> Text
        bucket = settings.S3_AVATAR_BUCKET
        # ?x=x allows templates to append additional parameters with &s
        return u"https://%s.s3.amazonaws.com/%s/realm/icon.png?version=%s" % (bucket, realm_id, version)

    def ensure_medium_avatar_image(self, user_profile):
        # type: (UserProfile) -> None
        file_path = user_avatar_path(user_profile)
        s3_file_name = file_path

        bucket_name = settings.S3_AVATAR_BUCKET
        conn = S3Connection(settings.S3_KEY, settings.S3_SECRET_KEY)
        bucket = get_bucket(conn, bucket_name)
        key = bucket.get_key(file_path)
        image_data = force_bytes(key.get_contents_as_string())

        resized_medium = resize_avatar(image_data, MEDIUM_AVATAR_SIZE)
        upload_image_to_s3(
            bucket_name,
            s3_file_name + "-medium.png",
            "image/png",
            user_profile,
            resized_medium
        )

    def upload_emoji_image(self, emoji_file, emoji_file_name, user_profile):
        # type: (File, Text, UserProfile) -> None
        content_type = guess_type(emoji_file.name)[0]
        bucket_name = settings.S3_AVATAR_BUCKET
        emoji_path = RealmEmoji.PATH_ID_TEMPLATE.format(
            realm_id=user_profile.realm_id,
            emoji_file_name=emoji_file_name
        )

        image_data = emoji_file.read()
        resized_image_data = resize_emoji(image_data)
        upload_image_to_s3(
            bucket_name,
            ".".join((emoji_path, "original")),
            content_type,
            user_profile,
            image_data,
        )
        upload_image_to_s3(
            bucket_name,
            emoji_path,
            content_type,
            user_profile,
            resized_image_data,
        )

    def get_emoji_url(self, emoji_file_name, realm_id):
        # type: (Text, int) -> Text
        bucket = settings.S3_AVATAR_BUCKET
        emoji_path = RealmEmoji.PATH_ID_TEMPLATE.format(realm_id=realm_id,
                                                        emoji_file_name=emoji_file_name)
        return u"https://%s.s3.amazonaws.com/%s" % (bucket, emoji_path)


### Local

def mkdirs(path):
    # type: (Text) -> None
    dirname = os.path.dirname(path)
    if not os.path.isdir(dirname):
        os.makedirs(dirname)

def write_local_file(type, path, file_data):
    # type: (Text, Text, binary_type) -> None
    file_path = os.path.join(settings.LOCAL_UPLOADS_DIR, type, path)
    mkdirs(file_path)
    with open(file_path, 'wb') as f:
        f.write(file_data)

def get_local_file_path(path_id):
    # type: (Text) -> Optional[Text]
    local_path = os.path.join(settings.LOCAL_UPLOADS_DIR, 'files', path_id)
    if os.path.isfile(local_path):
        return local_path
    else:
        return None

class LocalUploadBackend(ZulipUploadBackend):
    def upload_message_image(self, uploaded_file_name, uploaded_file_size,
                             content_type, file_data, user_profile, target_realm=None):
        # type: (Text, int, Optional[Text], binary_type, UserProfile, Optional[Realm]) -> Text
        # Split into 256 subdirectories to prevent directories from getting too big
        path = "/".join([
            str(user_profile.realm_id),
            format(random.randint(0, 255), 'x'),
            random_name(18),
            sanitize_name(uploaded_file_name)
        ])

        write_local_file('files', path, file_data)
        create_attachment(uploaded_file_name, path, user_profile, uploaded_file_size)
        return '/user_uploads/' + path

    def delete_message_image(self, path_id):
        # type: (Text) -> bool
        file_path = os.path.join(settings.LOCAL_UPLOADS_DIR, 'files', path_id)
        if os.path.isfile(file_path):
            # This removes the file but the empty folders still remain.
            os.remove(file_path)
            return True

        file_name = path_id.split("/")[-1]
        logging.warning("%s does not exist. Its entry in the database will be removed." % (file_name,))
        return False

    def upload_avatar_image(self, user_file, acting_user_profile, target_user_profile):
        # type: (File, UserProfile, UserProfile) -> None
        file_path = user_avatar_path(target_user_profile)

        image_data = user_file.read()
        write_local_file('avatars', file_path + '.original', image_data)

        resized_data = resize_avatar(image_data)
        write_local_file('avatars', file_path + '.png', resized_data)

        resized_medium = resize_avatar(image_data, MEDIUM_AVATAR_SIZE)
        write_local_file('avatars', file_path + '-medium.png', resized_medium)

    def get_avatar_url(self, hash_key, medium=False):
        # type: (Text, bool) -> Text
        # ?x=x allows templates to append additional parameters with &s
        medium_suffix = "-medium" if medium else ""
        return u"/user_avatars/%s%s.png?x=x" % (hash_key, medium_suffix)

    def upload_realm_icon_image(self, icon_file, user_profile):
        # type: (File, UserProfile) -> None
        upload_path = os.path.join('avatars', str(user_profile.realm.id), 'realm')

        image_data = icon_file.read()
        write_local_file(
            upload_path,
            'icon.original',
            image_data)

        resized_data = resize_avatar(image_data)
        write_local_file(upload_path, 'icon.png', resized_data)

    def get_realm_icon_url(self, realm_id, version):
        # type: (int, int) -> Text
        # ?x=x allows templates to append additional parameters with &s
        return u"/user_avatars/%s/realm/icon.png?version=%s" % (realm_id, version)

    def ensure_medium_avatar_image(self, user_profile):
        # type: (UserProfile) -> None
        file_path = user_avatar_path(user_profile)

        output_path = os.path.join(settings.LOCAL_UPLOADS_DIR, "avatars", file_path + "-medium.png")
        if os.path.isfile(output_path):
            return

        image_path = os.path.join(settings.LOCAL_UPLOADS_DIR, "avatars", file_path + ".original")
        image_data = open(image_path, "rb").read()
        resized_medium = resize_avatar(image_data, MEDIUM_AVATAR_SIZE)
        write_local_file('avatars', file_path + '-medium.png', resized_medium)

    def upload_emoji_image(self, emoji_file, emoji_file_name, user_profile):
        # type: (File, Text, UserProfile) -> None
        emoji_path = RealmEmoji.PATH_ID_TEMPLATE.format(
            realm_id= user_profile.realm_id,
            emoji_file_name=emoji_file_name
        )

        image_data = emoji_file.read()
        resized_image_data = resize_emoji(image_data)
        write_local_file(
            'avatars',
            ".".join((emoji_path, "original")),
            image_data)
        write_local_file(
            'avatars',
            emoji_path,
            resized_image_data)

    def get_emoji_url(self, emoji_file_name, realm_id):
        # type: (Text, int) -> Text
        return os.path.join(
            u"/user_avatars",
            RealmEmoji.PATH_ID_TEMPLATE.format(realm_id=realm_id, emoji_file_name=emoji_file_name))

# Common and wrappers
if settings.LOCAL_UPLOADS_DIR is not None:
    upload_backend = LocalUploadBackend()  # type: ZulipUploadBackend
else:
    upload_backend = S3UploadBackend()

def delete_message_image(path_id):
    # type: (Text) -> bool
    return upload_backend.delete_message_image(path_id)

def upload_avatar_image(user_file, acting_user_profile, target_user_profile):
    # type: (File, UserProfile, UserProfile) -> None
    upload_backend.upload_avatar_image(user_file, acting_user_profile, target_user_profile)

def upload_icon_image(user_file, user_profile):
    # type: (File, UserProfile) -> None
    upload_backend.upload_realm_icon_image(user_file, user_profile)

def upload_emoji_image(emoji_file, emoji_file_name, user_profile):
    # type: (File, Text, UserProfile) -> None
    upload_backend.upload_emoji_image(emoji_file, emoji_file_name, user_profile)

def upload_message_image(uploaded_file_name, uploaded_file_size,
                         content_type, file_data, user_profile, target_realm=None):
    # type: (Text, int, Optional[Text], binary_type, UserProfile, Optional[Realm]) -> Text
    return upload_backend.upload_message_image(uploaded_file_name, uploaded_file_size,
                                               content_type, file_data, user_profile, target_realm=target_realm)

def claim_attachment(user_profile, path_id, message, is_message_realm_public):
    # type: (UserProfile, Text, Message, bool) -> None
    attachment = Attachment.objects.get(path_id=path_id)
    attachment.messages.add(message)
    attachment.is_realm_public = attachment.is_realm_public or is_message_realm_public
    attachment.save()

def create_attachment(file_name, path_id, user_profile, file_size):
    # type: (Text, Text, UserProfile, int) -> bool
    Attachment.objects.create(file_name=file_name, path_id=path_id, owner=user_profile,
                              realm=user_profile.realm, size=file_size)
    return True

def upload_message_image_from_request(request, user_file, user_profile):
    # type: (HttpRequest, File, UserProfile) -> Text
    uploaded_file_name, uploaded_file_size, content_type = get_file_info(request, user_file)
    return upload_message_image(uploaded_file_name, uploaded_file_size,
                                content_type, user_file.read(), user_profile)