python: Modernize legacy Python 2 syntax with pyupgrade.

Generated by `pyupgrade --py3-plus --keep-percent-format` on all our
Python code except `zthumbor` and `zulip-ec2-configure-interfaces`,
followed by manual indentation fixes.

Signed-off-by: Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulipchat.com>

analytics/migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.db import migrations, models
@@ -90,22 +89,22 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
         ),
         migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
             name='usercount',
-            unique_together=set([('user', 'property', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
+            unique_together={('user', 'property', 'end_time', 'interval')},
         ),
         migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
             name='streamcount',
-            unique_together=set([('stream', 'property', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
+            unique_together={('stream', 'property', 'end_time', 'interval')},
         ),
         migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
             name='realmcount',
-            unique_together=set([('realm', 'property', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
+            unique_together={('realm', 'property', 'end_time', 'interval')},
         ),
         migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
             name='installationcount',
-            unique_together=set([('property', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
+            unique_together={('property', 'end_time', 'interval')},
         ),
         migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
             name='huddlecount',
-            unique_together=set([('huddle', 'property', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
+            unique_together={('huddle', 'property', 'end_time', 'interval')},
         ),
     ]

analytics/migrations/0002_remove_huddlecount.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import migrations
 
 
@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
     operations = [
         migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
             name='huddlecount',
-            unique_together=set([]),
+            unique_together=set(),
         ),
         migrations.RemoveField(
             model_name='huddlecount',

analytics/migrations/0003_fillstate.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
 

analytics/migrations/0004_add_subgroup.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
 

analytics/migrations/0005_alter_field_size.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
 

analytics/migrations/0006_add_subgroup_to_unique_constraints.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import migrations
 
 
@@ -11,18 +10,18 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
     operations = [
         migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
             name='installationcount',
-            unique_together=set([('property', 'subgroup', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
+            unique_together={('property', 'subgroup', 'end_time', 'interval')},
         ),
         migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
             name='realmcount',
-            unique_together=set([('realm', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
+            unique_together={('realm', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time', 'interval')},
         ),
         migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
             name='streamcount',
-            unique_together=set([('stream', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
+            unique_together={('stream', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time', 'interval')},
         ),
         migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
             name='usercount',
-            unique_together=set([('user', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
+            unique_together={('user', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time', 'interval')},
         ),
     ]

analytics/migrations/0007_remove_interval.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.10.4 on 2017-01-16 20:50
 from django.db import migrations
 
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
     operations = [
         migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
             name='installationcount',
-            unique_together=set([('property', 'subgroup', 'end_time')]),
+            unique_together={('property', 'subgroup', 'end_time')},
         ),
         migrations.RemoveField(
             model_name='installationcount',
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
         ),
         migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
             name='realmcount',
-            unique_together=set([('realm', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time')]),
+            unique_together={('realm', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time')},
         ),
         migrations.RemoveField(
             model_name='realmcount',
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
         ),
         migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
             name='streamcount',
-            unique_together=set([('stream', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time')]),
+            unique_together={('stream', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time')},
         ),
         migrations.RemoveField(
             model_name='streamcount',
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
         ),
         migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
             name='usercount',
-            unique_together=set([('user', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time')]),
+            unique_together={('user', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time')},
         ),
         migrations.RemoveField(
             model_name='usercount',

analytics/migrations/0008_add_count_indexes.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.10.5 on 2017-02-01 22:28
 from django.db import migrations
 
@@ -13,14 +12,14 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
     operations = [
         migrations.AlterIndexTogether(
             name='realmcount',
-            index_together=set([('property', 'end_time')]),
+            index_together={('property', 'end_time')},
         ),
         migrations.AlterIndexTogether(
             name='streamcount',
-            index_together=set([('property', 'realm', 'end_time')]),
+            index_together={('property', 'realm', 'end_time')},
         ),
         migrations.AlterIndexTogether(
             name='usercount',
-            index_together=set([('property', 'realm', 'end_time')]),
+            index_together={('property', 'realm', 'end_time')},
         ),
     ]

analytics/migrations/0009_remove_messages_to_stream_stat.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import migrations
 from django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
 from django.db.migrations.state import StateApps

analytics/migrations/0010_clear_messages_sent_values.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import migrations
 from django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
 from django.db.migrations.state import StateApps

analytics/migrations/0011_clear_analytics_tables.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import migrations
 from django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
 from django.db.migrations.state import StateApps

analytics/migrations/0012_add_on_delete.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.11.6 on 2018-01-29 08:14
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models

analytics/migrations/0013_remove_anomaly.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.11.18 on 2019-02-02 02:47
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.db import migrations
 

analytics/migrations/0014_remove_fillstate_last_modified.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.11.26 on 2020-01-27 04:32
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.db import migrations
 

analytics/migrations/0015_clear_duplicate_counts.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import migrations
 from django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
 from django.db.migrations.state import StateApps

analytics/views.py

@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ def get_chart_data(request: HttpRequest, user_profile: UserProfile, chart_name:
                             "analytics cron job running?" % (realm.string_id, start, end))
             raise JsonableError(_("No analytics data available. Please contact your server administrator."))
 
-    assert len(set([stat.frequency for stat in stats])) == 1
+    assert len({stat.frequency for stat in stats}) == 1
     end_times = time_range(start, end, stats[0].frequency, min_length)
     data = {'end_times': end_times, 'frequency': stats[0].frequency}  # type: Dict[str, Any]
 

confirmation/__init__.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 # Copyright: (c) 2008, Jarek Zgoda <jarek.zgoda@gmail.com>
 
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a

confirmation/migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import models, migrations
 import django.db.models.deletion
 

confirmation/migrations/0002_realmcreationkey.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import models, migrations
 import django.utils.timezone
 

confirmation/migrations/0003_emailchangeconfirmation.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.10.4 on 2017-01-17 09:16
 from django.db import migrations
 

confirmation/migrations/0004_remove_confirmationmanager.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.11.2 on 2017-07-08 04:23
 from django.db import migrations, models
 

confirmation/migrations/0005_confirmation_realm.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.11.6 on 2017-11-30 00:13
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.db import migrations, models
 import django.db.models.deletion

confirmation/migrations/0006_realmcreationkey_presume_email_valid.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.11.6 on 2018-01-29 18:39
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.db import migrations, models
 

confirmation/models.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 # Copyright: (c) 2008, Jarek Zgoda <jarek.zgoda@gmail.com>
 
 __revision__ = '$Id: models.py 28 2009-10-22 15:03:02Z jarek.zgoda $'

confirmation/settings.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 # Copyright: (c) 2008, Jarek Zgoda <jarek.zgoda@gmail.com>
 
 __revision__ = '$Id: settings.py 12 2008-11-23 19:38:52Z jarek.zgoda $'

corporate/migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.11.14 on 2018-09-25 12:02
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models

corporate/migrations/0002_customer_default_discount.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.11.16 on 2018-12-12 20:19
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.db import migrations, models
 

corporate/migrations/0003_customerplan.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.11.16 on 2018-12-22 21:05
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models

corporate/migrations/0004_licenseledger.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.11.18 on 2019-01-19 05:01
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models

corporate/migrations/0005_customerplan_invoicing.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.11.18 on 2019-01-28 13:04
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models

corporate/migrations/0006_nullable_stripe_customer_id.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.11.18 on 2019-01-29 01:46
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.db import migrations, models
 

corporate/migrations/0007_remove_deprecated_fields.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.11.18 on 2019-01-31 22:16
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.db import migrations
 

corporate/migrations/0008_nullable_next_invoice_date.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.11.20 on 2019-04-11 00:45
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.db import migrations, models
 

corporate/tests/test_stripe.py

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def read_stripe_fixture(decorated_function_name: str,
     def _read_stripe_fixture(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
         mock = operator.attrgetter(mocked_function_name)(sys.modules[__name__])
         fixture_path = stripe_fixture_path(decorated_function_name, mocked_function_name, mock.call_count)
-        fixture = ujson.load(open(fixture_path, 'r'))
+        fixture = ujson.load(open(fixture_path))
         # Check for StripeError fixtures
         if "json_body" in fixture:
             requestor = stripe.api_requestor.APIRequestor()
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ def normalize_fixture_data(decorated_function: CallableT,
     normalized_values = {pattern: {}
                          for pattern in pattern_translations.keys()}  # type: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]]
     for fixture_file in fixture_files_for_function(decorated_function):
-        with open(fixture_file, "r") as f:
+        with open(fixture_file) as f:
             file_content = f.read()
         for pattern, translation in pattern_translations.items():
             for match in re.findall(pattern, file_content):
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ def mock_stripe(tested_timestamp_fields: List[str]=[],
 
 # A Kandra is a fictional character that can become anything. Used as a
 # wildcard when testing for equality.
-class Kandra(object):  # nocoverage: TODO
+class Kandra:  # nocoverage: TODO
     def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         return True
 
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ class StripeTestCase(ZulipTestCase):
 
     # Upgrade without talking to Stripe
     def local_upgrade(self, *args: Any) -> None:
-        class StripeMock(object):
+        class StripeMock:
             def __init__(self, depth: int=1):
                 self.id = 'id'
                 self.created = '1000'
@@ -1045,8 +1045,8 @@ class RequiresBillingAccessTest(ZulipTestCase):
         # Make sure that we are testing all the JSON endpoints
         # Quite a hack, but probably fine for now
         string_with_all_endpoints = str(get_resolver('corporate.urls').reverse_dict)
-        json_endpoints = set([word.strip("\"'()[],$") for word in string_with_all_endpoints.split()
-                              if 'json' in word])
+        json_endpoints = {word.strip("\"'()[],$") for word in string_with_all_endpoints.split()
+                          if 'json' in word}
         # No need to test upgrade endpoint as it only requires user to be logged in.
         json_endpoints.remove("json/billing/upgrade")
 

docs/conf.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # zulip-contributor-docs documentation build configuration file, created by
 # sphinx-quickstart on Mon Aug 17 16:24:04 2015.

manage.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-from __future__ import (print_function)
 import os
 import sys
 import configparser

pgroonga/migrations/0001_enable.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.db import migrations
 

pgroonga/migrations/0002_html_escape_subject.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import connection, migrations
 from django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
 from django.db.migrations.state import StateApps

pgroonga/migrations/0003_v2_api_upgrade.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.db import migrations
 

puppet/zulip/files/nagios_plugins/zulip_app_frontend/check_cron_file

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def nagios_from_file(results_file: str, max_time_diff: int=60 * 2) -> 'Tuple[int
     This file is created by various nagios checking cron jobs such as
     check-rabbitmq-queues and check-rabbitmq-consumers"""
 
-    with open(results_file, 'r') as f:
+    with open(results_file) as f:
         data = f.read().strip()
     pieces = data.split('|')
 

puppet/zulip/files/nagios_plugins/zulip_app_frontend/check_send_receive_time

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ def get_zulips():
         last_event_id = max(last_event_id, int(event['id']))
     # If we get a heartbeat event, that means we've been hanging for
     # 40s, and we should bail.
-    if 'heartbeat' in set(event['type'] for event in res['events']):
+    if 'heartbeat' in {event['type'] for event in res['events']}:
         report("CRITICAL", msg="Got heartbeat waiting for Zulip, which means get_events is hanging")
     return [event['message'] for event in res['events']]
 

puppet/zulip/files/nagios_plugins/zulip_postgres_common/check_postgres_backup

@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ if subprocess.check_output(['psql', '-v', 'ON_ERROR_STOP=1',
     report('OK', 'this is not the primary')
 
 try:
-    with open('/var/lib/nagios_state/last_postgres_backup', 'r') as f:
+    with open('/var/lib/nagios_state/last_postgres_backup') as f:
         last_backup = dateutil.parser.parse(f.read())
-except IOError:
+except OSError:
     report('UNKNOWN', 'could not determine completion time of last Postgres backup')
 
 if datetime.now(tz=pytz.utc) - last_backup > timedelta(hours=25):

puppet/zulip_ops/files/nagios_plugins/zulip_zephyr_mirror/check_personal_zephyr_mirrors

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ down_count = 0
 for results_file_name in os.listdir(RESULTS_DIR):
     this_state = "OK"
     results_file = os.path.join(RESULTS_DIR, results_file_name)
-    with open(results_file, 'r') as f:
+    with open(results_file) as f:
         data = f.read().strip()
     last_check = os.stat(results_file).st_mtime
     time_since_last_check = time.time() - last_check

puppet/zulip_ops/files/nagios_plugins/zulip_zephyr_mirror/check_zephyr_mirror

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def report(state, data, last_check):
         data))
     exit(states[state])
 
-with open(RESULTS_FILE, 'r') as f:
+with open(RESULTS_FILE) as f:
     data = f.read().strip()
 if data.split("\n")[-1].strip() == "0":
     state = "OK"

scripts/lib/clean_emoji_cache.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ if ENV == "travis":
 
 def get_caches_in_use(threshold_days):
     # type: (int) -> Set[str]
-    setups_to_check = set([ZULIP_PATH, ])
+    setups_to_check = {ZULIP_PATH}
     caches_in_use = set()
 
     if ENV == "prod":

scripts/lib/clean_node_cache.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ if ENV == "travis":
 
 def get_caches_in_use(threshold_days):
     # type: (int) -> Set[str]
-    setups_to_check = set([ZULIP_PATH, ])
+    setups_to_check = {ZULIP_PATH}
     caches_in_use = set()
 
     if ENV == "prod":

scripts/lib/clean_venv_cache.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ if ENV == "travis":
 
 def get_caches_in_use(threshold_days):
     # type: (int) -> Set[str]
-    setups_to_check = set([ZULIP_PATH, ])
+    setups_to_check = {ZULIP_PATH}
     caches_in_use = set()
 
     def add_current_venv_cache(venv_name: str) -> None:

scripts/lib/node_cache.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def generate_sha1sum_node_modules(setup_dir=None, production=DEFAULT_PRODUCTION)
     if os.path.exists(YARN_LOCK_FILE_PATH):
         # For backwards compatibility, we can't assume yarn.lock exists
         sha1sum.update(subprocess_text_output(['cat', YARN_LOCK_FILE_PATH]).encode('utf8'))
-    with open(YARN_PACKAGE_JSON, "r") as f:
+    with open(YARN_PACKAGE_JSON) as f:
         yarn_version = json.load(f)['version']
         sha1sum.update(yarn_version.encode("utf8"))
     sha1sum.update(subprocess_text_output(['node', '--version']).encode('utf8'))

scripts/lib/setup_venv.py

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ def get_venv_packages(venv_path):
     package index file.
     """
     with open(get_index_filename(venv_path)) as reader:
-        return set(p.strip() for p in reader.read().split('\n') if p.strip())
+        return {p.strip() for p in reader.read().split('\n') if p.strip()}
 
 def try_to_copy_venv(venv_path, new_packages):
     # type: (str, Set[str]) -> bool
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ def do_patch_activate_script(venv_path):
     # venv_path should be what we want to have in VIRTUAL_ENV after patching
     script_path = os.path.join(venv_path, "bin", "activate")
 
-    with open(script_path, 'r') as f:
+    with open(script_path) as f:
         lines = f.readlines()
     for i, line in enumerate(lines):
         if line.startswith('VIRTUAL_ENV='):

scripts/lib/upgrade-zulip-stage-2

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ if not args.skip_puppet:
     subprocess.check_call(["apt-get", "update"])
     subprocess.check_call(["apt-get", "-y", "upgrade"])
 
-if not os.path.exists((os.path.join(deploy_path, "zproject/prod_settings.py"))):
+if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(deploy_path, "zproject/prod_settings.py")):
     # This is normally done in unpack-zulip, but for upgrading from
     # zulip<1.4.0, we need to do it.  See discussion in commit 586b23637.
     os.symlink("/etc/zulip/settings.py",

scripts/lib/zulip_tools.py

@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ def get_caches_to_be_purged(caches_dir, caches_in_use, threshold_days):
 
 def purge_unused_caches(caches_dir, caches_in_use, cache_type, args):
     # type: (str, Set[str], str, argparse.Namespace) -> None
-    all_caches = set([os.path.join(caches_dir, cache) for cache in os.listdir(caches_dir)])
+    all_caches = {os.path.join(caches_dir, cache) for cache in os.listdir(caches_dir)}
     caches_to_purge = get_caches_to_be_purged(caches_dir, caches_in_use, args.threshold_days)
     caches_to_keep = all_caches - caches_to_purge
 
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ def generate_sha1sum_emoji(zulip_path):
     # Take into account the version of `emoji-datasource-google` package
     # while generating success stamp.
     PACKAGE_FILE_PATH = os.path.join(zulip_path, 'package.json')
-    with open(PACKAGE_FILE_PATH, 'r') as fp:
+    with open(PACKAGE_FILE_PATH) as fp:
         parsed_package_file = json.load(fp)
     dependency_data = parsed_package_file['dependencies']
 
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ def parse_os_release():
     we avoid using it, as it is not available on RHEL-based platforms.
     """
     distro_info = {}  # type: Dict[str, str]
-    with open('/etc/os-release', 'r') as fp:
+    with open('/etc/os-release') as fp:
         for line in fp:
             line = line.strip()
             if not line or line.startswith('#'):

scripts/purge-old-deployments

@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ def parse_args():
 
 def get_deployments_to_be_purged(recent_deployments):
     # type: (Set[str]) -> Set[str]
-    all_deployments = set([os.path.join(DEPLOYMENTS_DIR, deployment)
-                           for deployment in os.listdir(DEPLOYMENTS_DIR)])
+    all_deployments = {os.path.join(DEPLOYMENTS_DIR, deployment)
+                       for deployment in os.listdir(DEPLOYMENTS_DIR)}
     deployments_to_purge = set()
     for deployment in all_deployments:
         # Deployments whose name is not in the format of a timestamp are

tools/documentation_crawler/documentation_crawler/settings.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 # Scrapy settings for documentation_crawler project
 #
 # For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or

tools/droplets/create.py

@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ def get_config():
 
 def user_exists(username):
     # type: (str) -> bool
-    print("Checking to see if GitHub user {0} exists...".format(username))
-    user_api_url = "https://api.github.com/users/{0}".format(username)
+    print("Checking to see if GitHub user {} exists...".format(username))
+    user_api_url = "https://api.github.com/users/{}".format(username)
     try:
         response = urllib.request.urlopen(user_api_url)
         json.load(response)
@@ -50,30 +50,30 @@ def user_exists(username):
         return True
     except urllib.error.HTTPError as err:
         print(err)
-        print("Does the github user {0} exist?".format(username))
+        print("Does the github user {} exist?".format(username))
         sys.exit(1)
 
 def get_keys(username):
     # type: (str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]
     print("Checking to see that GitHub user has available public keys...")
-    apiurl_keys = "https://api.github.com/users/{0}/keys".format(username)
+    apiurl_keys = "https://api.github.com/users/{}/keys".format(username)
     try:
         response = urllib.request.urlopen(apiurl_keys)
         userkeys = json.load(response)
         if not userkeys:
-            print("No keys found. Has user {0} added ssh keys to their github account?".format(username))
+            print("No keys found. Has user {} added ssh keys to their github account?".format(username))
             sys.exit(1)
         print("...public keys found!")
         return userkeys
     except urllib.error.HTTPError as err:
         print(err)
-        print("Has user {0} added ssh keys to their github account?".format(username))
+        print("Has user {} added ssh keys to their github account?".format(username))
         sys.exit(1)
 
 def fork_exists(username):
     # type: (str) -> bool
     print("Checking to see GitHub user has forked zulip/zulip...")
-    apiurl_fork = "https://api.github.com/repos/{0}/zulip".format(username)
+    apiurl_fork = "https://api.github.com/repos/{}/zulip".format(username)
     try:
         response = urllib.request.urlopen(apiurl_fork)
         json.load(response)
@@ -81,21 +81,21 @@ def fork_exists(username):
         return True
     except urllib.error.HTTPError as err:
         print(err)
-        print("Has user {0} forked zulip/zulip?".format(username))
+        print("Has user {} forked zulip/zulip?".format(username))
         sys.exit(1)
 
 def exit_if_droplet_exists(my_token: str, username: str, recreate: bool) -> None:
-    print("Checking to see if droplet for {0} already exists...".format(username))
+    print("Checking to see if droplet for {} already exists...".format(username))
     manager = digitalocean.Manager(token=my_token)
     my_droplets = manager.get_all_droplets()
     for droplet in my_droplets:
-        if droplet.name == "{0}.zulipdev.org".format(username):
+        if droplet.name == "{}.zulipdev.org".format(username):
             if not recreate:
-                print("Droplet for user {0} already exists. Pass --recreate if you "
+                print("Droplet for user {} already exists. Pass --recreate if you "
                       "need to recreate the droplet.".format(username))
                 sys.exit(1)
             else:
-                print("Deleting existing droplet for {0}.".format(username))
+                print("Deleting existing droplet for {}.".format(username))
                 droplet.destroy()
                 return
     print("...No droplet found...proceeding.")
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ def set_user_data(username, userkeys):
     # spaces here are important here - these need to be properly indented under
     # ssh_authorized_keys:
     for key in userkeys:
-        ssh_authorized_keys += "\n          - {0}".format(key['key'])
+        ssh_authorized_keys += "\n          - {}".format(key['key'])
     # print(ssh_authorized_keys)
 
     setup_repo = """\
@@ -121,11 +121,11 @@ cd /home/zulipdev/{1} && git remote add origin https://github.com/{0}/{1}.git &&
     #cloud-config
     users:
       - name: zulipdev
-        ssh_authorized_keys:{0}
+        ssh_authorized_keys:{}
     runcmd:
-      - su -c '{1}' zulipdev
+      - su -c '{}' zulipdev
       - su -c 'git clean -f' zulipdev
-      - su -c '{2}' zulipdev
+      - su -c '{}' zulipdev
       - su -c 'git clean -f' zulipdev
       - su -c 'git config --global core.editor nano' zulipdev
       - su -c 'git config --global pull.rebase true' zulipdev
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ def create_droplet(my_token, template_id, username, tags, user_data):
     # type: (str, str, str, List[str], str) -> str
     droplet = digitalocean.Droplet(
         token=my_token,
-        name='{0}.zulipdev.org'.format(username),
+        name='{}.zulipdev.org'.format(username),
         region='nyc3',
         image=template_id,
         size_slug='2gb',
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ def create_droplet(my_token, template_id, username, tags, user_data):
         actions = droplet.get_actions()
         for action in actions:
             action.load()
-            print("...[{0}]: {1}".format(action.type, action.status))
+            print("...[{}]: {}".format(action.type, action.status))
             if action.type == 'create' and action.status == 'completed':
                 incomplete = False
                 break
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ def create_droplet(my_token, template_id, username, tags, user_data):
             time.sleep(15)
     print("...droplet created!")
     droplet.load()
-    print("...ip address for new droplet is: {0}.".format(droplet.ip_address))
+    print("...ip address for new droplet is: {}.".format(droplet.ip_address))
     return droplet.ip_address
 
 def delete_existing_records(records: List[digitalocean.Record], record_name: str) -> None:
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ def delete_existing_records(records: List[digitalocean.Record], record_name: str
             record.destroy()
             count = count + 1
     if count:
-        print("Deleted {0} existing A records for {1}.zulipdev.org.".format(count, record_name))
+        print("Deleted {} existing A records for {}.zulipdev.org.".format(count, record_name))
 
 def create_dns_record(my_token, username, ip_address):
     # type: (str, str, str) -> None
@@ -187,9 +187,9 @@ def create_dns_record(my_token, username, ip_address):
     wildcard_name = "*." + username
     delete_existing_records(records, wildcard_name)
 
-    print("Creating new A record for {0}.zulipdev.org that points to {1}.".format(username, ip_address))
+    print("Creating new A record for {}.zulipdev.org that points to {}.".format(username, ip_address))
     domain.create_new_domain_record(type='A', name=username, data=ip_address)
-    print("Creating new A record for *.{0}.zulipdev.org that points to {1}.".format(username, ip_address))
+    print("Creating new A record for *.{}.zulipdev.org that points to {}.".format(username, ip_address))
     domain.create_new_domain_record(type='A', name=wildcard_name, data=ip_address)
 
 def print_completion(username):
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
 
     # get command line arguments
     args = parser.parse_args()
-    print("Creating Zulip developer environment for GitHub user {0}...".format(args.username))
+    print("Creating Zulip developer environment for GitHub user {}...".format(args.username))
 
     # get config details
     config = get_config()

tools/fetch-contributor-data

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def write_to_disk(json_data: ContributorsJSON, out_file: str) -> None:
     with open(out_file, 'w') as f:
         try:
             f.write("{}\n".format(json.dumps(json_data, indent=2, sort_keys=True)))
-        except IOError as e:
+        except OSError as e:
             logger.warning(e)
             sys.exit(1)
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ def update_contributor_data_file() -> None:
 
         # remove duplicate contributions count
         # find commits at the time of split and subtract from zulip-server
-        with open(duplicate_commits_file, 'r') as f:
+        with open(duplicate_commits_file) as f:
             duplicate_commits = json.load(f)
             for committer in duplicate_commits:
                 if committer in contribs_list and contribs_list[committer].get('server'):

tools/get-handlebar-vars

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def debug(obj):
 
 def parse_file(fn):
     # type: (str) -> Dict[str, Any]
-    with open(fn, 'r') as f:
+    with open(fn) as f:
         text = f.read()
     tags = re.findall(r'{+\s*(.*?)\s*}+', text)
     root = {}  # type: Dict[str, Any]

tools/i18n/tagmessages

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
 
 import configparser
 from hashlib import md5

tools/lib/gitlint-rules.py

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class TitleMatchRegexAllowException(LineRule):
         regex = self.options['regex'].value
         pattern = re.compile(regex, re.UNICODE)
         if not pattern.search(title) and not title.startswith("Revert \""):
-            violation_msg = u"Title does not match regex ({0})".format(regex)
+            violation_msg = "Title does not match regex ({})".format(regex)
             return [RuleViolation(self.id, violation_msg, title)]
 
         return []

tools/lib/graph.py

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ def make_dot_file(graph):
 
 def test():
     # type: () -> None
-    graph = Graph(set([
+    graph = Graph({
         ('x', 'a'),
         ('a', 'b'),
         ('b', 'c'),
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ def test():
         ('d', 'e'),
         ('e', 'f'),
         ('e', 'g'),
-    ]))
+    })
     graph.remove_exterior_nodes()
 
     s = make_dot_file(graph)

tools/lib/html_branches.py

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ def build_id_dict(templates):
     template_id_dict = defaultdict(list)  # type: (Dict[str, List[str]])
 
     for fn in templates:
-        with open(fn, 'r') as f:
+        with open(fn) as f:
             text = f.read()
         list_tags = tokenize(text)
 

tools/lib/html_grep.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ def show_all_branches(fns):
     # type: (List[str]) -> None
     for fn in fns:
         print(fn)
-        with open(fn, 'r') as f:
+        with open(fn) as f:
             text = f.read()
         branches = html_branches(text, fn=fn)
         for branch in branches:
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class Grepper:
         all_branches = []  # type: List[HtmlTreeBranch]
 
         for fn in fns:
-            with open(fn, 'r') as f:
+            with open(fn) as f:
                 text = f.read()
             branches = html_branches(text, fn=fn)
             all_branches += branches

tools/lib/pretty_print.py

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ def pretty_print_html(html, num_spaces=4):
 
 def validate_indent_html(fn, fix):
     # type: (str, bool) -> int
-    with open(fn, 'r') as f:
+    with open(fn) as f:
         html = f.read()
     phtml = pretty_print_html(html)
     if not html.split('\n') == phtml.split('\n'):

tools/lib/provision_inner.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def setup_shell_profile(shell_profile):
     def write_command(command):
         # type: (str) -> None
         if os.path.exists(shell_profile_path):
-            with open(shell_profile_path, 'r') as shell_profile_file:
+            with open(shell_profile_path) as shell_profile_file:
                 lines = [line.strip() for line in shell_profile_file.readlines()]
             if command not in lines:
                 with open(shell_profile_path, 'a+') as shell_profile_file:
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ def setup_bash_profile() -> None:
 
         if os.path.exists(DOT_PROFILE):
             try:
-                with open(BASH_PROFILE, "r") as f:
+                with open(BASH_PROFILE) as f:
                     profile_contents = f.read()
                 if profile_contents == OLD_PROFILE_TEXT:
                     os.unlink(BASH_PROFILE)

tools/lib/template_parser.py

@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ def validate(fn=None, text=None, check_indent=True):
         fn = '<in memory file>'
 
     if text is None:
-        with open(fn, 'r') as f:
+        with open(fn) as f:
             text = f.read()
 
     tokens = tokenize(text)

tools/lib/test_script.py

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def get_provisioning_status():
         # their own dependencies and not running provision.
         return True, None
 
-    with open(version_file, 'r') as f:
+    with open(version_file) as f:
         version = f.read().strip()
 
     # Normal path for people that provision--we're all good!

tools/lint

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import absolute_import
 import os
 import sys
 import argparse

tools/linter_lib/custom_check.py

@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-
 from typing import List, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from zulint.custom_rules import RuleList
@@ -57,7 +52,7 @@ FILES_WITH_LEGACY_SUBJECT = {
 shebang_rules = [
     {'pattern': '^#!',
      'description': "zerver library code shouldn't have a shebang line.",
-     'include_only': set(['zerver/'])},
+     'include_only': {'zerver/'}},
     # /bin/sh and /usr/bin/env are the only two binaries
     # that NixOS provides at a fixed path (outside a
     # buildFHSUserEnv sandbox).
@@ -81,12 +76,12 @@ whitespace_rules = [
      },
     {'pattern': '\t',
      'strip': '\n',
-     'exclude': set(['tools/ci/success-http-headers.txt']),
+     'exclude': {'tools/ci/success-http-headers.txt'},
      'description': 'Fix tab-based whitespace'},
 ]  # type: List[Rule]
 comma_whitespace_rule = [
     {'pattern': ', {2,}[^#/ ]',
-     'exclude': set(['zerver/tests', 'frontend_tests/node_tests', 'corporate/tests']),
+     'exclude': {'zerver/tests', 'frontend_tests/node_tests', 'corporate/tests'},
      'description': "Remove multiple whitespaces after ','",
      'good_lines': ['foo(1, 2, 3)', 'foo = bar  # some inline comment'],
      'bad_lines': ['foo(1,  2, 3)', 'foo(1,    2, 3)']},
@@ -110,8 +105,8 @@ js_rules = RuleList(
     langs=['js'],
     rules=[
         {'pattern': 'subject|SUBJECT',
-         'exclude': set(['static/js/util.js',
-                         'frontend_tests/']),
+         'exclude': {'static/js/util.js',
+                     'frontend_tests/'},
          'exclude_pattern': 'emails',
          'description': 'avoid subject in JS code',
          'good_lines': ['topic_name'],
@@ -155,7 +150,7 @@ js_rules = RuleList(
          'description': 'Write JS else statements on same line as }'},
         {'pattern': r'''[.]text\(["'][a-zA-Z]''',
          'description': 'Strings passed to $().text should be wrapped in i18n.t() for internationalization',
-         'exclude': set(['frontend_tests/node_tests/'])},
+         'exclude': {'frontend_tests/node_tests/'}},
         {'pattern': r'''compose_error\(["']''',
          'description': 'Argument to compose_error should be a literal string enclosed '
                         'by i18n.t()'},
@@ -177,7 +172,7 @@ js_rules = RuleList(
          'bad_lines': ['$(document).ready(function () {foo();}']},
         {'pattern': '[$][.](get|post|patch|delete|ajax)[(]',
          'description': "Use channel module for AJAX calls",
-         'exclude': set([
+         'exclude': {
              # Internal modules can do direct network calls
              'static/js/blueslip.js',
              'static/js/channel.js',
@@ -185,17 +180,17 @@ js_rules = RuleList(
              'static/js/stats/',
              'static/js/portico/',
              'static/js/billing/',
-         ]),
+         },
          'good_lines': ['channel.get(...)'],
          'bad_lines': ['$.get()', '$.post()', '$.ajax()']},
         {'pattern': 'style ?=',
          'description': "Avoid using the `style=` attribute; we prefer styling in CSS files",
-         'exclude': set([
+         'exclude': {
              'frontend_tests/node_tests/copy_and_paste.js',
              'frontend_tests/node_tests/upload.js',
              'static/js/upload.js',
              'static/js/stream_color.js',
-         ]),
+         },
          'good_lines': ['#my-style {color: blue;}'],
          'bad_lines': ['<p style="color: blue;">Foo</p>', 'style = "color: blue;"']},
         *whitespace_rules,
@@ -212,14 +207,14 @@ python_rules = RuleList(
          'good_lines': ['topic_name'],
          'bad_lines': ['subject="foo"', ' MAX_SUBJECT_LEN'],
          'exclude': FILES_WITH_LEGACY_SUBJECT,
-         'include_only': set([
+         'include_only': {
              'zerver/data_import/',
              'zerver/lib/',
              'zerver/tests/',
-             'zerver/views/'])},
+             'zerver/views/'}},
         {'pattern': 'msgid|MSGID',
-         'exclude': set(['tools/check-capitalization',
-                         'tools/i18n/tagmessages']),
+         'exclude': {'tools/check-capitalization',
+                     'tools/i18n/tagmessages'},
          'description': 'Avoid using "msgid" as a variable name; use "message_id" instead.'},
         {'pattern': '^(?!#)@login_required',
          'description': '@login_required is unsupported; use @zulip_login_required',
@@ -227,10 +222,10 @@ python_rules = RuleList(
          'bad_lines': ['@login_required', ' @login_required']},
         {'pattern': '^user_profile[.]save[(][)]',
          'description': 'Always pass update_fields when saving user_profile objects',
-         'exclude_line': set([
+         'exclude_line': {
              ('zerver/lib/actions.py', "user_profile.save()  # Can't use update_fields because of how the foreign key works."),
-         ]),
-         'exclude': set(['zerver/tests', 'zerver/lib/create_user.py']),
+         },
+         'exclude': {'zerver/tests', 'zerver/lib/create_user.py'},
          'good_lines': ['user_profile.save(update_fields=["pointer"])'],
          'bad_lines': ['user_profile.save()']},
         {'pattern': r'^[^"]*"[^"]*"%\(',
@@ -252,7 +247,7 @@ python_rules = RuleList(
          'bad_lines': ['a =b', 'asdf =42']},
         {'pattern': r'":\w[^"]*$',
          'description': 'Missing whitespace after ":"',
-         'exclude': set(['zerver/tests/test_push_notifications.py']),
+         'exclude': {'zerver/tests/test_push_notifications.py'},
          'good_lines': ['"foo": bar', '"some:string:with:colons"'],
          'bad_lines': ['"foo":bar', '"foo":1']},
         {'pattern': r"':\w[^']*$",
@@ -261,7 +256,7 @@ python_rules = RuleList(
          'bad_lines': ["'foo':bar", "'foo':1"]},
         {'pattern': r"^\s+#\w",
          'strip': '\n',
-         'exclude': set(['tools/droplets/create.py']),
+         'exclude': {'tools/droplets/create.py'},
          'description': 'Missing whitespace after "#"',
          'good_lines': ['a = b # some operation', '1+2 #  3 is the result'],
          'bad_lines': [' #some operation', '  #not valid!!!']},
@@ -278,9 +273,9 @@ python_rules = RuleList(
          'good_lines': ['# type: (Any, Any)', 'colon:separated:string:containing:type:as:keyword'],
          'bad_lines': ['# type:(Any, Any)']},
         {'pattern': "type: ignore$",
-         'exclude': set(['tools/tests',
+         'exclude': {'tools/tests',
                      'zerver/lib/test_runner.py',
-                         'zerver/tests']),
+                     'zerver/tests'},
          'description': '"type: ignore" should always end with "# type: ignore # explanation for why"',
          'good_lines': ['foo = bar  # type: ignore # explanation'],
          'bad_lines': ['foo = bar  # type: ignore']},
@@ -318,17 +313,17 @@ python_rules = RuleList(
          'good_lines': ['"foo %s bar" % ("baz",)"'],
          'bad_lines': ['"foo %s bar" % ("baz")']},
         {'pattern': 'sudo',
-         'include_only': set(['scripts/']),
-         'exclude': set(['scripts/lib/setup_venv.py']),
-         'exclude_line': set([
+         'include_only': {'scripts/'},
+         'exclude': {'scripts/lib/setup_venv.py'},
+         'exclude_line': {
              ('scripts/lib/zulip_tools.py', 'sudo_args = kwargs.pop(\'sudo_args\', [])'),
              ('scripts/lib/zulip_tools.py', 'args = [\'sudo\'] + sudo_args + [\'--\'] + args'),
-         ]),
+         },
          'description': 'Most scripts are intended to run on systems without sudo.',
          'good_lines': ['subprocess.check_call(["ls"])'],
          'bad_lines': ['subprocess.check_call(["sudo", "ls"])']},
         {'pattern': 'django.utils.translation',
-         'include_only': set(['test/', 'zerver/views/development/']),
+         'include_only': {'test/', 'zerver/views/development/'},
          'description': 'Test strings should not be tagged for translation',
          'good_lines': [''],
          'bad_lines': ['django.utils.translation']},
@@ -341,25 +336,23 @@ python_rules = RuleList(
          'good_lines': ['return json_success()'],
          'bad_lines': ['return json_success({})']},
         {'pattern': r'\Wjson_error\(_\(?\w+\)',
-         'exclude': set(['zerver/tests', 'zerver/views/development/']),
+         'exclude': {'zerver/tests', 'zerver/views/development/'},
          'description': 'Argument to json_error should be a literal string enclosed by _()',
          'good_lines': ['return json_error(_("string"))'],
          'bad_lines': ['return json_error(_variable)', 'return json_error(_(variable))']},
         {'pattern': r'''\Wjson_error\(['"].+[),]$''',
-         'exclude': set(['zerver/tests']),
+         'exclude': {'zerver/tests'},
          'description': 'Argument to json_error should a literal string enclosed by _()'},
         # To avoid JsonableError(_variable) and JsonableError(_(variable))
         {'pattern': r'\WJsonableError\(_\(?\w.+\)',
-         'exclude': set(['zerver/tests', 'zerver/views/development/']),
+         'exclude': {'zerver/tests', 'zerver/views/development/'},
          'description': 'Argument to JsonableError should be a literal string enclosed by _()'},
         {'pattern': r'''\WJsonableError\(["'].+\)''',
-         'exclude': set(['zerver/tests', 'zerver/views/development/']),
+         'exclude': {'zerver/tests', 'zerver/views/development/'},
          'description': 'Argument to JsonableError should be a literal string enclosed by _()'},
         {'pattern': r"""\b_\((?:\s|{}|{})*[^\s'")]""".format(PYSQ, PYDQ),
          'description': 'Called _() on a computed string',
-         'exclude_line': set([
-             ('zerver/lib/i18n.py', 'result = _(string)'),
-         ]),
+         'exclude_line': {('zerver/lib/i18n.py', 'result = _(string)')},
          'good_lines': ["return json_error(_('No presence data for %s') % (target.email,))"],
          'bad_lines': ["return json_error(_('No presence data for %s' % (target.email,)))"]},
         {'pattern': r'''([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)=REQ\(['"]\1['"]''',
@@ -371,35 +364,35 @@ python_rules = RuleList(
     '''},
         # Directly fetching Message objects in e.g. views code is often a security bug.
         {'pattern': '[^r]Message.objects.get',
-         'exclude': set(["zerver/tests",
+         'exclude': {"zerver/tests",
                      "zerver/lib/onboarding.py",
                      "zilencer/management/commands/add_mock_conversation.py",
                      "zerver/worker/queue_processors.py",
                      "zerver/management/commands/export.py",
-                         "zerver/lib/export.py"]),
+                     "zerver/lib/export.py"},
          'description': 'Please use access_message() to fetch Message objects',
          },
         {'pattern': 'Stream.objects.get',
-         'include_only': set(["zerver/views/"]),
+         'include_only': {"zerver/views/"},
          'description': 'Please use access_stream_by_*() to fetch Stream objects',
          },
         {'pattern': 'get_stream[(]',
-         'include_only': set(["zerver/views/", "zerver/lib/actions.py"]),
-         'exclude_line': set([
+         'include_only': {"zerver/views/", "zerver/lib/actions.py"},
+         'exclude_line': {
              # This one in check_message is kinda terrible, since it's
              # how most instances are written, but better to exclude something than nothing
              ('zerver/lib/actions.py', 'stream = get_stream(stream_name, realm)'),
              ('zerver/lib/actions.py', 'return get_stream("signups", realm)'),
-         ]),
+         },
          'description': 'Please use access_stream_by_*() to fetch Stream objects',
          },
         {'pattern': 'Stream.objects.filter',
-         'include_only': set(["zerver/views/"]),
+         'include_only': {"zerver/views/"},
          'description': 'Please use access_stream_by_*() to fetch Stream objects',
          },
         {'pattern': '^from (zerver|analytics|confirmation)',
-         'include_only': set(["/migrations/"]),
-         'exclude': set([
+         'include_only': {"/migrations/"},
+         'exclude': {
              'zerver/migrations/0032_verify_all_medium_avatar_images.py',
              'zerver/migrations/0060_move_avatars_to_be_uid_based.py',
              'zerver/migrations/0104_fix_unreads.py',
@@ -407,11 +400,11 @@ python_rules = RuleList(
              'zerver/migrations/0209_user_profile_no_empty_password.py',
              'zerver/migrations/0260_missed_message_addresses_from_redis_to_db.py',
              'pgroonga/migrations/0002_html_escape_subject.py',
-         ]),
+         },
          'description': "Don't import models or other code in migrations; see docs/subsystems/schema-migrations.md",
          },
         {'pattern': 'datetime[.](now|utcnow)',
-         'include_only': set(["zerver/", "analytics/"]),
+         'include_only': {"zerver/", "analytics/"},
          'description': "Don't use datetime in backend code.\n"
          "See https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/code-style.html#naive-datetime-objects",
          },
@@ -431,7 +424,7 @@ python_rules = RuleList(
          'good_lines': ['if my_django_model.id == 42', 'self.user_profile._meta.pk'],
          'bad_lines': ['if my_django_model.pk == 42']},
         {'pattern': r'^[ ]*# type: \(',
-         'exclude': set([
+         'exclude': {
              # These directories, especially scripts/ and puppet/,
              # have tools that need to run before a Zulip environment
              # is provisioned; in some of those, the `typing` module
@@ -446,7 +439,7 @@ python_rules = RuleList(
              'zerver/views/streams.py',
              # thumbor is (currently) python2 only
              'zthumbor/',
-         ]),
+         },
          'description': 'Comment-style function type annotation. Use Python3 style annotations instead.',
          },
         {'pattern': r' = models[.].*null=True.*\)  # type: (?!Optional)',
@@ -471,7 +464,7 @@ python_rules = RuleList(
                        'stream = models.ForeignKey(Stream, on_delete=CASCADE)  # type: Optional[Stream]'],
          },
         {'pattern': r'[\s([]Text([^\s\w]|$)',
-         'exclude': set([
+         'exclude': {
              # We are likely to want to keep these dirs Python 2+3 compatible,
              # since the plan includes extracting them to a separate project eventually.
              'tools/lib',
@@ -479,26 +472,26 @@ python_rules = RuleList(
              'zerver/migrations/',
              # thumbor is (currently) python2 only
              'zthumbor/',
-         ]),
+         },
          'description': "Now that we're a Python 3 only codebase, we don't need to use typing.Text. Please use str instead.",
          },
         {'pattern': 'exit[(]1[)]',
-         'include_only': set(["/management/commands/"]),
+         'include_only': {"/management/commands/"},
          'description': 'Raise CommandError to exit with failure in management commands',
          },
         {'pattern': '.is_realm_admin =',
          'description': 'Use do_change_is_admin function rather than setting UserProfile\'s is_realm_admin attribute directly.',
-         'exclude': set([
+         'exclude': {
              'zerver/migrations/0248_userprofile_role_start.py',
              'zerver/tests/test_users.py',
-         ]),
+         },
          },
         {'pattern': '.is_guest =',
          'description': 'Use do_change_is_guest function rather than setting UserProfile\'s is_guest attribute directly.',
-         'exclude': set([
+         'exclude': {
              'zerver/migrations/0248_userprofile_role_start.py',
              'zerver/tests/test_users.py',
-         ]),
+         },
          },
         *whitespace_rules,
         *comma_whitespace_rule,
@@ -515,11 +508,11 @@ bash_rules = RuleList(
                         ' to set -x|set -e'},
         {'pattern': 'sudo',
          'description': 'Most scripts are intended to work on systems without sudo',
-         'include_only': set(['scripts/']),
-         'exclude': set([
+         'include_only': {'scripts/'},
+         'exclude': {
              'scripts/lib/install',
              'scripts/setup/configure-rabbitmq'
-         ]), },
+         }, },
         *whitespace_rules[0:1],
     ],
     shebang_rules=shebang_rules,
@@ -576,7 +569,7 @@ css_rules = RuleList(
 
 prose_style_rules = [
     {'pattern': r'[^\/\#\-"]([jJ]avascript)',  # exclude usage in hrefs/divs
-     'exclude': set(["docs/documentation/api.md"]),
+     'exclude': {"docs/documentation/api.md"},
      'description': "javascript should be spelled JavaScript"},
     {'pattern': r'''[^\/\-\."'\_\=\>]([gG]ithub)[^\.\-\_"\<]''',  # exclude usage in hrefs/divs
      'description': "github should be spelled GitHub"},
@@ -593,7 +586,7 @@ prose_style_rules = [
 ]  # type: List[Rule]
 html_rules = whitespace_rules + prose_style_rules + [
     {'pattern': 'subject|SUBJECT',
-     'exclude': set(['templates/zerver/email.html']),
+     'exclude': {'templates/zerver/email.html'},
      'exclude_pattern': 'email subject',
      'description': 'avoid subject in templates',
      'good_lines': ['topic_name'],
@@ -602,7 +595,7 @@ html_rules = whitespace_rules + prose_style_rules + [
      'description': "`placeholder` value should be translatable.",
      'exclude_line': {('templates/zerver/register.html', 'placeholder="acme"'),
                       ('templates/zerver/register.html', 'placeholder="Acme or Ακμή"')},
-     'exclude': set(["templates/analytics/support.html"]),
+     'exclude': {"templates/analytics/support.html"},
      'good_lines': ['<input class="stream-list-filter" type="text" placeholder="{{ _(\'Search streams\') }}" />'],
      'bad_lines': ['<input placeholder="foo">']},
     {'pattern': "placeholder='[^{]",
@@ -619,8 +612,8 @@ html_rules = whitespace_rules + prose_style_rules + [
      'bad_lines': ['<button aria-label="foo"></button>']},
     {'pattern': 'script src="http',
      'description': "Don't directly load dependencies from CDNs.  See docs/subsystems/html-css.md",
-     'exclude': set(["templates/corporate/billing.html", "templates/zerver/hello.html",
-                     "templates/corporate/upgrade.html"]),
+     'exclude': {"templates/corporate/billing.html", "templates/zerver/hello.html",
+                 "templates/corporate/upgrade.html"},
      'good_lines': ["{{ render_entrypoint('landing-page') }}"],
      'bad_lines': ['<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>']},
     {'pattern': "title='[^{]",
@@ -628,17 +621,17 @@ html_rules = whitespace_rules + prose_style_rules + [
      'good_lines': ['<link rel="author" title="{{ _(\'About these documents\') }}" />'],
      'bad_lines': ["<p title='foo'></p>"]},
     {'pattern': r'title="[^{\:]',
-     'exclude_line': set([
+     'exclude_line': {
          ('templates/zerver/app/markdown_help.html',
              '<td class="rendered_markdown"><img alt=":heart:" class="emoji" src="/static/generated/emoji/images/emoji/heart.png" title=":heart:" /></td>')
-     ]),
-     'exclude': set(["templates/zerver/emails", "templates/analytics/realm_details.html", "templates/analytics/support.html"]),
+     },
+     'exclude': {"templates/zerver/emails", "templates/analytics/realm_details.html", "templates/analytics/support.html"},
      'description': "`title` value should be translatable."},
     {'pattern': r'''\Walt=["'][^{"']''',
      'description': "alt argument should be enclosed by _() or it should be an empty string.",
-     'exclude': set(['static/templates/settings/display_settings.hbs',
+     'exclude': {'static/templates/settings/display_settings.hbs',
                  'templates/zerver/app/keyboard_shortcuts.html',
-                     'templates/zerver/app/markdown_help.html']),
+                 'templates/zerver/app/markdown_help.html'},
      'good_lines': ['<img src="{{source_url}}" alt="{{ _(name) }}" />', '<img alg="" />'],
      'bad_lines': ['<img alt="Foo Image" />']},
     {'pattern': r'''\Walt=["']{{ ?["']''',
@@ -649,13 +642,13 @@ html_rules = whitespace_rules + prose_style_rules + [
      'description': "Don't use inline event handlers (onclick=, etc. attributes) in HTML. Instead,"
      "attach a jQuery event handler ($('#foo').on('click', function () {...})) when "
      "the DOM is ready (inside a $(function () {...}) block).",
-     'exclude': set(['templates/zerver/dev_login.html', 'templates/corporate/upgrade.html']),
+     'exclude': {'templates/zerver/dev_login.html', 'templates/corporate/upgrade.html'},
      'good_lines': ["($('#foo').on('click', function () {}"],
      'bad_lines': ["<button id='foo' onclick='myFunction()'>Foo</button>", "<input onchange='myFunction()'>"]},
     {'pattern': 'style ?=',
      'description': "Avoid using the `style=` attribute; we prefer styling in CSS files",
      'exclude_pattern': r'.*style ?=["' + "'" + '](display: ?none|background: {{|color: {{|background-color: {{).*',
-     'exclude': set([
+     'exclude': {
          # KaTeX output uses style attribute
          'templates/zerver/app/markdown_help.html',
          # 5xx page doesn't have external CSS
@@ -714,7 +707,7 @@ html_rules = whitespace_rules + prose_style_rules + [
          'templates/analytics/realm_summary_table.html',
          'templates/corporate/zephyr.html',
          'templates/corporate/zephyr-mirror.html',
-     ]),
+     },
      'good_lines': ['#my-style {color: blue;}', 'style="display: none"', "style='display: none"],
      'bad_lines': ['<p style="color: blue;">Foo</p>', 'style = "color: blue;"']},
 ]  # type: List[Rule]
@@ -764,10 +757,10 @@ json_rules = RuleList(
         trailing_whitespace_rule,
         {'pattern': '\t',
          'strip': '\n',
-         'exclude': set(['zerver/webhooks/']),
+         'exclude': {'zerver/webhooks/'},
          'description': 'Fix tab-based whitespace'},
         {'pattern': r'":["\[\{]',
-         'exclude': set(['zerver/webhooks/', 'zerver/tests/fixtures/']),
+         'exclude': {'zerver/webhooks/', 'zerver/tests/fixtures/'},
          'description': 'Require space after : in JSON'},
     ]
 )
@@ -801,15 +794,15 @@ markdown_rules = RuleList(
          'description': 'Linkified markdown URLs should use cleaner <http://example.com> syntax.'},
         {'pattern': 'https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/[a-zA-Z0-9]',
          'exclude': {'docs/overview/contributing.md', 'docs/overview/readme.md', 'docs/README.md'},
-         'include_only': set(['docs/']),
+         'include_only': {'docs/'},
          'description': "Use relative links (../foo/bar.html) to other documents in docs/",
          },
         {'pattern': "su zulip -c [^']",
-         'include_only': set(['docs/']),
+         'include_only': {'docs/'},
          'description': "Always quote arguments using `su zulip -c '` to avoid confusion about how su works.",
          },
         {'pattern': r'\][(][^#h]',
-         'include_only': set(['README.md', 'CONTRIBUTING.md']),
+         'include_only': {'README.md', 'CONTRIBUTING.md'},
          'description': "Use absolute links from docs served by GitHub",
          },
     ],
@@ -823,10 +816,10 @@ help_markdown_rules = RuleList(
     rules=markdown_rules.rules + [
         {'pattern': '[a-z][.][A-Z]',
          'description': "Likely missing space after end of sentence",
-         'include_only': set(['templates/zerver/help/']),
+         'include_only': {'templates/zerver/help/'},
          },
         {'pattern': r'\b[rR]ealm[s]?\b',
-         'include_only': set(['templates/zerver/help/']),
+         'include_only': {'templates/zerver/help/'},
          'good_lines': ['Organization', 'deactivate_realm', 'realm_filter'],
          'bad_lines': ['Users are in a realm', 'Realm is the best model'],
          'description': "Realms are referred to as Organizations in user-facing docs."},

tools/linter_lib/pep8.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-
 from zulint.linters import run_pycodestyle
 
 from typing import List

tools/linter_lib/pyflakes.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-
 import argparse
 
 from typing import List

tools/pretty-print-html

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ def clean_html(filenames):
     # type: (List[str]) -> None
     for fn in filenames:
         print('Prettifying: %s' % (fn,))
-        with open(fn, 'r') as f:
+        with open(fn) as f:
             html = f.read()
         phtml = pretty_print_html(html)
         with open(fn, 'w') as f:

tools/stop-run-dev

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ os.chdir(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..'))
 pid_file_path = os.path.join(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'var/run/run_dev.pid'))
 
 try:
-    with open(pid_file_path, 'r') as pid_file:
+    with open(pid_file_path) as pid_file:
         try:
             pid = int(pid_file.read())
         except ValueError:

tools/test-backend

@@ -143,9 +143,9 @@ FAILED_TEST_PATH = 'var/last_test_failure.json'
 
 def get_failed_tests() -> List[str]:
     try:
-        with open(FAILED_TEST_PATH, 'r') as f:
+        with open(FAILED_TEST_PATH) as f:
             return ujson.load(f)
-    except IOError:
+    except OSError:
         print("var/last_test_failure.json doesn't exist; running all tests.")
         return []
 

tools/test-js-with-node

@@ -244,9 +244,9 @@ def check_line_coverage(fn, line_coverage, line_mapping, log=True):
 def read_coverage() -> Any:
     coverage_json = None
     try:
-        with open(NODE_COVERAGE_PATH, 'r') as f:
+        with open(NODE_COVERAGE_PATH) as f:
             coverage_json = ujson.load(f)
-    except IOError:
+    except OSError:
         print(NODE_COVERAGE_PATH + " doesn't exist. Cannot enforce fully covered files.")
         raise
     return coverage_json

tools/update-zuliprc-api-field

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ for zuliprc_path in zuliprc_paths_list:
     zuliprc = configparser.ConfigParser()
     result = ''
     try:
-        with open(zuliprc_path, 'r') as f:
+        with open(zuliprc_path) as f:
             zuliprc.read_file(f, zuliprc_path)
         api_details = zuliprc['api']
         email = api_details['email']
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ for zuliprc_path in zuliprc_paths_list:
                     zuliprc.write(w)
                 result = 'SUCCESS'
                 reason = 'API field updated for user %s' % (email,)
-            except (IOError, OSError):
+            except OSError:
                 result = 'FAILURE'
                 reason = 'Writing to file unsuccessful'
         else:

tools/zulip-export/zulip-export

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 # Copyright © 2014 Dropbox, Inc.
 #

zerver/data_import/gitter.py

@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ def do_convert_data(gitter_data_file: str, output_dir: str, threads: int=6) -> N
         raise Exception("Output directory should be empty!")
 
     # Read data from the gitter file
-    with open(gitter_data_file, "r") as fp:
+    with open(gitter_data_file) as fp:
         gitter_data = ujson.load(fp)
 
     realm, avatar_list, user_map = gitter_workspace_to_realm(

zerver/data_import/hipchat.py

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def untar_input_file(tar_file: str) -> str:
 def read_user_data(data_dir: str) -> List[ZerverFieldsT]:
     fn = 'users.json'
     data_file = os.path.join(data_dir, fn)
-    with open(data_file, "r") as fp:
+    with open(data_file) as fp:
         return ujson.load(fp)
 
 def convert_user_data(user_handler: UserHandler,
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ def convert_room_data(raw_data: List[ZerverFieldsT],
             users = set()
             if api_token is not None:
                 hc = hypchat.HypChat(api_token)
-                room_data = hc.fromurl('{0}/v2/room/{1}/member'.format(hc.endpoint, in_dict['id']))
+                room_data = hc.fromurl('{}/v2/room/{}/member'.format(hc.endpoint, in_dict['id']))
 
                 for item in room_data['items']:
                     hipchat_user_id = item['id']

zerver/data_import/mattermost.py

@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ def mattermost_data_file_to_dict(mattermost_data_file: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     mattermost_data["emoji"] = []
     mattermost_data["direct_channel"] = []
 
-    with open(mattermost_data_file, "r") as fp:
+    with open(mattermost_data_file) as fp:
         for line in fp:
             row = ujson.loads(line.rstrip("\n"))
             data_type = row["type"]

zerver/data_import/slack.py

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ def users_to_zerver_userprofile(slack_data_dir: str, users: List[ZerverFieldsT],
         if not user.get('is_primary_owner', False):
             user_id_count += 1
 
-        logging.info(u"{} -> {}".format(user['name'], userprofile_dict['email']))
+        logging.info("{} -> {}".format(user['name'], userprofile_dict['email']))
 
     process_customprofilefields(zerver_customprofilefield, zerver_customprofilefield_values)
     logging.info('######### IMPORTING USERS FINISHED #########\n')
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ def channels_to_zerver_stream(slack_data_dir: str, realm_id: int,
 
             stream_id_count += 1
             recipient_id_count += 1
-            logging.info(u"{} -> created".format(channel['name']))
+            logging.info("{} -> created".format(channel['name']))
 
             # TODO map Slack's pins to Zulip's stars
             # There is the security model that Slack's pins are known to the team owner
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ def channels_to_zerver_stream(slack_data_dir: str, realm_id: int,
 
             huddle_id_count += 1
             recipient_id_count += 1
-            logging.info(u"{} -> created".format(mpim['name']))
+            logging.info("{} -> created".format(mpim['name']))
 
     try:
         mpims = get_data_file(slack_data_dir + '/mpims.json')
@@ -649,8 +649,7 @@ def get_messages_iterator(slack_data_dir: str, added_channels: Dict[str, Any],
 
         # we sort the messages according to the timestamp to show messages with
         # the proper date order
-        for message in sorted(messages_for_one_day, key=lambda m: m['ts']):
-            yield message
+        yield from sorted(messages_for_one_day, key=lambda m: m['ts'])
 
 def channel_message_to_zerver_message(realm_id: int,
                                       users: List[ZerverFieldsT],
@@ -1095,7 +1094,7 @@ def do_convert_data(slack_zip_file: str, output_dir: str, token: str, threads: i
     logging.info("Zulip data dump created at %s" % (output_dir,))
 
 def get_data_file(path: str) -> Any:
-    with open(path, "r") as fp:
+    with open(path) as fp:
         data = ujson.load(fp)
         return data
 

zerver/forms.py

@@ -37,16 +37,16 @@ from typing import Any, List, Optional, Dict, Tuple
 from two_factor.forms import AuthenticationTokenForm as TwoFactorAuthenticationTokenForm
 from two_factor.utils import totp_digits
 
-MIT_VALIDATION_ERROR = u'That user does not exist at MIT or is a ' + \
-                       u'<a href="https://ist.mit.edu/email-lists">mailing list</a>. ' + \
-                       u'If you want to sign up an alias for Zulip, ' + \
-                       u'<a href="mailto:support@zulipchat.com">contact us</a>.'
+MIT_VALIDATION_ERROR = 'That user does not exist at MIT or is a ' + \
+                       '<a href="https://ist.mit.edu/email-lists">mailing list</a>. ' + \
+                       'If you want to sign up an alias for Zulip, ' + \
+                       '<a href="mailto:support@zulipchat.com">contact us</a>.'
 WRONG_SUBDOMAIN_ERROR = "Your Zulip account is not a member of the " + \
                         "organization associated with this subdomain.  " + \
                         "Please contact your organization administrator with any questions."
-DEACTIVATED_ACCOUNT_ERROR = u"Your account is no longer active. " + \
-                            u"Please contact your organization administrator to reactivate it."
-PASSWORD_TOO_WEAK_ERROR = u"The password is too weak."
+DEACTIVATED_ACCOUNT_ERROR = "Your account is no longer active. " + \
+                            "Please contact your organization administrator to reactivate it."
+PASSWORD_TOO_WEAK_ERROR = "The password is too weak."
 AUTHENTICATION_RATE_LIMITED_ERROR = "You're making too many attempts to sign in. " + \
                                     "Try again in %s seconds or contact your organization administrator " + \
                                     "for help."

zerver/lib/actions.py

@@ -1158,11 +1158,11 @@ def get_recipient_info(recipient: Recipient,
     # direct recipient or were mentioned; for now, we're just making
     # sure we have the data we need for that without extra database
     # queries.
-    default_bot_user_ids = set([
+    default_bot_user_ids = {
         row['id']
         for row in rows
         if row['is_bot'] and row['bot_type'] == UserProfile.DEFAULT_BOT
-    ])
+    }
 
     service_bot_tuples = [
         (row['id'], row['bot_type'])
@@ -1946,7 +1946,7 @@ def get_recipient_from_user_profiles(recipient_profiles: Sequence[UserProfile],
     # Otherwise, we need a huddle.  Make sure the sender is included in huddle messages
     recipient_profiles_map[sender.id] = sender
 
-    user_ids = set([user_id for user_id in recipient_profiles_map])  # type: Set[int]
+    user_ids = {user_id for user_id in recipient_profiles_map}  # type: Set[int]
     return get_huddle_recipient(user_ids)
 
 def validate_recipient_user_profiles(user_profiles: Sequence[UserProfile],
@@ -2680,7 +2680,7 @@ def bulk_get_subscriber_user_ids(stream_dicts: Iterable[Mapping[str, Any]],
         for stream_id in stream_ids
     ])
 
-    result = dict((stream["id"], []) for stream in stream_dicts)  # type: Dict[int, List[int]]
+    result = {stream["id"]: [] for stream in stream_dicts}  # type: Dict[int, List[int]]
     if not recipient_ids:
         return result
 
@@ -2857,7 +2857,7 @@ def bulk_add_subscriptions(streams: Iterable[Stream],
                            acting_user: Optional[UserProfile]=None) -> SubT:
     users = list(users)
 
-    recipients_map = dict((stream.id, stream.recipient_id) for stream in streams)  # type: Dict[int, int]
+    recipients_map = {stream.id: stream.recipient_id for stream in streams}  # type: Dict[int, int]
     recipient_ids = [recipient_id for recipient_id in recipients_map.values()]  # type: List[int]
 
     stream_map = {}  # type: Dict[int, Stream]
@@ -4877,7 +4877,7 @@ def gather_subscriptions_helper(user_profile: UserProfile,
     # Deactivated streams aren't in stream_hash.
     streams = [stream_hash[sub["stream_id"]] for sub in sub_dicts
                if sub["stream_id"] in stream_hash]
-    streams_subscribed_map = dict((sub["stream_id"], sub["active"]) for sub in sub_dicts)
+    streams_subscribed_map = {sub["stream_id"]: sub["active"] for sub in sub_dicts}
 
     # Add never subscribed streams to streams_subscribed_map
     streams_subscribed_map.update({stream['id']: False for stream in all_streams if stream not in streams})
@@ -5577,7 +5577,7 @@ def check_attachment_reference_change(message: Message) -> bool:
     # For a unsaved message edit (message.* has been updated, but not
     # saved to the database), adjusts Attachment data to correspond to
     # the new content.
-    prev_attachments = set([a.path_id for a in message.attachment_set.all()])
+    prev_attachments = {a.path_id for a in message.attachment_set.all()}
     new_attachments = set(message.potential_attachment_path_ids)
 
     if new_attachments == prev_attachments:
@@ -5652,7 +5652,7 @@ def try_update_realm_custom_profile_field(realm: Realm, field: CustomProfileFiel
     notify_realm_custom_profile_fields(realm, 'update')
 
 def try_reorder_realm_custom_profile_fields(realm: Realm, order: List[int]) -> None:
-    order_mapping = dict((_[1], _[0]) for _ in enumerate(order))
+    order_mapping = {_[1]: _[0] for _ in enumerate(order)}
     fields = CustomProfileField.objects.filter(realm=realm)
     for field in fields:
         if field.id not in order_mapping:

zerver/lib/alert_words.py

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ from typing import Dict, Iterable, List
 def alert_words_in_realm(realm: Realm) -> Dict[int, List[str]]:
     users_query = UserProfile.objects.filter(realm=realm, is_active=True)
     alert_word_data = users_query.filter(~Q(alert_words=ujson.dumps([]))).values('id', 'alert_words')
-    all_user_words = dict((elt['id'], ujson.loads(elt['alert_words'])) for elt in alert_word_data)
-    user_ids_with_words = dict((user_id, w) for (user_id, w) in all_user_words.items() if len(w))
+    all_user_words = {elt['id']: ujson.loads(elt['alert_words']) for elt in alert_word_data}
+    user_ids_with_words = {user_id: w for (user_id, w) in all_user_words.items() if len(w)}
     return user_ids_with_words
 
 @cache_with_key(realm_alert_words_automaton_cache_key, timeout=3600*24)
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def get_alert_word_automaton(realm: Realm) -> ahocorasick.Automaton:
                 (key, user_ids_for_alert_word) = alert_word_automaton.get(alert_word_lower)
                 user_ids_for_alert_word.add(user_id)
             else:
-                alert_word_automaton.add_word(alert_word_lower, (alert_word_lower, set([user_id])))
+                alert_word_automaton.add_word(alert_word_lower, (alert_word_lower, {user_id}))
     alert_word_automaton.make_automaton()
     # If the kind is not AHOCORASICK after calling make_automaton, it means there is no key present
     # and hence we cannot call items on the automaton yet. To avoid it we return None for such cases

zerver/lib/bugdown/__init__.py

@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ def list_of_tlds() -> List[str]:
 
     # tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt comes from https://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt
     tlds_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt')
-    tlds = [tld.lower().strip() for tld in open(tlds_file, 'r')
+    tlds = [tld.lower().strip() for tld in open(tlds_file)
             if tld not in blacklist and not tld[0].startswith('#')]
     tlds.sort(key=len, reverse=True)
     return tlds
@@ -563,10 +563,10 @@ class InlineInterestingLinkProcessor(markdown.treeprocessors.Treeprocessor):
             # We strip leading '/' from relative URLs here to ensure
             # consistency in what gets passed to /thumbnail
             url = url.lstrip('/')
-            img.set("src", "/thumbnail?url={0}&size=thumbnail".format(
+            img.set("src", "/thumbnail?url={}&size=thumbnail".format(
                 urllib.parse.quote(url, safe='')
             ))
-            img.set('data-src-fullsize', "/thumbnail?url={0}&size=full".format(
+            img.set('data-src-fullsize', "/thumbnail?url={}&size=full".format(
                 urllib.parse.quote(url, safe='')
             ))
         else:
@@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ class Avatar(markdown.inlinepatterns.Pattern):
                 profile_id = user_dict['id']
 
         img.set('class', 'message_body_gravatar')
-        img.set('src', '/avatar/{0}?s=30'.format(profile_id or email))
+        img.set('src', '/avatar/{}?s=30'.format(profile_id or email))
         img.set('title', email)
         img.set('alt', email)
         return img
@@ -1713,9 +1713,9 @@ def possible_linked_stream_names(content: str) -> Set[str]:
 
 class AlertWordsNotificationProcessor(markdown.preprocessors.Preprocessor):
 
-    allowed_before_punctuation = set([' ', '\n', '(', '"', '.', ',', '\'', ';', '[', '*', '`', '>'])
-    allowed_after_punctuation = set([' ', '\n', ')', '",', '?', ':', '.', ',', '\'', ';', ']', '!',
-                                     '*', '`'])
+    allowed_before_punctuation = {' ', '\n', '(', '"', '.', ',', '\'', ';', '[', '*', '`', '>'}
+    allowed_after_punctuation = {' ', '\n', ')', '",', '?', ':', '.', ',', '\'', ';', ']', '!',
+                                 '*', '`'}
 
     def check_valid_start_position(self, content: str, index: int) -> bool:
         if index <= 0 or content[index] in self.allowed_before_punctuation:

zerver/lib/bugdown/api_arguments_table_generator.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class MarkdownArgumentsTableGenerator(Extension):
 
 class APIArgumentsTablePreprocessor(Preprocessor):
     def __init__(self, md: markdown.Markdown, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
-        super(APIArgumentsTablePreprocessor, self).__init__(md)
+        super().__init__(md)
         self.base_path = config['base_path']
 
     def run(self, lines: List[str]) -> List[str]:
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class APIArgumentsTablePreprocessor(Preprocessor):
                         if e.args != ('parameters',):
                             raise e
                 else:
-                    with open(filename, 'r') as fp:
+                    with open(filename) as fp:
                         json_obj = json.load(fp)
                         arguments = json_obj[doc_name]
 

zerver/lib/bugdown/api_code_examples.py

@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ class APICodeExamplesGenerator(Extension):
 
 class APICodeExamplesPreprocessor(Preprocessor):
     def __init__(self, md: markdown.Markdown, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
-        super(APICodeExamplesPreprocessor, self).__init__(md)
+        super().__init__(md)
         self.api_url = config['api_url']
 
     def run(self, lines: List[str]) -> List[str]:

zerver/lib/bugdown/include.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
 import re
 import os
 from typing import Any, Dict, List
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ class IncludeCustomPreprocessor(IncludePreprocessor):
                             os.path.join(self.base_path, filename)
                         )
                     try:
-                        with open(filename, 'r', encoding=self.encoding) as r:
+                        with open(filename, encoding=self.encoding) as r:
                             text = r.readlines()
                     except Exception as e:
                         print('Warning: could not find file {}. Error: {}'.format(filename, e))

zerver/lib/bugdown/nested_code_blocks.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class NestedCodeBlocksRenderer(Extension):
 
 class NestedCodeBlocksRendererTreeProcessor(markdown.treeprocessors.Treeprocessor):
     def __init__(self, md: markdown.Markdown, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
-        super(NestedCodeBlocksRendererTreeProcessor, self).__init__(md)
+        super().__init__(md)
 
     def run(self, root: Element) -> None:
         code_tags = walk_tree_with_family(root, self.get_code_tags)

zerver/lib/bugdown/tabbed_sections.py

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class TabbedSectionsGenerator(Extension):
 
 class TabbedSectionsPreprocessor(Preprocessor):
     def __init__(self, md: markdown.Markdown, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
-        super(TabbedSectionsPreprocessor, self).__init__(md)
+        super().__init__(md)
 
     def run(self, lines: List[str]) -> List[str]:
         tab_section = self.parse_tabs(lines)

zerver/lib/bugdown/testing_mocks.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
 import ujson
 

zerver/lib/bulk_create.py

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ def bulk_set_users_or_streams_recipient_fields(model: Model,
         object_ids = [obj.id for obj in objects]
         recipients = Recipient.objects.filter(type=recipient_type, type_id__in=object_ids)
 
-    objects_dict = dict((obj.id, obj) for obj in objects)
+    objects_dict = {obj.id: obj for obj in objects}
 
     for recipient in recipients:
         assert recipient.type == recipient_type

zerver/lib/cache.py

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def get_or_create_key_prefix() -> str:
         # The file already exists
         tries = 1
         while tries < 10:
-            with open(filename, 'r') as f:
+            with open(filename) as f:
                 prefix = f.readline()[:-1]
             if len(prefix) == 33:
                 break
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ def cache_get_many(keys: List[str], cache_name: Optional[str]=None) -> Dict[str,
     remote_cache_stats_start()
     ret = get_cache_backend(cache_name).get_many(keys)
     remote_cache_stats_finish()
-    return dict([(key[len(KEY_PREFIX):], value) for key, value in ret.items()])
+    return {key[len(KEY_PREFIX):]: value for key, value in ret.items()}
 
 def safe_cache_get_many(keys: List[str], cache_name: Optional[str]=None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     """Variant of cache_get_many that drops any keys that fail
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ def safe_cache_set_many(items: Dict[str, Any], cache_name: Optional[str]=None,
         good_keys, bad_keys = filter_good_and_bad_keys(list(items.keys()))
         log_invalid_cache_keys(stack_trace, bad_keys)
 
-        good_items = dict((key, items[key]) for key in good_keys)
+        good_items = {key: items[key] for key in good_keys}
         return cache_set_many(good_items, cache_name, timeout)
 
 def cache_delete(key: str, cache_name: Optional[str]=None) -> None:
@@ -404,8 +404,8 @@ def generic_bulk_cached_fetch(
         cached_objects[key] = item
     if len(items_for_remote_cache) > 0:
         safe_cache_set_many(items_for_remote_cache)
-    return dict((object_id, cached_objects[cache_keys[object_id]]) for object_id in object_ids
-                if cache_keys[object_id] in cached_objects)
+    return {object_id: cached_objects[cache_keys[object_id]] for object_id in object_ids
+            if cache_keys[object_id] in cached_objects}
 
 def preview_url_cache_key(url: str) -> str:
     return "preview_url:%s" % (make_safe_digest(url),)
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ def user_profile_by_email_cache_key(email: str) -> str:
     return 'user_profile_by_email:%s' % (make_safe_digest(email.strip()),)
 
 def user_profile_cache_key_id(email: str, realm_id: int) -> str:
-    return u"user_profile:%s:%s" % (make_safe_digest(email.strip()), realm_id,)
+    return "user_profile:%s:%s" % (make_safe_digest(email.strip()), realm_id,)
 
 def user_profile_cache_key(email: str, realm: 'Realm') -> str:
     return user_profile_cache_key_id(email, realm.id)
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ def realm_user_dicts_cache_key(realm_id: int) -> str:
     return "realm_user_dicts:%s" % (realm_id,)
 
 def get_realm_used_upload_space_cache_key(realm: 'Realm') -> str:
-    return u'realm_used_upload_space:%s' % (realm.id,)
+    return 'realm_used_upload_space:%s' % (realm.id,)
 
 def active_user_ids_cache_key(realm_id: int) -> str:
     return "active_user_ids:%s" % (realm_id,)

zerver/lib/display_recipient.py

@@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ def bulk_fetch_display_recipients(recipient_tuples: Set[Tuple[int, int, int]]
         for recipient in recipient_tuples
     }
 
-    stream_recipients = set(
+    stream_recipients = {
         recipient for recipient in recipient_tuples if recipient[1] == Recipient.STREAM
-    )
+    }
     personal_and_huddle_recipients = recipient_tuples - stream_recipients
 
     def stream_query_function(recipient_ids: List[int]) -> List[TinyStreamResult]:

zerver/lib/email_notifications.py

@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ def do_send_missedmessage_events_reply_in_zulip(user_profile: UserProfile,
     if not user_profile.enable_offline_email_notifications:
         return
 
-    recipients = set((msg['message'].recipient_id, msg['message'].topic_name()) for msg in missed_messages)
+    recipients = {(msg['message'].recipient_id, msg['message'].topic_name()) for msg in missed_messages}
     if len(recipients) != 1:
         raise ValueError(
             'All missed_messages must have the same recipient and topic %r' %
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ def do_send_missedmessage_events_reply_in_zulip(user_profile: UserProfile,
         'narrow_url': narrow_url,
     })
 
-    senders = list(set(m['message'].sender for m in missed_messages))
+    senders = list({m['message'].sender for m in missed_messages})
     if (missed_messages[0]['message'].recipient.type == Recipient.HUDDLE):
         display_recipient = get_display_recipient(missed_messages[0]['message'].recipient)
         # Make sure that this is a list of strings, not a string.
@@ -383,9 +383,9 @@ def do_send_missedmessage_events_reply_in_zulip(user_profile: UserProfile,
     elif (context['mention'] or context['stream_email_notify']):
         # Keep only the senders who actually mentioned the user
         if context['mention']:
-            senders = list(set(m['message'].sender for m in missed_messages
+            senders = list({m['message'].sender for m in missed_messages
                             if m['trigger'] == 'mentioned' or
-                               m['trigger'] == 'wildcard_mentioned'))
+                            m['trigger'] == 'wildcard_mentioned'})
         message = missed_messages[0]['message']
         stream = Stream.objects.only('id', 'name').get(id=message.recipient.type_id)
         stream_header = "%s > %s" % (stream.name, message.topic_name())

zerver/lib/emoji.py

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ EMOTICON_CONVERSIONS = emoji_codes["emoticon_conversions"]
 possible_emoticons = EMOTICON_CONVERSIONS.keys()
 possible_emoticon_regexes = (re.escape(emoticon) for emoticon in possible_emoticons)
 terminal_symbols = ',.;?!()\\[\\] "\'\\n\\t'  # from composebox_typeahead.js
-emoticon_regex = ('(?<![^{0}])(?P<emoticon>('.format(terminal_symbols)
+emoticon_regex = ('(?<![^{}])(?P<emoticon>('.format(terminal_symbols)
                   + ')|('.join(possible_emoticon_regexes)
-                  + '))(?![^{0}])'.format(terminal_symbols))
+                  + '))(?![^{}])'.format(terminal_symbols))
 
 # Translates emoticons to their colon syntax, e.g. `:smiley:`.
 def translate_emoticons(text: str) -> str:

zerver/lib/export.py

@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ def sanity_check_output(data: TableData) -> None:
         list(apps.get_app_config('two_factor').get_models(include_auto_created=True)) +
         list(apps.get_app_config('zerver').get_models(include_auto_created=True))
     )
-    all_tables_db = set(model._meta.db_table for model in target_models)
+    all_tables_db = {model._meta.db_table for model in target_models}
 
     # These assertion statements will fire when we add a new database
     # table that is not included in Zulip's data exports.  Generally,
@@ -783,9 +783,9 @@ def sanity_check_stream_data(response: TableData, config: Config, context: Conte
         # complex to have a sanity check.
         return
 
-    actual_streams = set([stream.name for stream in Stream.objects.filter(
-        realm=response["zerver_realm"][0]['id'])])
-    streams_in_response = set([stream['name'] for stream in response['zerver_stream']])
+    actual_streams = {stream.name for stream in Stream.objects.filter(
+        realm=response["zerver_realm"][0]['id'])}
+    streams_in_response = {stream['name'] for stream in response['zerver_stream']}
 
     if len(streams_in_response - actual_streams) > 0:
         print("Error: Streams not present in the realm were exported:")
@@ -893,12 +893,12 @@ def fetch_huddle_objects(response: TableData, config: Config, context: Context)
     realm = context['realm']
     assert config.parent is not None
     assert config.parent.table is not None
-    user_profile_ids = set(r['id'] for r in response[config.parent.table])
+    user_profile_ids = {r['id'] for r in response[config.parent.table]}
 
     # First we get all huddles involving someone in the realm.
     realm_huddle_subs = Subscription.objects.select_related("recipient").filter(
         recipient__type=Recipient.HUDDLE, user_profile__in=user_profile_ids)
-    realm_huddle_recipient_ids = set(sub.recipient_id for sub in realm_huddle_subs)
+    realm_huddle_recipient_ids = {sub.recipient_id for sub in realm_huddle_subs}
 
     # Mark all Huddles whose recipient ID contains a cross-realm user.
     unsafe_huddle_recipient_ids = set()
@@ -914,8 +914,8 @@ def fetch_huddle_objects(response: TableData, config: Config, context: Context)
     # exporting the users from this realm), at the cost of losing
     # some of these cross-realm messages.
     huddle_subs = [sub for sub in realm_huddle_subs if sub.recipient_id not in unsafe_huddle_recipient_ids]
-    huddle_recipient_ids = set(sub.recipient_id for sub in huddle_subs)
-    huddle_ids = set(sub.recipient.type_id for sub in huddle_subs)
+    huddle_recipient_ids = {sub.recipient_id for sub in huddle_subs}
+    huddle_ids = {sub.recipient.type_id for sub in huddle_subs}
 
     huddle_subscription_dicts = make_raw(huddle_subs)
     huddle_recipients = make_raw(Recipient.objects.filter(id__in=huddle_recipient_ids))
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ def export_usermessages_batch(input_path: Path, output_path: Path,
     batch of Message objects and adds the corresponding UserMessage
     objects. (This is called by the export_usermessage_batch
     management command)."""
-    with open(input_path, "r") as input_file:
+    with open(input_path) as input_file:
         output = ujson.load(input_file)
     message_ids = [item['id'] for item in output['zerver_message']]
     user_profile_ids = set(output['zerver_userprofile_ids'])
@@ -979,7 +979,7 @@ def export_partial_message_files(realm: Realm,
         output_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="zulip-export")
 
     def get_ids(records: List[Record]) -> Set[int]:
-        return set(x['id'] for x in records)
+        return {x['id'] for x in records}
 
     # Basic security rule: You can export everything either...
     #   - sent by someone in your exportable_user_ids
@@ -1095,7 +1095,7 @@ def write_message_partial_for_query(realm: Realm, message_query: Any, dump_file_
     while True:
         actual_query = message_query.filter(id__gt=min_id)[0:chunk_size]
         message_chunk = make_raw(actual_query)
-        message_ids = set(m['id'] for m in message_chunk)
+        message_ids = {m['id'] for m in message_chunk}
         assert len(message_ids.intersection(all_message_ids)) == 0
 
         all_message_ids.update(message_ids)
@@ -1431,7 +1431,7 @@ def do_write_stats_file_for_realm_export(output_dir: Path) -> None:
     with open(stats_file, 'w') as f:
         for fn in fns:
             f.write(os.path.basename(fn) + '\n')
-            with open(fn, 'r') as filename:
+            with open(fn) as filename:
                 data = ujson.load(filename)
             for k in sorted(data):
                 f.write('%5d %s\n' % (len(data[k]), k))
@@ -1442,7 +1442,7 @@ def do_write_stats_file_for_realm_export(output_dir: Path) -> None:
 
         for fn in [avatar_file, uploads_file]:
             f.write(fn+'\n')
-            with open(fn, 'r') as filename:
+            with open(fn) as filename:
                 data = ujson.load(filename)
             f.write('%5d records\n' % (len(data),))
             f.write('\n')
@@ -1652,7 +1652,7 @@ def export_messages_single_user(user_profile: UserProfile, output_dir: Path,
         actual_query = user_message_query.select_related(
             "message", "message__sending_client").filter(id__gt=min_id)[0:chunk_size]
         user_message_chunk = [um for um in actual_query]
-        user_message_ids = set(um.id for um in user_message_chunk)
+        user_message_ids = {um.id for um in user_message_chunk}
 
         if len(user_message_chunk) == 0:
             break

zerver/lib/generate_test_data.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import os
 from scripts.lib.zulip_tools import get_or_create_dev_uuid_var_path
 
 def load_config() -> Dict[str, Any]:
-    with open("zerver/tests/fixtures/config.generate_data.json", "r") as infile:
+    with open("zerver/tests/fixtures/config.generate_data.json") as infile:
         config = ujson.load(infile)
 
     return config
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def parse_file(config: Dict[str, Any], gens: Dict[str, Any], corpus_file: str) -
 
     paragraphs = []  # type: List[str]
 
-    with open(corpus_file, "r") as infile:
+    with open(corpus_file) as infile:
         # OUR DATA: we need to separate the person talking and what they say
         paragraphs = remove_line_breaks(infile)
         paragraphs = add_flair(paragraphs, gens)

zerver/lib/i18n.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import operator
 
 from django.conf import settings
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ def with_language(string: str, language: str) -> str:
 @lru_cache()
 def get_language_list() -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
     path = os.path.join(settings.DEPLOY_ROOT, 'locale', 'language_name_map.json')
-    with open(path, 'r') as reader:
+    with open(path) as reader:
         languages = ujson.load(reader)
         return languages['name_map']
 
@@ -90,7 +89,7 @@ def get_language_translation_data(language: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
         language = 'id_ID'
     path = os.path.join(settings.DEPLOY_ROOT, 'locale', language, 'translations.json')
     try:
-        with open(path, 'r') as reader:
+        with open(path) as reader:
             return ujson.load(reader)
     except FileNotFoundError:
         print('Translation for {} not found at {}'.format(language, path))

zerver/lib/management.py

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ You can use the command list_realms to find ID of the realms in this server."""
 
         if options["users"] is None:
             return []
-        emails = set([email.strip() for email in options["users"].split(",")])
+        emails = {email.strip() for email in options["users"].split(",")}
         user_profiles = []
         for email in emails:
             user_profiles.append(self.get_user(email, realm))

zerver/lib/message.py

@@ -505,13 +505,13 @@ class MessageDict:
 
     @staticmethod
     def bulk_hydrate_recipient_info(objs: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> None:
-        recipient_tuples = set(  # We use set to eliminate duplicate tuples.
+        recipient_tuples = {  # We use set to eliminate duplicate tuples.
             (
                 obj['recipient_id'],
                 obj['recipient_type'],
                 obj['recipient_type_id']
             ) for obj in objs
-        )
+        }
         display_recipients = bulk_fetch_display_recipients(recipient_tuples)
 
         for obj in objs:

zerver/lib/narrow.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ def read_stop_words() -> List[str]:
     global stop_words_list
     if stop_words_list is None:
         file_path = os.path.join(settings.DEPLOY_ROOT, "puppet/zulip/files/postgresql/zulip_english.stop")
-        with open(file_path, 'r') as f:
+        with open(file_path) as f:
             stop_words_list = f.read().splitlines()
 
     return stop_words_list