This commit adds three `.pysa` model files: `false_positives.pysa`
for ruling out false positive flows with `Sanitize` annotations,
`req_lib.pysa` for educating pysa about Zulip's `REQ()` pattern for
extracting user input, and `redirects.pysa` for capturing the risk
of open redirects within Zulip code. Additionally, this commit
introduces `mark_sanitized`, an identity function which can be used
to selectively clear taint in cases where `Sanitize` models will not
work. This commit also puts `mark_sanitized` to work removing known
false postive flows.
This commit adds 'add_query_to_redirect_url' to one additional
function which had not yet been written when
'add_query_to_redirect_url' was introduced. This helper centralizes
URL manipulation for redirects, making it easier to add Pysa
sanitization in subsequent commits.
This new endpoint returns a 'user' dictionary which, as of now,
contains a single key 'is_subscribed' with a boolean value that
represents whether the user with the given 'user_id' is subscribed
to the stream with the given 'stream_id'.
Fixes#14966.
The only clients that should use the typing
indicators endpoint are our internal clients,
and they should send a JSON-formatted list
of user_ids.
We now enforce this, which removes some
complexity surrounding legacy ways of sending
users, such as emails and comma-delimited
strings of user_ids.
There may be a very tiny number of mobile
clients that still use the old emails API.
This won't have any user-facing effect on
the mobile users themselves, but if you type
a message to your friend on an old mobile
app, the friend will no longer see typing
indicators.
Also, the mobile team may see some errors
in their Sentry logs from the server rejecting
posts from the old mobile clients.
The error messages we report here are a bit
more generic, since we now just use REQ
to do validation with this code:
validator=check_list(check_int)
This also allows us to remove a test hack
related to the API documentation. (We changed
the docs to reflect the modern API in an
earlier commit, but the tests couldn't be
fixed while we still had the more complex
semantics for the "to" parameter.)
Currently there are no checks in validate_against_openapi_schema
to check whether the `content` it received actually matched with
the `response code`. For example during testing if a certain endpoint
was returning 400 but it was expected to return 200, then it would
pass schema validation as it would only have `msg` and `result` keys.
Add this validation and fix the wrong response returning points.
Add test to validate example responses in zulip.yaml. Also change
zulip.yaml for some wrong examples or for cases which were not
covered by `test-api`. Also enhance `validate_against_openapi_schema`.
Prevent `JsonableError(_("Missing content"))` from
ever being triggered.
That error wasn't handle by anything, and thus just threw a 500, as
it's not a response to an HTTP request.
The right fix is to adjust the caller to ban the empty string in
content (or content that strips to the empty string).
Closes#15145.
ACCESS_TOKEN_URL works a different for apple authentication, so,
we removed and remocked the ACCESS_TOKEN_URL mock in
`register_extra_endpoints` override of apple auth test class.
It is cleaner to have it as generic feature of `social_auth_test`.
So, this commit adds a function that returns token_data_dict that
we had earlier and is called in the ACCESS_TOKEN_URL mock.
This function is overriden in apple auth test class to generate
payload of the format that apple auth expects.
Thanks to Mateusz Mandera for the simple idea.
Co-authored-by: Mateusz Mandera <mateusz.mandera@zulip.com>
This commit adds some basic checks while adding or removing
realm owner status of a user and adds code to change owner
status of a user using update_user_backend.
This also adds restriction on removing owner status of the
last owner of realm. This restriction was previously on
revoking admin status, but as we have added a more privileged
role of realm owner, we now have this restriction on owner
instead of admin.
We need to apply that restriction both in the role change code path
and the deactivate code path.
This commit sets the role of the user creating the realm as
realm owner after the realm is created.
Previously, the role of user creating the realm was set as admin.
But now we want it to be owner because owners have the highest
privilege level.
The test_management_commands use in particular was causing pickling
errors when the test failed, because Python 3 filter returns an
iterator, not a list.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
set(redirect_host) is a set of characters, so the only non-relative
redirects being allowed were to certain one-character hostnames, which
certainly isn’t what was intended.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
Fixes this error in the dev environment:
$ ./manage.py checkconfig
Error: You must set ZULIP_ADMINISTRATOR in /etc/zulip/settings.py.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
This implementation overrides some of PSA's internal backend
functions to handle `state` value with redis as the standard
way doesn't work because of apple sending required details
in the form of POST request.
Includes a mixin test class that'll be useful for testing
Native auth flow.
Thanks to Mateusz Mandera for the idea of using redis and
other important work on this.
Documentation rewritten by tabbott.
Co-authored-by: Mateusz Mandera <mateusz.mandera@zulip.com>
This commit adds an integration for Thinkst Canaries - physical, VM and
cloud-based canaries for detecting attackers to a network. Thinkst
Canaries can send webhook alerts when canaries have been tripped, and
this integration will post Zulip messages when these webhooks are
received.
Signed-off-by: David Wood <david@davidtw.co>
This was previously hardcoded with agreement between the Zulip backend
and frontend as 86400 seconds (1 day). Now, it's still hardcoded in
the backend, but arranged in a way where we could add a setting
without any changes to the mobile and terminal apps to update logic.
Fixes#15278.
This was implemented in 2012 to avoid showing a loading indicator for
fetching messages for users with no message history. However, the
Zulip onboarding UI always creates some message history, and fetching
history is fast, so this is likely clutter more than a useful
optimization.
This was written by Rishi for a very brief purpose a few years ago,
and it doesn't serve much purpose now other than to be a place we
update in code sweeps.
We're migrating to using the cleaner zulip.com domain, which involves
changing all of our links from ReadTheDocs and other places to point
to the cleaner URL.
Adds a top-level logger in `settings.LOGGING` `zulip.auth`
with the default handlers `DEFAULT_ZULIP_HANDLERS` and
an extra hanlder that writes to `/var/log/zulip/auth.log`.
Each auth backend uses it's own logger, `self.logger` which
is in form 'zulip.auth.<backend name>'.
This way it's clear which auth backend generated the log
and is easier to look for all authentication logs in one file.
Besides the above mentioned changes, `name` attribute is added to
`ZulipAuthMixin` so that these logging kind of calls wouldn't raise
any issues when logging is tried in a class without `name` attribute.
Also in the tests we use a new way to check if logger calls are made
i.e. we use `assertLogs` to test if something is logged.
Thanks to Mateusz Mandera for the idea of having a seperate logger
for auth backends and suggestion of using `assertLogs`.
Since owners have the highest privilege level, it made little sense to
sandwich them between administrators and guests.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
This commit removes short_name and client_id fields from the user
objects returned by get_profile_backend because neither of them
had a purpose.
* short_name hasn't been present anywhere else in the Zulip API for
several years, and isn't set through any coherent algorithm.
* client_id was a forgotten 2013-era predecessor to the queue_id field
returned by the register_event_queue process.
The combination of these changes gets us close to having `get_profile`
have the exact same format as other endpoints fetching a user object.
This commit changes get_profile_backend to be based on format_user_row
such that it's a superset of the fields for our other endpoints for
getting data on a user.
To be clear, this does not removes any of the exisiting fields, that
were returned by this endpoint.
This change adds some fields to the User object returned by the
endpoint. API docs are updated accordingly for the added fields.
Slack owners and primary owners will be mapped to zulip
realm owners on import.
Previously, we mapped the owner and primary owner roles of slack
to realm admins in zulip. As we have added ROLE_REALM_OWNER in
8bbc074, we now map slack owners and primary owners to owners in
zulip.
Tests are modified for checking all the 3 cases-
- Slack workspace primary owner
- Slack workspace owner
- Slack workspace admin
This commit also has docs changes in 'import-from-slack.md'.
Calling jwt.decode without an algorithms list raises a
DeprecationWarning. This is for protecting against
symmetric/asymmetric key confusion attacks.
This is a backwards-incompatible configuration change.
Fixes#15207.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
Generated by pyupgrade --py36-plus --keep-percent-format, but with the
NamedTuple changes reverted (see commit
ba7906a3c6, #15132).
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
Old topic of the msg edit event can be used to help the client
calculate useful information such as if a change
in current narrow is required.
This fixes our re narrow logic after a stream edit of a topic, with
no change in topic name itself, since the original topic was not
present in the event received and hence the `orig_topic` was
undefined in this case.
This adds 'target_users' parameter to 'attempt_unsubscribe_of_principal`
function in test_subs.py, which accepts list of UserProfile objects to be
unsubscribed, instead of defining users in the function itself.
This change makes the code cleaner and more readable.
Also, 'other_user_subbed' parameter is changed to 'target_users_subbed'
to clearly depict the use of this parameter.
This commit extracts removing_someone_else logic to the function
'check_if_removing_someone_else' for better readability.
This is a follow up to 2187c84.
Option to disable breadcrumb messages were given in both message edit
form and topic edit stream popover.
User now has the option to select which stream to send the notification
of stream edit of a topic via checkboxes in the UI.
We pipe realm_id through functions where it is available,
this helps us avoid doing query for realm_id in loop when
multiple messages are being processed.
Fixes warnings like this:
/srv/zulip-py3-venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py:1424: RuntimeWarning: DateTimeField MutedTopic.date_muted received a naive datetime (2020-01-01 00:00:00) while time zone support is active.
warnings.warn("DateTimeField %s received a naive datetime (%s)"
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
datetime.timezone is available in Python ≥ 3.2. This also lets us
remove a pytz dependency from the PostgreSQL scripts.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
Fixes warnings like these with python -Wd:
/home/circleci/zulip/zerver/lib/bugdown/__init__.py:327: DeprecationWarning: This method will be removed in future versions. Use 'list(elem)' or iteration over elem instead.
for child in currElementPair.value.getchildren():
/home/circleci/zulip/zerver/lib/bugdown/__init__.py:328: DeprecationWarning: This method will be removed in future versions. Use 'list(elem)' or iteration over elem instead.
if child.getchildren():
/home/circleci/zulip/zerver/lib/bugdown/__init__.py:282: DeprecationWarning: This method will be removed in future versions. Use 'list(elem)' or iteration over elem instead.
for child in currElement.getchildren():
/home/circleci/zulip/zerver/lib/bugdown/__init__.py:283: DeprecationWarning: This method will be removed in future versions. Use 'list(elem)' or iteration over elem instead.
if child.getchildren():
https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.getchildren
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
Fixes this warning with python -Wd:
/home/circleci/zulip/zerver/lib/bot_config.py:69: DeprecationWarning: This method will be removed in future versions. Use 'parser.read_file()' instead.
config.readfp(conf)
https://docs.python.org/3/library/configparser.html#configparser.ConfigParser.readfp
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
This has been a deprecated alias for django.db.backends.postgresql
since Django 1.9, removed in Django 3.0.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
url_to_a returns Union[Element, str], but str cannot be appended to
Element; that would raise TypeError at runtime.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
zerver/lib/i18n.py:34:28: E741 ambiguous variable name 'l'
zerver/lib/webhooks/common.py:103:34: E225 missing whitespace around operator
zerver/tests/test_queue_worker.py:563:9: E306 expected 1 blank line before a nested definition, found 0
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
The previous code for this event was using a key that's not actually
a part of the payload. So here we simple remove the usage of that key
and add a (previously missing) test for this event.
Signed-off-by: Hemanth V. Alluri <hdrive1999@gmail.com>
This reimplements our Zoom video call integration to use an OAuth
application. In addition to providing a cleaner setup experience,
especially on zulipchat.com where the server administrators can have
done the app registration already, it also fixes the limitation of the
previous integration that it could only have one call active at a time
when set up with typical Zoom API keys.
Fixes#11672.
Co-authored-by: Marco Burstein <marco@marco.how>
Co-authored-by: Tim Abbott <tabbott@zulipchat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <andersk@mit.edu>
Objects whose properties are not described were validated by the
current validator. Edit it so that objects with no `properties`
or `additionalProperties` attribute i.e. opaque objects get
invalidated.
Also make changes in zulip.yaml to fix any opaque objects (tweaked by
tabbott to edit the documentation for better clarity).
Currently, `validate_against_openapi_schema` checks only the top
level of the response dictionary. Improve it so that it can
validate objects and arrays at all levels. Also edit zulip.yaml
accordingly. And for new response keys which were not defined
before add VERY basic documentation.
We change do_create_user and create_user to accept
role as a parameter instead of 'is_realm_admin' and 'is_guest'.
These changes are done to minimize data conversions between
role and boolean fields.
request_retry and notify_bot_owner don't use request_data so might
as well not send it to them at all.
Signed-off-by: Hemanth V. Alluri <hdrive1999@gmail.com>
Using the Python Standard Library's abc library and NotImplementedError
we can better define interfaces (this is mainly to improve readability
and consistency).
Signed-off-by: Hemanth V. Alluri <hdrive1999@gmail.com>
Integrations can be supplied a logo parameter which is used to contruct
their `logo_url`. It would be useful to store this parameter, instead of
computing the path from the URL.
This commit fixes the tests to use role instead of is_admin in
update user endpoint. These changes got missed in the original
commit 9fa6067 which included the change of using role in update user
endpoint and were also not caught in tests.
This commit removes redundant lines from the test for changing
full name in test_users.py. Those lines were passing is_admin=False
for already non admin user and were added in 41fbb16, but these lines
are of no use now.
This commit modifies the backend to accept user ids when subscribing
users to streams.
It also migrates all existing tests to use this API, aside from a
small set of tests for the legacy API.
There's no reason to send data beyond the user `id` of the uploader,
and reason not to, as the previous model was both awkward when
`author=None` and resulted in unecessary parsing complexity for
clients.
Modified by tabbott to add the frontend changes and API documentation.
Fixes#15115.
This commit changes the person dict in event sent by do_change_user_role
to send role instead of is_admin or is_guest.
This makes things much more straightforward for our upcoming primary
owners feature.
This saves the completely unnecessary work of mapping the Client name
to its ID. Because we had in-process caching of the immutable Client
objects, this isn't a material performance win, but it will eventually
let us delete that caching logic and have a simpler system.
Currently response return values have to be written twice, once in
the docs and once in zulip.yaml. Create a markdown extension so
that the return values in api docs are rendered using content from
zulip.yaml
There are several places where the return values description is better
in the api docs than in the zulip.yaml file. Import such changes to
zulip.yaml before we replace the current hacky API docs with the
zulip.yaml content.
This commit changes the update user API endpoint to accept role
as parameter instead of the bool parameters is_guest and is_admin.
User role dropdown in user info modal is also modified to use
"dropdown_options_widget".
Modified by tabbott to document the API change.
This method is called on a `bitfield.types.BitHandler` object, not a dict; as
such, it is not a runtime failure.
This was missed in 035ed93111 and adjacent commits because it was not
`six.iteritems()` but just a bare `iteritems()` -- having been added
after 9e3c3e14f5 moved all other calls from `iteritems()` to
`six.iteritems()`.
Comment on why this is not a leftover python2-ism.
Grep finds no other remaining callsites to `iteritems` or friends:
```
$ rg '\.iter\w+\(' -t py
zerver/lib/url_preview/preview.py
44: content = next(response.iter_content(1000))
zerver/lib/email_notifications.py
49: for link_info in fragment.iterlinks():
zerver/lib/push_notifications.py
508: nested_levels = len(list(ol.iterancestors('ol')))
zerver/lib/bugdown/__init__.py
1364: parsed = etree.iterparse(StringIO(rendered))
zerver/lib/bugdown/nested_code_blocks.py
47: if parent.text is None and len(list(parent)) == 1 and len(list(parent.itertext())) == 1:
```
Make sure that we use the max password length defined in
RegistrationForm.MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH when validating the
password for the password reset form.
Fixes#15087.
Signed-off-by: Hemanth V. Alluri <hdrive1999@gmail.com>
This commit changes do_change_user_role to support adding or removing
the realm owner status of user and sending an event.
We also extend the existing test for do_change_user_role to do a bit
more validation to confirm the audit log records all values of role.
The new realm_owner role is added as option for role field in
UserProfile model and is_realm_owner is added as property for the user
profile.
Aside from some basic tests validating the logic, this has no effect
as users cannot end up with set as realm owners.
If the key paramenter on POST isn't correct we won't be
able to find the confirmation object, which will lead to
an exception. To deal with it more gracefully, we are
catching the exception and redirecting to the
confirmation_link_expired_error page.
If a user receives more than one invite to join a
realm, after that user registers, all the remaining
invitations should be revoked, preventing them to be
listed in active invitations on admin panel.
To do this, we added a new prereg_user status,
STATUS_REVOKED.
We also added a confirmation_link_expired_error page
in case the user tries click on a revoked invitaion.
This page has a link to login page.
Fixes: #12629
Co-authored-by: Arunika <arunikayadav42@gmail.com>
This tests if a user, that is already registered, is
redirected to the login page when they click on an
invitation.
Co-authored-by: Arunika <arunikayadav42@gmail.com>
Tests attached a UserProfile to confirmation objects,
which is not very valid as this is the only place
where this is done. Now we attach PreregUser to
the confirmation object, making the tests correct.
Co-authored-by: Arunika <arunikayadav42@gmail.com>
The /apps page webapp link now takes the user to /accounts/go to find
their organization's login page, rather than failing to do anything.
Fixes#14977.
On invitations panel, invites were being removed when
the user clicked on invitation's link. Now we only remove
it when the user completes registration.
Fixes: #12281
This fixes some issues with unclear terminology and visual styling in
the pages for the new free trial.
There's probably more we can and should usefully do in the future.
mock is just a backport of the standard library’s unittest.mock now.
The SAMLAuthBackendTest change is needed because
MagicMock.call_args.args wasn’t introduced until Python
3.8 (https://bugs.python.org/issue21269).
The PROVISION_VERSION bump is skipped because mock is still an
indirect dev requirement via moto.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
We handle fenced code blocks in a preprocessor, and > style blockquotes
are parsed in a blockprocessor. Pymarkdown doesn't run the preprocessors
again on any blocks that it is parsing, and is unlikely to accept our
solution upstream; they intend to convert fenced_code to a block parser.
We simply run all the preprocessors on the text again, with the exception
of NormalizeWhitespace which removed delimiters used by HtmlStash to mark
preprocessed html code. To counter this, we subclass NormalizeWhitespace
and use our customized version for when it is called from a blockparser.
Upstream issue: https://github.com/Python-Markdown/markdown/issues/53Fixes#12800.
This commit merges do_change_is_admin and do_change_is_guest to a
single function do_change_user_role which will be used for changing
role of users.
do_change_is_api_super_user is added as a separate function for
changing is_api_super_user field of UserProfile.
This is important, because lack of this meant that the POST request in
our tests still had the old session, with various params stored in it.
This mechanism doesn't work in reality in SAML, so the backend uses
redis to store and recover the params from redis. Without flushing the
session, these tests would fail to catch some breakages in the
redis-based mechanism.
This will protect us in case of some kinds of bugs that could allow
making requests such as password authentication attempts to tornado.
Without restricting the domains to which the in-memory backend can
be applied, such bugs would lead to attackers having multiple times
larger rate limits for these sensitive requests.
Helps to see if users are often trying to login with deactived
accounts.
A use case: Trackdown whether any deactivated bot users are still
trying to access the API.
This implementation adds a new key `inactive_user_id`
to `return_data` in the function `is_user_active` which
check if a `user_profile` is active. This reduces the effort
of getting `user_id` just before logging.
Modified tests for line coverage.
Instead of plumbing the idp to /complete/saml/ through redis, it's much
more natural to just figure it out from the SAMLResponse, because the
information is there.
This is also a preparatory step for adding IdP-initiated sign in, for
which it is important for /complete/saml/ to be able to figure out which
IdP the request is coming from.
After a message was reset in our caches cache via message editing or
adding/removing a reaction, we were sending corrupt data to the cache
because build_message_dict (and thus build_dict_from_raw_db_row) was
improperly being called before sewing in the reaction data.
As a result, we were sending raw database data in the reaction
dictionaries, rather than the reformatted version expected by the API.
Bug introduced in 2a4c62a326.
Fixing this correctly required moving the rendering_realm_id logic one
step higher in the call chain, which is a useful refactoring anyway
(since we're no longer passing a `Message` object down)
We now parse tex and latex as regular languages, highlighting them
with pygments. We only allow 'math' to trigger latex rendering,
which is in line with the documentation.
This commit shifts our timestamp syntax to be of the form:
<span class="timestamp data-timestamp="123456"></span>
since value is not a valid attribute of span elements.
This adds support for syntax like: !time(Jun 7 2017, 6:30 PM) so that
everyone sees the time in their own local timezone. This can be used
when scheduling online meetings, etc.
This adds some hardcoded values for timezones, because of there
being no sureshot way of determining the timezone easily. However,
since the main way of using the feature should be a typeahead for
entering the time, this shouldn't be cause of much concern.
Fixes#5176.
This allows straight-forward configuration of realm-based Tornado
sharding through simply editing /etc/zulip/zulip.conf to configure
shards and running scripts/refresh-sharding-and-restart.
Co-Author-By: Mateusz Mandera <mateusz.mandera@zulip.com>
This extends `put_dict_in_redis` to take token as an argument
and return that with the as a `key` with following key format.
Also, edit regex for token to include uppercase letters as
a token sent during apple authentication contains uppercase
letters.
Useful for Adding "Sign in with Apple" support.
The swagger validator is a basic tool to check whether our
openapi specification file follows the basic syntax. But to ensure
that our zulip.yaml file is not only syntactically compatible but
also describes our API well, we need to add custom tests. This
commit currently checks whether each endpoint has an `operationId`
and a valid tag. It also makes it easier to check for custom rules
in the future.
* Encountered `No emoji specified for status 'Pending'` when using `on_start: always`:
```yaml
notifications:
webhooks:
...
on_start: always # default: never
```
This refactors render_javascript_code_example to avoid shelling out to
node and parse the javascript file with python instead, to get example
code snippets.
This commit adds python code to call javascript_examples.js in its
two supported modes. tools/test-api asserts that the example output
is as expected, whereas the API markdown extension is used to render
these examples in the docs.
This refactors `extract_code_example` to return a nested list
of code snippets between '{code_example|start/end}' instead of
returing a list of all the lines between '{code_example|start/end}'
markers in the code examples.
Appropriate changes have been made to render_python_code_example.
This refactors `ExamplesHandler` to avoid running examples in a loop
and add result objects to `response_data` array one by one with
`generate_validation_data`.
This file will act as the container for all JS API examples to use
in our documentation, similar to our python and curl API testing
and examples generation code.
This module has two modes of operation:
- node javascript_examples.js generate-responses
This mode runs all the examples against a server and prints the JSON
output of all the examples we ran.
- node javascript_examples.js generate-example <endpoint>
This mode prints example code for endpoints like: /users:post. We then
want to render this full example code in our docs.
If the IdP authentication API is flaky for some reason, it can return
bad http responses, which will raise HTTPError inside
python-social-auth. We don't want to generate a traceback
in those cases, but simply log the exception and fail gracefully.
'tags' attribute is helpful in differentiating and grouping the
endpoints on basis of their usage. For example tags like 'messages'
help in grouping all endpoints related to messages and thus make the
api specification more user-friendly. So give tags to the endpoints
on the basis of what heading they are under in the API docs.
'operationId' helps code generators in naming functions and other purposes.
So name operationId of endpoints as their function names in python-zulip-api
if it exists else use most appropriate function name.
Part of #14100 .
During events such as stream / topic name edit for a topic, we were
running queries to db in loop for each message for reactions,
submessages and realm_id. This commit reduces the queries to be
done only for realm_id, which is yet to be fixed.
This is accomplished by building messages with empty reactions
and submessages and then updating them in the messages using bulk
queries.
This commit allows non admins to set stream post policy while creating
streams.
Restriction was there to prevent user from creating a stream in which
the user cannot post himself but this will be taken care of with
stream admin feature.
Graham Bleaney
Anders Kaseorg
Kartik Srivastava
Steve Howell
sahil839
orientor
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