This class encapsulates the mapping of stream ids to
recipient ids, and it is optimized for bulk use and
repeated use (i.e. it remembers values it already fetched).
This particular commit barely improves the performance
of gather_subscriptions_helper, but it sets us up for
further optimizations.
Long term, we may try to denormalize stream_id on to the
Subscriber table or otherwise modify the database so we
don't have to jump through hoops to do this kind of mapping.
This commit will help enable those changes, because we
isolate the mapping to this one new class.