Previously, we checked for the `enable_offline_email_notifications` and
`enable_offline_push_notifications` settings (which determine whether the
user will receive notifications for PMs and mentions) just before sending
notifications. This has a few problem:
1. We do not have access to all the user settings in the notification
handlers (`handle_missedmessage_emails` and `handle_push_notifications`),
and therefore, we cannot correctly determine whether the notification should
be sent. Checks like the following which existed previously, will, for
example, incorrectly not send notifications even when stream email
notifications are enabled-
```
if not receives_offline_email_notifications(user_profile):
return
```
With this commit, we simply do not enqueue notifications if the "offline"
settings are disabled, which fixes that bug.
Additionally, this also fixes a bug with the "online push notifications"
feature, which was, if someone were to:
* turn off notifications for PMs and mentions (`enable_offline_push_notifications`)
* turn on stream push notifications (`enable_stream_push_notifications`)
* turn on "online push" (`enable_online_push_notifications`)
then, they would still receive notifications for PMs when online.
This isn't how the "online push enabled" feature is supposed to work;
it should only act as a wrapper around the other notification settings.
The buggy code was this in `handle_push_notifications`:
```
if not (
receives_offline_push_notifications(user_profile)
or receives_online_push_notifications(user_profile)
):
return
// send notifications
```
This commit removes that code, and extends our `notification_data.py` logic
to cover this case, along with tests.
2. The name for these settings is slightly misleading. They essentially
talk about "what to send notifications for" (PMs and mentions), and not
"when to send notifications" (offline). This commit improves this condition
by restricting the use of this term only to the database field, and using
clearer names everywhere else. This distinction will be important to have
non-confusing code when we implement multiple options for notifications
in the future as dropdown (never/when offline/when offline or online, etc).
3. We should ideally re-check all notification settings just before the
notifications are sent. This is especially important for email notifications,
which may be sent after a long time after the message was sent. We will
in the future add code to thoroughly re-check settings before sending
notifications in a clean manner, but temporarily not re-checking isn't
a terrible scenario either.
This fixes a batch of mypy errors of the following format:
'Item "None" of "Optional[Something]" has no attribute "abc"
Since we have already been recklessly using these attritbutes
in the tests, adding assertions beforehand is justified presuming
that they oughtn't to be None.
This reduces loose strings in the codebase, and allows us to not worry
about the exact naming (`stream_email_enabled` or `stream_emails_enabled`?)
and tense (`mentioned` or `mention`?).
Ideally this new class should have been in `lib/notification_data.py`,
which is our file for things like this. But, the next commit requires
using this data in `models.py`, and importing from `notification_data.py`
to `models.py` causes recursive imports.
The code to also notify for wildcard mentions was added in
0ed0bb6828.
But that showed the same text for both the cases. This commit fixes
that.
This is more of change for correctness. The mobile app currently does
not rely on this text for notifications, but constructs the text by
itself from the data in the payload.
This also fixes the "stream_push_notify" case to consistently show
a `#` before the stream name.
The previous string was bold, potentially confusing, and doesn't
explain clearly what's happening. We replace this with a string that's
more or less copied from what we do in email notifications with the
similar setting enabled.
It was unclear what the original test was testing, and more
importantly, the test passed even if one removed the `read` flag
check in the `handle_push_notifications` function, so we fix it
to be more comprehensive.
Changed the name of the test-user cordelia from `Cordelia Lear` to
`Cordelia, Lear's daughter`.
This change will enable us to test users with escape characters in
their names.
I also updated the Node, Puppeteer, Backend tests and Fixtures to
support this change.
This commit removes mock.patch with assertLogs().
* Adds return value to do_rest_call() in outgoing_webhook.py, to
support asserting log output in test_outgoing_webhook_system.py.
* Logs are not asserted in test_realm.py because it would require to users
to be queried using users=User.objects.filter(realm=realm) and the order
of resulting queryset varies for each run.
* In test_decorators.py, replacement of mock.patch is not done because
I'm not sure if it's worth the effort to replace it as it's a return
value of a function.
Tweaked by tabbott to set proper mypy types.
This lets the backend tests pass if zilencer has been (manually)
removed from EXTRA_INSTALLED_APPS, by skipping the tests that require
it. test-backend complains that some URLs are untested in this case:
ERROR: Some URLs are untested! Here's the list of untested URLs:
api/v1/users/me/android_gcm_reg_id
api/v1/users/me/apns_device_token
team/
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
This issue isn't something a system administrator needs to take action
on -- it's a likely minor logic bug around organization
administrators moving topics between streams.
As a result, it shouldn't send error emails to administrators.
We include tests for the new implementation to avoid churning the
codebase too much so this can be easily reverted when we are able to
re-enable the feature.
If the push_notification for the UserMessage is already active,
we don't send any push notification to the user. This may
happen due to race conditions.
Added and fixed test cases affected by this.
We remove support for the old clients which required an event for
each message to clear notification.
This is justified since it has been around 1.5 years since we started
supporting the bulk operation (and so essentially nobody is using a
mobile app version so old that it doesn't support the batched
approach) and the unbatched approach has a maintenance and reliability
cost.
This makes the system store and track PushDeviceToken objects on
the local Zulip server when using the push notifications bouncer
and includes tests for this.
This is something we need to implement end-to-end encryption for
push notifications. We'll add the encryption key as an additional
property on the local PushDeviceToken object.
It also likely adds some value in the case that a server were to
switch between using the bouncer service and sending notifications
directly, though in practice that's unlikely to happen.
This adds a new function `get_apns_badge_count()` to
fetch count value for a user push notification and
then sends that value with the APNs payload.
Once a message is read from the web app, the count is
decremented accordingly and a push notification with
`event: remove` is sent to the iOS clients.
Fixes#10271.
Mocking `get_base_payload()` verifies the wrong output
when the code is actually correct. So, its better that
we call the real function here, especially when we are
adding the Apple case.
Fixes#2665.
Regenerated by tabbott with `lint --fix` after a rebase and change in
parameters.
Note from tabbott: In a few cases, this converts technical debt in the
form of unsorted imports into different technical debt in the form of
our largest files having very long, ugly import sequences at the
start. I expect this change will increase pressure for us to split
those files, which isn't a bad thing.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
Automatically generated by the following script, based on the output
of lint with flake8-comma:
import re
import sys
last_filename = None
last_row = None
lines = []
for msg in sys.stdin:
m = re.match(
r"\x1b\[35mflake8 \|\x1b\[0m \x1b\[1;31m(.+):(\d+):(\d+): (\w+)", msg
)
if m:
filename, row_str, col_str, err = m.groups()
row, col = int(row_str), int(col_str)
if filename == last_filename:
assert last_row != row
else:
if last_filename is not None:
with open(last_filename, "w") as f:
f.writelines(lines)
with open(filename) as f:
lines = f.readlines()
last_filename = filename
last_row = row
line = lines[row - 1]
if err in ["C812", "C815"]:
lines[row - 1] = line[: col - 1] + "," + line[col - 1 :]
elif err in ["C819"]:
assert line[col - 2] == ","
lines[row - 1] = line[: col - 2] + line[col - 1 :].lstrip(" ")
if last_filename is not None:
with open(last_filename, "w") as f:
f.writelines(lines)
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulipchat.com>
Generated by pyupgrade --py36-plus --keep-percent-format, but with the
NamedTuple changes reverted (see commit
ba7906a3c6, #15132).
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
datetime.timezone is available in Python ≥ 3.2. This also lets us
remove a pytz dependency from the PostgreSQL scripts.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
mock is just a backport of the standard library’s unittest.mock now.
The SAMLAuthBackendTest change is needed because
MagicMock.call_args.args wasn’t introduced until Python
3.8 (https://bugs.python.org/issue21269).
The PROVISION_VERSION bump is skipped because mock is still an
indirect dev requirement via moto.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
Generated by `pyupgrade --py3-plus --keep-percent-format` on all our
Python code except `zthumbor` and `zulip-ec2-configure-interfaces`,
followed by manual indentation fixes.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulipchat.com>
We try to use the correct variation of `email`
or `delivery_email`, even though in some
databases they are the same.
(To find the differences, I temporarily hacked
populate_db to use different values for email
and delivery_email, and reduced email visibility
in the zulip realm to admins only.)
In places where we want the "normal" realm
behavior of showing emails (and having `email`
be the same as `delivery_email`), we use
the new `reset_emails_in_zulip_realm` helper.
A couple random things:
- I fixed any error messages that were leaking
the wrong email
- a test that claimed to rely on the order
of emails no longer does (we sort user_ids
instead)
- we now use user_ids in some place where we used
to use emails
- for IRC mirrors I just punted and used
`reset_emails_in_zulip_realm` in most places
- for MIT-related tests, I didn't fix email
vs. delivery_email unless it was obvious
I also explicitly reset the realm to a "normal"
realm for a couple tests that I frankly just didn't
have the energy to debug. (Also, we do want some
coverage on the normal case, even though it is
"easier" for tests to pass if you mix up `email`
and `delivery_email`.)
In particular, I just reset data for the analytics
and corporate tests.
We now have this API...
If you really just need to log in
and not do anything with the actual
user:
self.login('hamlet')
If you're gonna use the user in the
rest of the test:
hamlet = self.example_user('hamlet')
self.login_user(hamlet)
If you are specifically testing
email/password logins (used only in 4 places):
self.login_by_email(email, password)
And for failures uses this (used twice):
self.assert_login_failure(email)
This reduces query counts in some cases, since
we no longer need to look up the user again. In
particular, it reduces some noise when we
count queries for O(N)-related tests.
The query count is usually reduced by 2 per
API call. We no longer need to look up Realm
and UserProfile. In most cases we are saving
these lookups for the whole tests, since we
usually already have the `user` objects for
other reasons. In a few places we are simply
moving where that query happens within the
test.
In some places I shorten names like `test_user`
or `user_profile` to just be `user`.
We want a clean codepath for the vast majority
of cases of using api_get/api_post, which now
uses email and which we'll soon convert to
accepting `user` as a parameter.
These apis that take two different types of
values for the same parameter make sweeps
like this kinda painful, and they're pretty
easy to avoid by extracting helpers to do
the actual common tasks. So, for example,
here I still keep a common method to
actually encode the credentials (since
the whole encode/decode business is an
annoying detail that you don't want to fix
in two places):
def encode_credentials(self, identifier: str, api_key: str) -> str:
"""
identifier: Can be an email or a remote server uuid.
"""
credentials = "%s:%s" % (identifier, api_key)
return 'Basic ' + base64.b64encode(credentials.encode('utf-8')).decode('utf-8')
But then the rest of the code has two separate
codepaths.
And for the uuid functions, we no longer have
crufty references to realm. (In fairness, realm
will also go away when we introduce users.)
For the `is_remote_server` helper, I just inlined
it, since it's now only needed in one place, and the
name didn't make total sense anyway, plus it wasn't
a super robust check. In context, it's easier
just to use a comment now to say what we're doing:
# If `role` doesn't look like an email, it might be a uuid.
if settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED and role is not None and '@' not in role:
# do stuff
This commit mostly makes our tests less
noisy, since emails are no longer an important
detail of sending messages (they're not even
really used in the API).
It also sets us up to have more scrutiny
on delivery_email/email in the future
for things that actually matter. (This is
a prep commit for something along those
lines, kind of hard to explain the full
plan.)
Since the intent of our testing code was clearly to clear this cache
for every test, there's no reason for it to be a module-level global.
This allows us to remove an unnecessary import from test_runner.py,
which in combination with DEFAULT_REALM's definition was causing us to
run models code before running migrations inside test-backend.
(That bug, in turn, caused test-backend's check for whether migrations
needs to be run to happen sadly after trying to access a Realm,
trigger a test-backend crash if the Realm model had changed since the
last provision).
We use the plumbing introduced in a previous commit, to now raise
PushNotificationBouncerRetryLaterError in send_to_push_bouncer in case
of issues with talking to the bouncer server. That's a better way of
dealing with the errors than the previous approach of returning a
"failed" boolean, which generally wasn't checked in the code anyway and
did nothing.
The PushNotificationBouncerRetryLaterError exception will be nicely
handled by queue processors to retry sending again, and due to being a
JsonableError, it will also communicate the error to API users.
We add PushNotificationBouncerRetryLaterError as an exception to signal
an error occurred when trying to communicate with the bouncer and it
should be retried. We use JsonableError as the base class, because this
signal will need to work in two roles:
1. When the push notification was being issued by the queue worker
PushNotificationsWorker, it will signal to the worker to requeue the
event and try again later.
2. The exception will also possibly be raised (this will be added in the
next commit) on codepaths coming from a request to an API endpoint (for
example to add a token, to users/me/apns_device_token). In that case,
it'll be needed to provide a good error to the API user - and basing
this exception on JsonableError will allow that.
This includes adding a new endpoint to the push notification bouncer
interface, and code to call it appropriately after resetting a user's
personal API key.
When we add support for a user having multiple API keys, we may need
to add an additional key here to support removing keys associated with
just one client.
The function only used the user's realm anyway, so this is a cleaner
API.
This should also make it more convenient to permanently delete
messages manually, since one doesn't have to fetch a random user in
the realm in order to delete a message using the management shell.
No functional change.
MigrationsTestCase is intentionally omitted from this, since migrations
tests are different in their nature and so whatever setUp()
ZulipTestCase may do in the future, MigrationsTestCase may not
necessarily want to replicate.
One small change in behavior is that this creates an array with all the
row_objects at once, rather than creating them 1000 at a time.
That should be fine, given that the client batches these in units of
10000 anyway, and so we're just creating 10K rows of a relatively
small data structure in Python code here.
Fixes#1727.
With the server down, apply migrations 0245 and 0246. 0246 will remove
the pub_date column, so it's essential that the previous migrations
ran correctly to copy data before running this.
There's no reason for this to be a category of error that emails the
server administrator, since there's a good chance that fixing it will
need to be done in the Zulip codebase, not administrator action.
Historically, Zulip's implementation of wildcard mentions never
triggered either email or push notifications, instead being limited to
desktop notifications and the "mentions" counter.
We fix this just by plumbing the "wildcard_mentioned" flag through our
system.
Implements much of
https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues/6040#issuecomment-510157264.
We're also now ready to seriously work on #3750.
Previous cleanups (mostly the removals of Python __future__ imports)
were done in a way that introduced leading newlines. Delete leading
newlines from all files, except static/assets/zulip-emoji/NOTICE,
which is a verbatim copy of the Apache 2.0 license.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulipchat.com>
This provides a clean warning and 40x error, rather than a 500, for
this corner case which is very likely user error.
The test here is awkward because we have to work around
https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues/12362.
This contains email of the user to whom notification is being
send. This has not been used in any past mobile releases, so it is
safe to remove it.
As user_id will be stable for the user, but not email. So it's better to
start consuming `user_id` instead of email on mobile.
When a bunch of messages with active notifications are all read at
once -- e.g. by the user choosing to mark all messages, or all in a
stream, as read, or just scrolling quickly through a PM conversation
-- there can be a large batch of this information to convey. Doing it
in a single GCM/FCM message is better for server congestion, and for
the device's battery.
The corresponding client-side logic is in zulip/zulip-mobile#3343 .
Existing clients today only understand one message ID at a time; so
accommodate them by sending individual GCM/FCM messages up to an
arbitrary threshold, with the rest only as a batch.
Also add an explicit test for this logic. The existing tests
that happen to cause this function to run don't exercise the
last condition, so without a new test `--coverage` complains.
Since da8f4bc0e back in August, this control flow has caused
`flags.active_mobile_push_notification` to be cleared if we don't send
these `remove` messages at all, and if we send them directly to GCM...
but not if we send them via the Zulip notification bouncer.
As a result, on a server configured to send `remove` notification-messages
via the bouncer, we accumulate "active" messages and never clear them.
If the user then does `mark_all_as_read`, we end up sending a `remove`
for each of those messages again, and all in one giant burst. We've
seen puzzling bursts of hundreds of removals pass through the bouncer
since turning on removals on chat.zulip.org; it's likely many of them
are caused by this bug.
This issue was made more acute with f4478aad5, which unconditionally
enabled removals.
Test added by tabbott.
The client-side fix to make these not a problem was in release
16.2.96, of 2018-08-22. We've been sending them from the
development community server chat.zulip.org since 2018-11-29.
We started forcing clients to upgrade with commit fb7bfbe9a,
deployed 2018-12-05 to zulipchat.com.
(The mobile app unconditionally makes a request to a route on
zulipchat.com to check for this kind of forced upgrade, so that
applies to mobile users of any Zulip server.)
So at this point it's long past safe for us to unconditionally
send these. Hardwire the old `SEND_REMOVE_PUSH_NOTIFICATIONS`
setting to True, and simplify it out.
I was hoping this would make things faster... it does, but sadly only
by about 70ms, 5% of this file's test runtime.
It sure does make this file rather less action-at-a-distance, though,
as well as fixing some duplication.
If we make a practice on the Zulip server of always explicitly setting
the desired priority, then when an old server doesn't set the priority
we can reasonably have the bouncer make a guess.
That is, this allows a Zulip server to now set the `priority`; but if
it doesn't, we use upstream's default value, which has the same effect
as we've always previously had by not setting it at all.
But when this is deployed to the push notifications bouncer server, it
does allow another server to set priority when pushing notifications
through the bouncer.
This adds a new API for sending basic analytics data (number of users,
number of messages sent) from a Zulip server to the Zulip Cloud
central analytics database, which will make it possible for servers to
elect to have their usage numbers counted in published stats on the
size of the Zulip ecosystem.
This checks if push_notification_enabled() is set to false in
handle_push_notification and adds an early return statement.
This is a significant performance optimization for our unit tests
because the push notifications code path does a number of database
queries, and this migration means we don't end up doing those queries
the hundreds of times we send PMs or mentions in our tests where we're
not trying to test the push notifications functionality.
This should also have a small message sending scalability improvement
for any Zulip servers without push notifications enabled.
Tweaked by tabbott to fix a few small issues.
Fixes#10895.
While reviewing #11012, I discovered a nondeterministic result for
test_signup, which I tracked down to specifically this triple of tests
failing when run in this order:
test-backend GCMSuccessTest \
zerver.tests.test_push_notifications.TestAPNs.test_get_apns_client \
zerver.tests.test_signup.LoginTest.test_register
with a query count mismatch like this:
expected length: 73
actual length: 79
Comparing the list of queries, it's clear that test_register was
seeing `push_notifications_enabled()` returning True in this test order.
It's not clear why GCMSuccessTest was required here (it was!), but
further debugging determined the problem was that
`test_get_apns_client` left the _apns_client initialization system in
a state where get_apns_client would return a non-None value, resulting
in push_notifications_enabled() returning True for future tests.
The immediate fix is to just reset the `_apns_client` and
`_apns_client_initializedstate` state properly after the test runs;
but arguably we should do a larger refactor to make this less
fragile.
If a user deletes message between when it triggered a potential push
notification for another user, and when that notification was actually
sent, we'd end up with a situation where the `Message` table didn't
have an entry for the requested message ID.
The clean fix for this is to still throw an exception in the event
that the message doesn't exist at all, but if it exists in
ArchivedMessage, don't throw a user-facing exception.
While it could make sense to print these logging statements at WARN
level on server startup, it doesn't make sense to do so on every
message (though it perhaps did make sense to do so before more recent
changes added good ways to discover you forgot to configure push
notifications).
Instead, we now just do a WARN log on queue processor startup, and
then at DEBUG level for individual messages.
Fixes#10894.
Also, rename get_alert_from_message to get_gcm_alert.
With the implementation of the and get_apns_alert_title and
get_apns_alert_subtitle, the logic within get_alert_from_message
is only relevant to the GCM payload, so we adjust the name
accordingly.
Progresses #9949.
Resolves https://github.com/zulip/zulip-mobile/issues/1316.
The string that is returned from get_alert_from_message is
dependent upon the same message that is passed into get_apns_payload
and get_gcm_payload. The contents of those payloads that are tested via
TestGetAPNsPayload and TestGetGCMPayload, which makes the tests for
get_alert_from_message redundant.
Also, simplify the logic by removing the last elif conditional.
The APNS client libraries (especially the hyper.http20 one) were
determined via profiling to take significant time during the import
process, so we move them to be lazily imported in order to optimize
the overall Zulip import process. This save up to about 100ms in
import time.
These libraries are only used in certain Django processes inside
zulipchat.com, and so are unnecessary both in development as well as
for self-hosted Zulip servers.
Now that we allow multiple users to have registered the same token, we
need to configure calls to unregister tokens to only query the
targeted user_id.
We conveniently were already passing the `user_id` into the push
notification bouncer for the remove API, so no migration for older
Zulip servers is required.
This uses the recently introduced active_mobile_push_notification
flag; messages that have had a mobile push notification sent will have
a removal push notification sent as soon as they are marked as read.
Note that this feature is behind a setting,
SEND_REMOVE_PUSH_NOTIFICATIONS, since the notification format is not
supported by the mobile apps yet, and we want to give a grace period
before we start sending notifications that appear as (null) to
clients. But the tracking logic to maintain the set of message IDs
with an active push notification runs unconditionally.
This is designed with at-least-once semantics; so mobile clients need
to handle the possibility that they receive duplicat requests to
remove a push notification.
We reuse the existing missedmessage_mobile_notifications queue
processor for the work, to avoid materially impacting the latency of
marking messages as read.
Fixes#7459, though we'll need to open a follow-up issue for
using these data on iOS.
This adds a new function called handle_remove_push_notification in
zerver/lib/push_notifications.py which requires user_profile id and
the message id which has to be removed in the function.
For now, the function only supports GCM (and is mostly there for
prototyping).
The payload which is being delivered needs to contain the narrow
information and the content of the message.
This should make it much simpler for the mobile apps to line up the
data from server_settings against the data in the notifications.
Addresses part of #10094.
We've had this sort of logic for GCM for a long time; it's worth
adding for APNS as well.
Writing this is a bit of a reminder that I'm not a fan of how our unit
tests for push notifications work.
This exception class was clearly missing the part where `role` gets
stored, which was intended to be inherited from
InvalidZulipServerError.
This fixes an unnecessary 500 error in the push notifications bouncer.
This field has been unused by clients for some time, and isn't great
for our public archive feature plans (where we'll not want to be
including email addresses in messages).
When the answer is False, this will allow the mobile app to show a
warning that push notifications will not work and the server admin
should set them up.
Based partly on Kunal's PR #7810. Provides the necessary backend API
for zulip/zulip-mobile#1507.
I got distracted, came back later to a successful test run in my
terminal, and thought I remembered finishing the change and just
kicking off a final test run to check.
In fact, there was an `assert False` right in the normal case for
production, and I just hadn't finished a test for that path. (m.-)
Definitely the most grateful I've been for our coverage checks,
which highlighted this for me.
Remove the `assert False`, and also finish writing the test it was
there to help me write. Those lines are covered now.
Previously, these push notification events were being generated, but
then ignored in handle_push_notification because there was no
user_message object.
This removes the utterly unnecessary `triggers` dict (which always was
a dict with exactly one value True) in favor of a single field,
'trigger'.
Inspired by Kunal Gupta's work in #6659.
This test suite works by using the expected_output and new text_output
fields in the bugdown test cases to verify that each syntax is
correctly translated by this new function.
Some of these translations, like strikethrough, are kinda poor; but
this framework should make it easy to iterate on the formatting.
Fixes: #6720.
This is just enough of a quick fix to work with a stock Zulip 1.6
server. We should really also make this robust to arbitrary input
from the remote Zulip server, even though it'll be a little tedious.
And it works!
A couple of things still to do:
* When a device token is no longer active, we'll get HTTP status 410.
We should then remove the token from the database so we don't keep
trying to push to it. This is fairly urgent.
* The library we're using has a nice asynchronous API, but this
version doesn't use it. This is OK now, but async will be
essential at scale.
This code empirically doesn't work. It's not entirely clear why, even
having done quite a bit of debugging; partly because the code is quite
convoluted, and because it shows the symptoms of people making changes
over time without really understanding how it was supposed to work.
Moreover, this code targets an old version of the APNs provider API.
Apple deprecated that in 2015, in favor of a shiny new one which uses
HTTP/2 to meet the same needs for concurrency and scale that the old
one had to do a bunch of ad-hoc protocol design for.
So, rip this code out. We'll build a pathway to the new API from
scratch; it's not that complicated.
The whole thing is an error, so "message" is a more apt word for the
error message specifically. We abbreviate that as `msg` in the actual
HTTP responses and in the signatures of `json_error` and friends, so
do the same here.
This fixes a bug where we would previously not validate the format of
APNS tokens before writing them to the database, which could lead to
exceptions in the push notifications system if a buggy mobile app
submitted invalid format tokens.