Commit Graph

226 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Cyril Pletinckx 9afde790c6 email: Open a single SMTP connection to send email batches.
Previously the outgoing emails were sent over several SMTP
connections through the EmailSendingWorker; establishing a new
connection each time adds notable overhead.

Redefine EmailSendingWorker worker to be a LoopQueueProcessingWorker,
which allows it to handle batches of events. At the same time, persist
the connection across email sending, if possible.

The connection is initialized in the constructor of the worker
in order to keep the same connection throughout the whole process.
The concrete implementation of the consume_batch function is simply
processing each email one at a time until they have all been sent.

In order to reuse the previously implemented decorator to retry
sending failures a new method that meets the decorator's required
arguments is declared inside the EmailSendingWorker class. This
allows to retry the sending process of a particular email inside
the batch if the caught exception leaves this process retriable.

A second retry mechanism is used inside the initialize_connection
function to redo the opening of the connection until it works or
until three attempts failed. For this purpose the backoff module
has been added to the dependencies and a test has been added to
ensure that this retry mechanism works well.

The connection is closed when the stop method is called.

Fixes: #17672.
2021-04-26 17:27:22 -07:00
Mateusz Mandera 8d4ab69a46 docs: Move the /configure-missed-message-emails help page.
configure-message-notification-emails is the correct name now.
2021-04-21 10:10:54 -07:00
Mateusz Mandera ba7f2a22e6 docs: Add redirects for moved pages about stream archiving.
We're renaming "stream deletion" language to "stream archiving"
and these pages were moved in the process, so we should keep redirects
for them for a while.
2021-04-02 22:08:15 -07:00
shanukun 459710a897 refactor: Make acting_user a mandatory kwarg for do_set_realm_property. 2021-03-29 15:51:45 -07:00
Riken Shah 1d23d13ef5 urls: Add /flush_caches URL to remove all the server-side cache.
This endpoint is introduced for the puppeteer test, to
clear all the caches after each run.
2021-03-25 12:58:36 -07:00
Rex Ferrer d4c0578560 refactor: Integrate POSTRequestMock into HostRequestMock.
Minimized code duplication by integrating POSTRequestMock into
HostRequestMock and then updating the required files with
HostRequestMock.

Fixes part of #1211.
2021-03-03 21:52:05 -08:00
Anders Kaseorg 77b7914cd7 test_helpers: Strengthen some decorator types.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
2021-02-15 17:05:28 -08:00
Anders Kaseorg 6e4c3e41dc python: Normalize quotes with Black.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
2021-02-12 13:11:19 -08:00
Anders Kaseorg 11741543da python: Reformat with Black, except quotes.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
2021-02-12 13:11:19 -08:00
Anders Kaseorg bf45f921a7 url_preview: Allow Beautiful Soup to get the charset from <meta>.
An HTML document sent without a charset in the Content-Type header
needs to be scanned for a charset in <meta> tags.  We need to pass
bytes instead of str to Beautiful Soup to allow it to do this.

Fixes #16843.

Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
2020-12-15 11:30:57 -08:00
Steve Howell 637f596751 tests: Fix queries_captured to clear cache up front.
Before this change we were clearing the cache on
every SQL usage.

The code to do this was added in February 2017
in 6db4879f9c.

Now we clear the cache just one time, but before
the action/request under test.

Tests that want to count queries with a warm
cache now specify keep_cache_warm=True.  Those
tests were particularly flawed before this change.

In general, the old code both over-counted and
under-counted queries.

It under-counted SQL usage for requests that were
able to pull some data out of a warm cache before
they did any SQL.  Typically this would have bypassed
the initial query to get UserProfile, so you
will see several off-by-one fixes.

The old code over-counted SQL usage to the extent
that it's a rather extreme assumption that during
an action itself, the entries that you put into
the cache will get thrown away.  And that's essentially
what the prior code simulated.

Now, it's still bad if an action keeps hitting the
cache for no reason, but it's not as bad as hitting
the database.  There doesn't appear to be any evidence
of us doing something silly like fetching the same
data from the cache in a loop, but there are
opportunities to prevent second or third round
trips to the cache for the same object, if we
can re-structure the code so that the same caller
doesn't have two callees get the same data.

Note that for invites, we have some cache hits
that are due to the nature of how we serialize
data to our queue processor--we generally just
serialize ids, and then re-fetch objects when
we pop them off the queue.
2020-11-05 09:35:15 -08:00
Anders Kaseorg b9fd49a2c6 mypy: Correct mistaken *args type annotations.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
2020-10-23 11:29:13 -07:00
Steve Howell f86823f82f tests: Add cache_tries_captured helper. 2020-10-15 15:12:01 -07:00
Steve Howell ce70d08cbf test_helpers: Use mock.patch.multiple. 2020-10-15 15:12:01 -07:00
Alex Vandiver 536bd3188e middleware: Move locale-setting before domain checking.
Calling `render()` in a middleware before LocaleMiddleware has run
will pick up the most-recently-set locale.  This may be from the
_previous_ request, since the current language is thread-local.  This
results in the "Organization does not exist" page occasionally being
in not-English, depending on the preferences of the request which that
thread just finished serving.

Move HostDomainMiddleware below LocaleMiddleware; none of the earlier
middlewares call `render()`, so are safe.  This will also allow the
"Organization does not exist" page to be localized based on the user's
browser preferences.

Unfortunately, it also means that the default LocaleMiddleware catches
the 404 from the HostDomainMiddlware and helpfully tries to check if
the failure is because the URL lacks a language component (e.g.
`/en/`) by turning it into a 304 to that new URL.  We must subclass
the default LocaleMiddleware to remove this unwanted functionality.

Doing so exposes a two places in tests that relied (directly or
indirectly) upon the redirection: '/confirmation_key'
was redirected to '/en/confirmation_key', since the non-i18n version
did not exist; and requests to `/stats/realm/not_existing_realm/`
incorrectly were expecting a 302, not a 404.

This regression likely came in during f00ff1ef62, since prior to
that, the HostDomainMiddleware ran _after_ the rest of the request had
completed.
2020-09-14 22:16:09 -07:00
Anders Kaseorg 463929f349 urls: Migrate re_path routes to path.
Django treats path("<name>") like re_path(r"(?P<name>[^/]+)") and
path("<path:name>") like re_path(r"(?P<name>.+)").

This is more readable and consistent than the mix of slightly
different regexes we had before, and fixes various bugs:

• The r'apps/(.*)$' regex was missing a start anchor ^, so it
  incorrectly matched all URLs that included apps/ as a substring
  anywhere.
• The r'accounts/login/(google)/$' regex was missing a start anchor ^,
  so it incorrectly matched all URLs that ended with
  accounts/login/google/.
• The type annotation of zerver.views.realm_export.delete_realm_export
  takes export_id as an int, but it was previously passed as a string.
• The type annotation of zerver.views.users.avatar takes medium as a
  bool, but it was previously passed as a string.
• The [0-9A-Za-z]+ pattern for uidb64 was missing the - and _
  characters that can validly be part of a base64url encoded
  string (although I think the id is actually a decimal integer here,
  in which case only 012345ADEIMNOQTUYcgjkwxyz are present in its
  base64url encoding).

Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
2020-09-12 14:29:26 -07:00
Alex Vandiver 660c2e5383 tests: Add a mock to verify that queue_json_publish is valid JSON.
See also #16121.  However, that does not address the tests that
stub out the call to queue_json_publish itself.
2020-09-03 17:34:31 -07:00
Anders Kaseorg 1ded51aa9d python: Replace list literal concatenation with * unpacking.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
2020-09-02 11:15:41 -07:00
Anders Kaseorg 61d0417e75 python: Replace ujson with orjson.
Fixes #6507.

Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
2020-08-11 10:55:12 -07:00
Alex Vandiver 39368cad3a tornado: Extract functions called from django into one module.
This makes clearer the separation of concerns.
2020-08-10 16:55:56 -07:00
Anders Kaseorg a329b538d2 test_helpers: Fix instrument_url decorator type.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
2020-08-07 10:53:06 -07:00
Steve Howell 3b2c881ce6 tests: Decouple test_retention and test_reactions.
We generally want to avoid having two sibling test
suites depend on each other, unless there's a real
compelling reason to share code.  (And if there is
code to share, we can usually promote it to either
test_helpers or ZulipTestCase, as I did here.)

This commit is also prep for the next commit, where
I try to simplify all of the helpers in EmojiReactionBase.

Especially now that we have f-strings, it is usually
better to just call api_post explicitly than to
obscure the mechanism with thin wrappers around
api_post.  Our url schemes are pretty stable, so it's
unlikely that the helpers are actually gonna prevent
future busywork.
2020-07-17 11:04:54 -07:00
Anders Kaseorg 813cee3e50 test_helpers: Fix strict_optional errors.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
2020-07-06 11:25:48 -07:00
Anders Kaseorg 5fbccbf64d test_helpers: Fix type: ignore issues.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
2020-06-30 18:58:23 -07:00
wowol a3c475f137 urls: Migrate dev urls to use modern django patterns. 2020-06-23 15:02:44 -07:00
Anders Kaseorg 3916ea23a9 python: Combine some split import groups.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
2020-06-18 15:54:11 -07:00
Anders Kaseorg 69c0959f34 python: Fix misuse of Optional types for optional parameters.
There seems to have been a confusion between two different uses of the
word “optional”:

• An optional parameter may be omitted and replaced with a default
  value.
• An Optional type has None as a possible value.

Sometimes an optional parameter has a default value of None, or None
is otherwise a meaningful value to provide, in which case it makes
sense for the optional parameter to have an Optional type.  But in
other cases, optional parameters should not have Optional type.  Fix
them.

Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
2020-06-13 15:31:27 -07:00
Anders Kaseorg 365fe0b3d5 python: Sort imports with isort.
Fixes #2665.

Regenerated by tabbott with `lint --fix` after a rebase and change in
parameters.

Note from tabbott: In a few cases, this converts technical debt in the
form of unsorted imports into different technical debt in the form of
our largest files having very long, ugly import sequences at the
start.  I expect this change will increase pressure for us to split
those files, which isn't a bad thing.

Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
2020-06-11 16:45:32 -07:00
Anders Kaseorg 69730a78cc python: Use trailing commas consistently.
Automatically generated by the following script, based on the output
of lint with flake8-comma:

import re
import sys

last_filename = None
last_row = None
lines = []

for msg in sys.stdin:
    m = re.match(
        r"\x1b\[35mflake8    \|\x1b\[0m \x1b\[1;31m(.+):(\d+):(\d+): (\w+)", msg
    )
    if m:
        filename, row_str, col_str, err = m.groups()
        row, col = int(row_str), int(col_str)

        if filename == last_filename:
            assert last_row != row
        else:
            if last_filename is not None:
                with open(last_filename, "w") as f:
                    f.writelines(lines)

            with open(filename) as f:
                lines = f.readlines()
            last_filename = filename
        last_row = row

        line = lines[row - 1]
        if err in ["C812", "C815"]:
            lines[row - 1] = line[: col - 1] + "," + line[col - 1 :]
        elif err in ["C819"]:
            assert line[col - 2] == ","
            lines[row - 1] = line[: col - 2] + line[col - 1 :].lstrip(" ")

if last_filename is not None:
    with open(last_filename, "w") as f:
        f.writelines(lines)

Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulipchat.com>
2020-06-11 16:04:12 -07:00
Anders Kaseorg 67e7a3631d python: Convert percent formatting to Python 3.6 f-strings.
Generated by pyupgrade --py36-plus.

Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
2020-06-10 15:02:09 -07:00
whoodes cea7d713cd requirements: Upgrade boto to boto3.
Fixes: #3490

Contributors include:

Author:    whoodes <hoodesw@hawaii.edu>
Author:    zhoufeng1989 <zhoufengloop@gmail.com>
Author:    rht <rhtbot@protonmail.com>
2020-05-26 23:18:07 -07:00
Anders Kaseorg 840cf4b885 requirements: Drop direct dependency on mock.
mock is just a backport of the standard library’s unittest.mock now.

The SAMLAuthBackendTest change is needed because
MagicMock.call_args.args wasn’t introduced until Python
3.8 (https://bugs.python.org/issue21269).

The PROVISION_VERSION bump is skipped because mock is still an
indirect dev requirement via moto.

Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
2020-05-26 11:40:42 -07:00
wowol ffed6b87dd urls: Migrate urls to use modern django pattern.
New path() function changed the way a regex pattern
is created from urls - it adds escape backslashes,
so for testing purposes we need to take care of them
and remove them, to check if urls were tested.

Additionaly, regex patterns from urls can have
[^/]+ instead of [^/]*, so we need to take care
of it too.
2020-05-07 16:28:58 -07:00
Anders Kaseorg cebac3f35a db: Fix types to accept psycopg2.sql.Composable queries, avoid Any.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com>
2020-05-04 09:33:03 -07:00
Mateusz Mandera f1ec02b40a auth: Add ExternalAuthResult to manage data in authentication flows.
This new type eliminates a bunch of messy code that previously
involved passing around long lists of mixed positional keyword and
arguments, instead using a consistent data object for communicating
about the state of an external authentication (constructed in
backends.py).

The result is a significantly more readable interface between
zproject/backends.py and zerver/views/auth.py, though likely more
could be done.

This has the side effect of renaming fields for internally passed
structures from name->full_name, next->redirect_to; this results in
most of the test codebase changes.

Modified by tabbott to add comments and collaboratively rewrite the
initialization logic.
2020-04-28 22:19:02 -07:00
Anders Kaseorg fead14951c python: Convert assignment type annotations to Python 3.6 style.
This commit was split by tabbott; this piece covers the vast majority
of files in Zulip, but excludes scripts/, tools/, and puppet/ to help
ensure we at least show the right error messages for Xenial systems.

We can likely further refine the remaining pieces with some testing.

Generated by com2ann, with whitespace fixes and various manual fixes
for runtime issues:

-    invoiced_through: Optional[LicenseLedger] = models.ForeignKey(
+    invoiced_through: Optional["LicenseLedger"] = models.ForeignKey(

-_apns_client: Optional[APNsClient] = None
+_apns_client: Optional["APNsClient"] = None

-    notifications_stream: Optional[Stream] = models.ForeignKey('Stream', related_name='+', null=True, blank=True, on_delete=CASCADE)
-    signup_notifications_stream: Optional[Stream] = models.ForeignKey('Stream', related_name='+', null=True, blank=True, on_delete=CASCADE)
+    notifications_stream: Optional["Stream"] = models.ForeignKey('Stream', related_name='+', null=True, blank=True, on_delete=CASCADE)
+    signup_notifications_stream: Optional["Stream"] = models.ForeignKey('Stream', related_name='+', null=True, blank=True, on_delete=CASCADE)

-    author: Optional[UserProfile] = models.ForeignKey('UserProfile', blank=True, null=True, on_delete=CASCADE)
+    author: Optional["UserProfile"] = models.ForeignKey('UserProfile', blank=True, null=True, on_delete=CASCADE)

-    bot_owner: Optional[UserProfile] = models.ForeignKey('self', null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
+    bot_owner: Optional["UserProfile"] = models.ForeignKey('self', null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)

-    default_sending_stream: Optional[Stream] = models.ForeignKey('zerver.Stream', null=True, related_name='+', on_delete=CASCADE)
-    default_events_register_stream: Optional[Stream] = models.ForeignKey('zerver.Stream', null=True, related_name='+', on_delete=CASCADE)
+    default_sending_stream: Optional["Stream"] = models.ForeignKey('zerver.Stream', null=True, related_name='+', on_delete=CASCADE)
+    default_events_register_stream: Optional["Stream"] = models.ForeignKey('zerver.Stream', null=True, related_name='+', on_delete=CASCADE)

-descriptors_by_handler_id: Dict[int, ClientDescriptor] = {}
+descriptors_by_handler_id: Dict[int, "ClientDescriptor"] = {}

-worker_classes: Dict[str, Type[QueueProcessingWorker]] = {}
-queues: Dict[str, Dict[str, Type[QueueProcessingWorker]]] = {}
+worker_classes: Dict[str, Type["QueueProcessingWorker"]] = {}
+queues: Dict[str, Dict[str, Type["QueueProcessingWorker"]]] = {}

-AUTH_LDAP_REVERSE_EMAIL_SEARCH: Optional[LDAPSearch] = None
+AUTH_LDAP_REVERSE_EMAIL_SEARCH: Optional["LDAPSearch"] = None

Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulipchat.com>
2020-04-22 11:02:32 -07:00
Anders Kaseorg f8c95cda51 mypy: Add specific codes to type: ignore annotations.
https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/error_codes.html

Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulipchat.com>
2020-04-22 10:46:33 -07:00
Anders Kaseorg 029bfb9fee mypy: Remove unnecessary type: ignore annotations.
Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulipchat.com>
2020-04-22 10:46:33 -07:00
Anders Kaseorg c734bbd95d python: Modernize legacy Python 2 syntax with pyupgrade.
Generated by `pyupgrade --py3-plus --keep-percent-format` on all our
Python code except `zthumbor` and `zulip-ec2-configure-interfaces`,
followed by manual indentation fixes.

Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulipchat.com>
2020-04-09 16:43:22 -07:00
Steve Howell 1306239c16 tests: Use email/delivery_email more explicitly.
We try to use the correct variation of `email`
or `delivery_email`, even though in some
databases they are the same.

(To find the differences, I temporarily hacked
populate_db to use different values for email
and delivery_email, and reduced email visibility
in the zulip realm to admins only.)

In places where we want the "normal" realm
behavior of showing emails (and having `email`
be the same as `delivery_email`), we use
the new `reset_emails_in_zulip_realm` helper.

A couple random things:

    - I fixed any error messages that were leaking
      the wrong email

    - a test that claimed to rely on the order
      of emails no longer does (we sort user_ids
      instead)

    - we now use user_ids in some place where we used
      to use emails

    - for IRC mirrors I just punted and used
      `reset_emails_in_zulip_realm` in most places

    - for MIT-related tests, I didn't fix email
      vs. delivery_email unless it was obvious

I also explicitly reset the realm to a "normal"
realm for a couple tests that I frankly just didn't
have the energy to debug.  (Also, we do want some
coverage on the normal case, even though it is
"easier" for tests to pass if you mix up `email`
and `delivery_email`.)

In particular, I just reset data for the analytics
and corporate tests.
2020-03-19 16:04:03 -07:00
Mateusz Mandera 89394fc1eb middleware: Use request.user for logging when possible.
Instead of trying to set the _requestor_for_logs attribute in all the
relevant places, we try to use request.user when possible (that will be
when it's a UserProfile or RemoteZulipServer as of now). In other
places, we set _requestor_for_logs to avoid manually editing the
request.user attribute, as it should mostly be left for Django to manage
it.
In places where we remove the "request._requestor_for_logs = ..." line,
it is clearly implied by the previous code (or the current surrounding
code) that request.user is of the correct type.
2020-03-09 13:54:58 -07:00
Mateusz Mandera 0255ca9b6a middleware: Log user.id/realm.string_id instead of _email. 2020-03-09 13:54:58 -07:00
Mateusz Mandera 6a0b68bc7f models: Delete get_stream_recipient function and its uses.
With recipient being now a Stream field, there's no more use for
this helper function.
2020-02-18 10:49:14 -08:00
rht 41e3db81be dependencies: Upgrade to Django 2.2.10.
Django 2.2.x is the next LTS release after Django 1.11.x; I expect
we'll be on it for a while, as Django 3.x won't have an LTS release
series out for a while.

Because of upstream API changes in Django, this commit includes
several changes beyond requirements and:

* urls: django.urls.resolvers.RegexURLPattern has been replaced by
  django.urls.resolvers.URLPattern; affects OpenAPI code and related
  features which re-parse Django's internals.
  https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/28593
* test_runner: Change number to suffix. Django changed the name in this
  ticket: https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/28578
* Delete now-unnecessary SameSite cookie code (it's now the default).
* forms: urlsafe_base64_encode returns string in Django 2.2.
  https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/utils/#django.utils.http.urlsafe_base64_encode
* upload: Django's File.size property replaces _get_size().
  https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/_modules/django/core/files/base/
* process_queue: Migrate to new autoreload API.
* test_messages: Add an extra query caused by .refresh_from_db() losing
  the .select_related() on the Realm object.
* session: Sync SessionHostDomainMiddleware with Django 2.2.

There's a lot more we can do to take advantage of the new release;
this is tracked in #11341.

Many changes by Tim Abbott, Umair Waheed, and Mateusz Mandera squashed
are squashed into this commit.

Fixes #10835.
2020-02-13 16:27:26 -08:00
Tim Abbott cb2c96f736 test_templates: Remove shallow template rendering code.
This code was very useful when first implemented to help catch errors
where our backend templates didn't render, but has been superceded by
the success of our URL coverage testing (which ensures every URL
supported by Zulip's urls.py is accessed by our tests, with a few
exceptions) and other tests covering all of the emails Zulip sends.

It has a significant maintenance cost because it's a bit hacky and
involves generating fake context, so it makes sense to remove these.
Any future coverage issues with templates should be addressed with a
direct test that just accessing the relevant URL or sends the relevant
email.
2020-02-11 18:00:15 -08:00
Tim Abbott 91f1825474 test_helpers: Fix POSTRequestMock typing.
The proximal issue here is that in upcoming commits, we're going to
change the type of the `anchor` field in `get_messages_backend` to
support passing either an integer or a string.

Many of our tests using POSTRequestMock currently define a query
object that uses integer values for the integer fields we're going to
pass into it, e.g. {'num_after': 0}.  That is the correct type for
that field in the Zulip API, before HTTP encoding turns it into a
string.  However, because POSTRequestMock didn't use HTTP encoding at
all (which will convert the 0 into a '0'), it ended up passing an
integer to a function that can't possible receive one as an argument.

Ideally, we'd just get rid of POSTRequestMock, since it's a hack, and
just do real HTTP requests instead.

But since it's used in a lot of places making doing so somewhat
impractical, we can get past this issue by just making POSTRequestMock
convert integers to strings.
2020-01-29 11:24:58 -08:00
Mateusz Mandera 8d987ba5ae auth: Use tokens, with data stored in redis, for log_into_subdomain.
The desktop otp flow (to be added in next commits) will want to generate
one-time tokens for the app that will allow it to obtain an
authenticated session. log_into_subdomain will be the endpoint to pass
the one-time token to. Currently it uses signed data as its input
"tokens", which is not compatible with the otp flow, which requires
simpler (and fixed-length) token. Thus the correct scheme to use is to
store the authenticated data in redis and return a token tied to the
data, which should be passed to the log_into_subdomain endpoint.

In this commit, we replace the "pass signed data around" scheme with the
redis scheme, because there's no point having both.
2020-01-26 21:32:44 -08:00
Mateusz Mandera 510bc60663 test_helpers: Set Recipient class attrs in use_db_models.
Model classes fetched through apps.get_model don't get methods or class
attributes. It's not feasible to add them to all these objects in
use_db_models, but Recipient.PERSONAL etc. are worth setting, since
doing that increases the range of functions that can successfully be
imported and called in test_migrations.py.
2020-01-03 16:56:58 -08:00
Wyatt Hoodes f93efcb89c test_helpers: Refactor dummy file creation for broader use. 2019-08-07 12:05:44 -07:00
Wyatt Hoodes 4beec5c6b9 typing: Use TYPE_CHECKING when dealing with cyclic dependencies. 2019-07-31 12:19:39 -07:00