import logging
import re
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple

import DNS
from django import forms
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, password_validation
from django.contrib.auth.forms import AuthenticationForm, PasswordResetForm, SetPasswordForm
from django.contrib.auth.tokens import PasswordResetTokenGenerator, default_token_generator
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.core.validators import validate_email
from django.http import HttpRequest
from django.urls import reverse
from django.utils.http import urlsafe_base64_encode
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
from jinja2 import Markup as mark_safe
from two_factor.forms import AuthenticationTokenForm as TwoFactorAuthenticationTokenForm
from two_factor.utils import totp_digits

from zerver.lib.actions import do_change_password, email_not_system_bot
from zerver.lib.email_validation import email_allowed_for_realm
from zerver.lib.name_restrictions import is_disposable_domain, is_reserved_subdomain
from zerver.lib.rate_limiter import RateLimited, RateLimitedObject
from zerver.lib.request import JsonableError
from zerver.lib.send_email import FromAddress, send_email
from zerver.lib.subdomains import get_subdomain, is_root_domain_available
from zerver.lib.users import check_full_name
from zerver.models import (
    DisposableEmailError,
    DomainNotAllowedForRealmError,
    EmailContainsPlusError,
    Realm,
    UserProfile,
    email_to_domain,
    get_realm,
    get_user_by_delivery_email,
)
from zproject.backends import check_password_strength, email_auth_enabled, email_belongs_to_ldap

MIT_VALIDATION_ERROR = (
    "That user does not exist at MIT or is a "
    + '<a href="https://ist.mit.edu/email-lists">mailing list</a>. '
    + "If you want to sign up an alias for Zulip, "
    + '<a href="mailto:support@zulip.com">contact us</a>.'
)
WRONG_SUBDOMAIN_ERROR = (
    "Your Zulip account is not a member of the "
    + "organization associated with this subdomain.  "
    + "Please contact your organization administrator with any questions."
)
DEACTIVATED_ACCOUNT_ERROR = (
    "Your account is no longer active. "
    + "Please contact your organization administrator to reactivate it."
)
PASSWORD_TOO_WEAK_ERROR = "The password is too weak."
AUTHENTICATION_RATE_LIMITED_ERROR = (
    "You're making too many attempts to sign in. "
    + "Try again in {} seconds or contact your organization administrator "
    + "for help."
)


def email_is_not_mit_mailing_list(email: str) -> None:
    """Prevent MIT mailing lists from signing up for Zulip"""
    if "@mit.edu" in email:
        username = email.rsplit("@", 1)[0]
        # Check whether the user exists and can get mail.
        try:
            DNS.dnslookup(f"{username}.pobox.ns.athena.mit.edu", DNS.Type.TXT)
        except DNS.Base.ServerError as e:
            if e.rcode == DNS.Status.NXDOMAIN:
                raise ValidationError(mark_safe(MIT_VALIDATION_ERROR))
            else:
                raise AssertionError("Unexpected DNS error")


def check_subdomain_available(subdomain: str, allow_reserved_subdomain: bool = False) -> None:
    error_strings = {
        "too short": _("Subdomain needs to have length 3 or greater."),
        "extremal dash": _("Subdomain cannot start or end with a '-'."),
        "bad character": _("Subdomain can only have lowercase letters, numbers, and '-'s."),
        "unavailable": _("Subdomain unavailable. Please choose a different one."),
    }

    if subdomain == Realm.SUBDOMAIN_FOR_ROOT_DOMAIN:
        if is_root_domain_available():
            return
        raise ValidationError(error_strings["unavailable"])
    if subdomain[0] == "-" or subdomain[-1] == "-":
        raise ValidationError(error_strings["extremal dash"])
    if not re.match("^[a-z0-9-]*$", subdomain):
        raise ValidationError(error_strings["bad character"])
    if len(subdomain) < 3:
        raise ValidationError(error_strings["too short"])
    if Realm.objects.filter(string_id=subdomain).exists():
        raise ValidationError(error_strings["unavailable"])
    if is_reserved_subdomain(subdomain) and not allow_reserved_subdomain:
        raise ValidationError(error_strings["unavailable"])


class RegistrationForm(forms.Form):
    MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH = 100
    full_name = forms.CharField(max_length=UserProfile.MAX_NAME_LENGTH)
    # The required-ness of the password field gets overridden if it isn't
    # actually required for a realm
    password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput, max_length=MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH)
    realm_subdomain = forms.CharField(max_length=Realm.MAX_REALM_SUBDOMAIN_LENGTH, required=False)

    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        # Since the superclass doesn't except random extra kwargs, we
        # remove it from the kwargs dict before initializing.
        self.realm_creation = kwargs["realm_creation"]
        del kwargs["realm_creation"]

        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        if settings.TERMS_OF_SERVICE:
            self.fields["terms"] = forms.BooleanField(required=True)
        self.fields["realm_name"] = forms.CharField(
            max_length=Realm.MAX_REALM_NAME_LENGTH, required=self.realm_creation
        )

    def clean_full_name(self) -> str:
        try:
            return check_full_name(self.cleaned_data["full_name"])
        except JsonableError as e:
            raise ValidationError(e.msg)

    def clean_password(self) -> str:
        password = self.cleaned_data["password"]
        if self.fields["password"].required and not check_password_strength(password):
            # The frontend code tries to stop the user from submitting the form with a weak password,
            # but if the user bypasses that protection, this error code path will run.
            raise ValidationError(mark_safe(PASSWORD_TOO_WEAK_ERROR))

        return password

    def clean_realm_subdomain(self) -> str:
        if not self.realm_creation:
            # This field is only used if realm_creation
            return ""

        subdomain = self.cleaned_data["realm_subdomain"]
        if "realm_in_root_domain" in self.data:
            subdomain = Realm.SUBDOMAIN_FOR_ROOT_DOMAIN

        check_subdomain_available(subdomain)
        return subdomain


class ToSForm(forms.Form):
    terms = forms.BooleanField(required=True)


class HomepageForm(forms.Form):
    email = forms.EmailField()

    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        self.realm = kwargs.pop("realm", None)
        self.from_multiuse_invite = kwargs.pop("from_multiuse_invite", False)
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def clean_email(self) -> str:
        """Returns the email if and only if the user's email address is
        allowed to join the realm they are trying to join."""
        email = self.cleaned_data["email"]

        # Otherwise, the user is trying to join a specific realm.
        realm = self.realm
        from_multiuse_invite = self.from_multiuse_invite

        if realm is None:
            raise ValidationError(
                _("The organization you are trying to join using {email} does not exist.").format(
                    email=email
                )
            )

        if not from_multiuse_invite and realm.invite_required:
            raise ValidationError(
                _(
                    "Please request an invite for {email} "
                    "from the organization "
                    "administrator."
                ).format(email=email)
            )

        try:
            email_allowed_for_realm(email, realm)
        except DomainNotAllowedForRealmError:
            raise ValidationError(
                _(
                    "Your email address, {email}, is not in one of the domains "
                    "that are allowed to register for accounts in this organization."
                ).format(string_id=realm.string_id, email=email)
            )
        except DisposableEmailError:
            raise ValidationError(_("Please use your real email address."))
        except EmailContainsPlusError:
            raise ValidationError(
                _("Email addresses containing + are not allowed in this organization.")
            )

        if realm.is_zephyr_mirror_realm:
            email_is_not_mit_mailing_list(email)

        return email


def email_is_not_disposable(email: str) -> None:
    if is_disposable_domain(email_to_domain(email)):
        raise ValidationError(_("Please use your real email address."))


class RealmCreationForm(forms.Form):
    # This form determines whether users can create a new realm.
    email = forms.EmailField(validators=[email_not_system_bot, email_is_not_disposable])


class LoggingSetPasswordForm(SetPasswordForm):
    new_password1 = forms.CharField(
        label=_("New password"),
        widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"autocomplete": "new-password"}),
        strip=False,
        help_text=password_validation.password_validators_help_text_html(),
        max_length=RegistrationForm.MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH,
    )
    new_password2 = forms.CharField(
        label=_("New password confirmation"),
        strip=False,
        widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"autocomplete": "new-password"}),
        max_length=RegistrationForm.MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH,
    )

    def clean_new_password1(self) -> str:
        new_password = self.cleaned_data["new_password1"]
        if not check_password_strength(new_password):
            # The frontend code tries to stop the user from submitting the form with a weak password,
            # but if the user bypasses that protection, this error code path will run.
            raise ValidationError(PASSWORD_TOO_WEAK_ERROR)

        return new_password

    def save(self, commit: bool = True) -> UserProfile:
        do_change_password(self.user, self.cleaned_data["new_password1"], commit=commit)
        return self.user


def generate_password_reset_url(
    user_profile: UserProfile, token_generator: PasswordResetTokenGenerator
) -> str:
    token = token_generator.make_token(user_profile)
    uid = urlsafe_base64_encode(str(user_profile.id).encode())
    endpoint = reverse("password_reset_confirm", kwargs=dict(uidb64=uid, token=token))
    return f"{user_profile.realm.uri}{endpoint}"


class ZulipPasswordResetForm(PasswordResetForm):
    def save(
        self,
        domain_override: Optional[bool] = None,
        subject_template_name: str = "registration/password_reset_subject.txt",
        email_template_name: str = "registration/password_reset_email.html",
        use_https: bool = False,
        token_generator: PasswordResetTokenGenerator = default_token_generator,
        from_email: Optional[str] = None,
        request: HttpRequest = None,
        html_email_template_name: Optional[str] = None,
        extra_email_context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    ) -> None:
        """
        If the email address has an account in the target realm,
        generates a one-use only link for resetting password and sends
        to the user.

        We send a different email if an associated account does not exist in the
        database, or an account does exist, but not in the realm.

        Note: We ignore protocol and the various email template arguments (those
        are an artifact of using Django's password reset framework).
        """
        email = self.cleaned_data["email"]

        realm = get_realm(get_subdomain(request))

        if not email_auth_enabled(realm):
            logging.info(
                "Password reset attempted for %s even though password auth is disabled.", email
            )
            return
        if email_belongs_to_ldap(realm, email):
            # TODO: Ideally, we'd provide a user-facing error here
            # about the fact that they aren't allowed to have a
            # password in the Zulip server and should change it in LDAP.
            logging.info("Password reset not allowed for user in LDAP domain")
            return
        if realm.deactivated:
            logging.info("Realm is deactivated")
            return

        if settings.RATE_LIMITING:
            try:
                rate_limit_password_reset_form_by_email(email)
            except RateLimited:
                # TODO: Show an informative, user-facing error message.
                logging.info("Too many password reset attempts for email %s", email)
                return

        user: Optional[UserProfile] = None
        try:
            user = get_user_by_delivery_email(email, realm)
        except UserProfile.DoesNotExist:
            pass

        context = {
            "email": email,
            "realm_uri": realm.uri,
            "realm_name": realm.name,
        }

        if user is not None and not user.is_active:
            context["user_deactivated"] = True
            user = None

        if user is not None:
            context["active_account_in_realm"] = True
            context["reset_url"] = generate_password_reset_url(user, token_generator)
            send_email(
                "zerver/emails/password_reset",
                to_user_ids=[user.id],
                from_name=FromAddress.security_email_from_name(user_profile=user),
                from_address=FromAddress.tokenized_no_reply_address(),
                context=context,
            )
        else:
            context["active_account_in_realm"] = False
            active_accounts_in_other_realms = UserProfile.objects.filter(
                delivery_email__iexact=email, is_active=True
            )
            if active_accounts_in_other_realms:
                context["active_accounts_in_other_realms"] = active_accounts_in_other_realms
            language = request.LANGUAGE_CODE
            send_email(
                "zerver/emails/password_reset",
                to_emails=[email],
                from_name=FromAddress.security_email_from_name(language=language),
                from_address=FromAddress.tokenized_no_reply_address(),
                language=language,
                context=context,
                realm=realm,
            )


class RateLimitedPasswordResetByEmail(RateLimitedObject):
    def __init__(self, email: str) -> None:
        self.email = email
        super().__init__()

    def key(self) -> str:
        return f"{type(self).__name__}:{self.email}"

    def rules(self) -> List[Tuple[int, int]]:
        return settings.RATE_LIMITING_RULES["password_reset_form_by_email"]


def rate_limit_password_reset_form_by_email(email: str) -> None:
    ratelimited, _ = RateLimitedPasswordResetByEmail(email).rate_limit()
    if ratelimited:
        raise RateLimited


class CreateUserForm(forms.Form):
    full_name = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
    email = forms.EmailField()


class OurAuthenticationForm(AuthenticationForm):
    def clean(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        username = self.cleaned_data.get("username")
        password = self.cleaned_data.get("password")

        if username is not None and password:
            subdomain = get_subdomain(self.request)
            realm = get_realm(subdomain)

            return_data: Dict[str, Any] = {}
            try:
                self.user_cache = authenticate(
                    request=self.request,
                    username=username,
                    password=password,
                    realm=realm,
                    return_data=return_data,
                )
            except RateLimited as e:
                assert e.secs_to_freedom is not None
                secs_to_freedom = int(e.secs_to_freedom)
                raise ValidationError(AUTHENTICATION_RATE_LIMITED_ERROR.format(secs_to_freedom))

            if return_data.get("inactive_realm"):
                raise AssertionError("Programming error: inactive realm in authentication form")

            if return_data.get("inactive_user") and not return_data.get("is_mirror_dummy"):
                # We exclude mirror dummy accounts here. They should be treated as the
                # user never having had an account, so we let them fall through to the
                # normal invalid_login case below.
                raise ValidationError(mark_safe(DEACTIVATED_ACCOUNT_ERROR))

            if return_data.get("invalid_subdomain"):
                logging.warning(
                    "User %s attempted password login to wrong subdomain %s", username, subdomain
                )
                raise ValidationError(mark_safe(WRONG_SUBDOMAIN_ERROR))

            if self.user_cache is None:
                raise forms.ValidationError(
                    self.error_messages["invalid_login"],
                    code="invalid_login",
                    params={"username": self.username_field.verbose_name},
                )

            self.confirm_login_allowed(self.user_cache)

        return self.cleaned_data

    def add_prefix(self, field_name: str) -> str:
        """Disable prefix, since Zulip doesn't use this Django forms feature
        (and django-two-factor does use it), and we'd like both to be
        happy with this form.
        """
        return field_name


class AuthenticationTokenForm(TwoFactorAuthenticationTokenForm):
    """
    We add this form to update the widget of otp_token. The default
    widget is an input element whose type is a number, which doesn't
    stylistically match our theme.
    """

    otp_token = forms.IntegerField(
        label=_("Token"), min_value=1, max_value=int("9" * totp_digits()), widget=forms.TextInput
    )


class MultiEmailField(forms.Field):
    def to_python(self, emails: str) -> List[str]:
        """Normalize data to a list of strings."""
        if not emails:
            return []

        return [email.strip() for email in emails.split(",")]

    def validate(self, emails: List[str]) -> None:
        """Check if value consists only of valid emails."""
        super().validate(emails)
        for email in emails:
            validate_email(email)


class FindMyTeamForm(forms.Form):
    emails = MultiEmailField(help_text=_("Add up to 10 comma-separated email addresses."))

    def clean_emails(self) -> List[str]:
        emails = self.cleaned_data["emails"]
        if len(emails) > 10:
            raise forms.ValidationError(_("Please enter at most 10 emails."))

        return emails


class RealmRedirectForm(forms.Form):
    subdomain = forms.CharField(max_length=Realm.MAX_REALM_SUBDOMAIN_LENGTH, required=True)

    def clean_subdomain(self) -> str:
        subdomain = self.cleaned_data["subdomain"]
        try:
            get_realm(subdomain)
        except Realm.DoesNotExist:
            raise ValidationError(_("We couldn't find that Zulip organization."))
        return subdomain