diff --git a/zerver/actions/create_user.py b/zerver/actions/create_user.py
index ad1cac31ce..134786fe85 100644
--- a/zerver/actions/create_user.py
+++ b/zerver/actions/create_user.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from django.utils.translation import override as override_language
 
 from confirmation import settings as confirmation_settings
 from zerver.actions.message_send import (
-    internal_send_huddle_message,
+    internal_send_group_direct_message,
     internal_send_private_message,
     internal_send_stream_message,
 )
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def send_message_to_signup_notification_stream(
 
 def send_group_direct_message_to_admins(sender: UserProfile, realm: Realm, content: str) -> None:
     administrators = list(realm.get_human_admin_users())
-    internal_send_huddle_message(
+    internal_send_group_direct_message(
         realm,
         sender,
         content,
diff --git a/zerver/actions/message_send.py b/zerver/actions/message_send.py
index c1091e53fa..399d02cc45 100644
--- a/zerver/actions/message_send.py
+++ b/zerver/actions/message_send.py
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ from zerver.models import (
 from zerver.models.clients import get_client
 from zerver.models.groups import SystemGroups
 from zerver.models.realms import PrivateMessagePolicyEnum
-from zerver.models.recipients import get_huddle_user_ids
+from zerver.models.recipients import get_direct_message_group_user_ids
 from zerver.models.scheduled_jobs import NotificationTriggers
 from zerver.models.streams import get_stream, get_stream_by_id_in_realm
 from zerver.models.users import get_system_bot, get_user_by_delivery_email, is_cross_realm_bot_email
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ def get_recipient_info(
             )
 
     elif recipient.type == Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP:
-        message_to_user_id_set = set(get_huddle_user_ids(recipient))
+        message_to_user_id_set = set(get_direct_message_group_user_ids(recipient))
 
     else:
         raise ValueError("Bad recipient type")
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ def get_service_bot_events(
         # Mention triggers, for stream messages
         if is_stream and user_profile_id in mentioned_user_ids:
             trigger = "mention"
-        # Direct message triggers for personal and huddle messages
+        # Direct message triggers for personal and group direct messages
         elif not is_stream and user_profile_id in active_user_ids:
             trigger = NotificationTriggers.DIRECT_MESSAGE
         else:
@@ -1222,9 +1222,9 @@ def do_send_messages(
 
 def already_sent_mirrored_message_id(message: Message) -> Optional[int]:
     if message.recipient.type == Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP:
-        # For huddle messages, we use a 10-second window because the
-        # timestamps aren't guaranteed to actually match between two
-        # copies of the same message.
+        # For group direct messages, we use a 10-second window because
+        # the timestamps aren't guaranteed to actually match between
+        # two copies of the same message.
         time_window = timedelta(seconds=10)
     else:
         time_window = timedelta(seconds=0)
@@ -1989,7 +1989,7 @@ def internal_send_stream_message_by_name(
     return sent_message_result.message_id
 
 
-def internal_prep_huddle_message(
+def internal_prep_group_direct_message(
     realm: Realm,
     sender: UserProfile,
     content: str,
@@ -2011,7 +2011,7 @@ def internal_prep_huddle_message(
     )
 
 
-def internal_send_huddle_message(
+def internal_send_group_direct_message(
     realm: Realm,
     sender: UserProfile,
     content: str,
@@ -2019,7 +2019,7 @@ def internal_send_huddle_message(
     emails: Optional[List[str]] = None,
     recipient_users: Optional[List[UserProfile]] = None,
 ) -> Optional[int]:
-    message = internal_prep_huddle_message(
+    message = internal_prep_group_direct_message(
         realm, sender, content, emails=emails, recipient_users=recipient_users
     )
 
diff --git a/zerver/actions/typing.py b/zerver/actions/typing.py
index c6a3a96f40..cbf198a3bc 100644
--- a/zerver/actions/typing.py
+++ b/zerver/actions/typing.py
@@ -47,15 +47,15 @@ def check_send_typing_notification(sender: UserProfile, user_ids: List[int], ope
 
     # If any of the user_ids being sent in are invalid, we will
     # just reject the whole request, since a partial list of user_ids
-    # can create confusion related to huddles.  Plus it's a good
-    # sign that a client is confused (or possibly even malicious) if
-    # we get bad user_ids.
+    # can create confusion related to direct message groups. Plus it's
+    # a good sign that a client is confused (or possibly even malicious)
+    # if we get bad user_ids.
     user_profiles = []
     for user_id in user_ids:
         try:
             # We include cross-bot realms as possible recipients,
-            # so that clients can know which huddle conversation
-            # is relevant here.
+            # so that clients can know which direct message group
+            # conversation is relevant here.
             user_profile = get_user_by_id_in_realm_including_cross_realm(user_id, sender.realm)
         except UserProfile.DoesNotExist:
             raise JsonableError(_("Invalid user ID {user_id}").format(user_id=user_id))
diff --git a/zerver/data_import/import_util.py b/zerver/data_import/import_util.py
index 7c18fafdbb..7fde75a8ec 100644
--- a/zerver/data_import/import_util.py
+++ b/zerver/data_import/import_util.py
@@ -50,30 +50,30 @@ ZerverFieldsT: TypeAlias = Dict[str, Any]
 class SubscriberHandler:
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.stream_info: Dict[int, Set[int]] = {}
-        self.huddle_info: Dict[int, Set[int]] = {}
+        self.direct_message_group_info: Dict[int, Set[int]] = {}
 
     def set_info(
         self,
         users: Set[int],
         stream_id: Optional[int] = None,
-        huddle_id: Optional[int] = None,
+        direct_message_group_id: Optional[int] = None,
     ) -> None:
         if stream_id is not None:
             self.stream_info[stream_id] = users
-        elif huddle_id is not None:
-            self.huddle_info[huddle_id] = users
+        elif direct_message_group_id is not None:
+            self.direct_message_group_info[direct_message_group_id] = users
         else:
-            raise AssertionError("stream_id or huddle_id is required")
+            raise AssertionError("stream_id or direct_message_group_id is required")
 
     def get_users(
-        self, stream_id: Optional[int] = None, huddle_id: Optional[int] = None
+        self, stream_id: Optional[int] = None, direct_message_group_id: Optional[int] = None
     ) -> Set[int]:
         if stream_id is not None:
             return self.stream_info[stream_id]
-        elif huddle_id is not None:
-            return self.huddle_info[huddle_id]
+        elif direct_message_group_id is not None:
+            return self.direct_message_group_info[direct_message_group_id]
         else:
-            raise AssertionError("stream_id or huddle_id is required")
+            raise AssertionError("stream_id or direct_message_group_id is required")
 
 
 def build_zerver_realm(
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ def build_subscription(recipient_id: int, user_id: int, subscription_id: int) ->
 
 
 class GetUsers(Protocol):
-    def __call__(self, stream_id: int = ..., huddle_id: int = ...) -> Set[int]: ...
+    def __call__(self, stream_id: int = ..., direct_message_group_id: int = ...) -> Set[int]: ...
 
 
 def build_stream_subscriptions(
@@ -245,24 +245,26 @@ def build_stream_subscriptions(
     return subscriptions
 
 
-def build_huddle_subscriptions(
+def build_direct_message_group_subscriptions(
     get_users: GetUsers,
     zerver_recipient: List[ZerverFieldsT],
-    zerver_huddle: List[ZerverFieldsT],
+    zerver_direct_message_group: List[ZerverFieldsT],
 ) -> List[ZerverFieldsT]:
     subscriptions: List[ZerverFieldsT] = []
 
-    huddle_ids = {huddle["id"] for huddle in zerver_huddle}
+    direct_message_group_ids = {
+        direct_message_group["id"] for direct_message_group in zerver_direct_message_group
+    }
 
     recipient_map = {
         recipient["id"]: recipient["type_id"]  # recipient_id -> stream_id
         for recipient in zerver_recipient
         if recipient["type"] == Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP
-        and recipient["type_id"] in huddle_ids
+        and recipient["type_id"] in direct_message_group_ids
     }
 
-    for recipient_id, huddle_id in recipient_map.items():
-        user_ids = get_users(huddle_id=huddle_id)
+    for recipient_id, direct_message_group_id in recipient_map.items():
+        user_ids = get_users(direct_message_group_id=direct_message_group_id)
         for user_id in user_ids:
             subscription = build_subscription(
                 recipient_id=recipient_id,
@@ -307,7 +309,7 @@ def build_recipient(type_id: int, recipient_id: int, type: int) -> ZerverFieldsT
 def build_recipients(
     zerver_userprofile: Iterable[ZerverFieldsT],
     zerver_stream: Iterable[ZerverFieldsT],
-    zerver_huddle: Iterable[ZerverFieldsT] = [],
+    zerver_direct_message_group: Iterable[ZerverFieldsT] = [],
 ) -> List[ZerverFieldsT]:
     """
     This function was only used HipChat import, this function may be
@@ -339,8 +341,8 @@ def build_recipients(
         recipient_dict = model_to_dict(recipient)
         recipients.append(recipient_dict)
 
-    for huddle in zerver_huddle:
-        type_id = huddle["id"]
+    for direct_message_group in zerver_direct_message_group:
+        type_id = direct_message_group["id"]
         type = Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP
         recipient = Recipient(
             type_id=type_id,
@@ -482,11 +484,11 @@ def build_stream(
     return stream_dict
 
 
-def build_huddle(huddle_id: int) -> ZerverFieldsT:
-    huddle = Huddle(
-        id=huddle_id,
+def build_direct_message_group(direct_message_group_id: int) -> ZerverFieldsT:
+    direct_message_group = Huddle(
+        id=direct_message_group_id,
     )
-    return model_to_dict(huddle)
+    return model_to_dict(direct_message_group)
 
 
 def build_message(
diff --git a/zerver/data_import/mattermost.py b/zerver/data_import/mattermost.py
index f326dada06..a7724e4477 100644
--- a/zerver/data_import/mattermost.py
+++ b/zerver/data_import/mattermost.py
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ from zerver.data_import.import_util import (
     SubscriberHandler,
     ZerverFieldsT,
     build_attachment,
-    build_huddle,
-    build_huddle_subscriptions,
+    build_direct_message_group,
+    build_direct_message_group_subscriptions,
     build_message,
     build_personal_subscriptions,
     build_realm,
@@ -232,17 +232,18 @@ def convert_channel_data(
     return streams
 
 
-def generate_huddle_name(huddle_members: List[str]) -> str:
+def generate_direct_message_group_name(direct_message_group_members: List[str]) -> str:
     # Simple hash function to generate a unique hash key for the
-    # members of a huddle.  Needs to be consistent only within the
-    # lifetime of export tool run, as it doesn't appear in the output.
+    # members of a direct_message_group.  Needs to be consistent
+    # only within the lifetime of export tool run, as it doesn't
+    # appear in the output.
     import hashlib
 
-    return hashlib.md5("".join(sorted(huddle_members)).encode()).hexdigest()
+    return hashlib.md5("".join(sorted(direct_message_group_members)).encode()).hexdigest()
 
 
-def convert_huddle_data(
-    huddle_data: List[ZerverFieldsT],
+def convert_direct_message_group_data(
+    direct_message_group_data: List[ZerverFieldsT],
     user_data_map: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]],
     subscriber_handler: SubscriberHandler,
     huddle_id_mapper: IdMapper,
@@ -250,21 +251,23 @@ def convert_huddle_data(
     realm_id: int,
     team_name: str,
 ) -> List[ZerverFieldsT]:
-    zerver_huddle = []
-    for huddle in huddle_data:
-        if len(huddle["members"]) > 2:
-            huddle_name = generate_huddle_name(huddle["members"])
-            huddle_id = huddle_id_mapper.get(huddle_name)
-            huddle_dict = build_huddle(huddle_id)
-            huddle_user_ids = set()
-            for username in huddle["members"]:
-                huddle_user_ids.add(user_id_mapper.get(username))
-            subscriber_handler.set_info(
-                users=huddle_user_ids,
-                huddle_id=huddle_id,
+    zerver_direct_message_group = []
+    for direct_message_group in direct_message_group_data:
+        if len(direct_message_group["members"]) > 2:
+            direct_message_group_name = generate_direct_message_group_name(
+                direct_message_group["members"]
             )
-            zerver_huddle.append(huddle_dict)
-    return zerver_huddle
+            direct_message_group_id = huddle_id_mapper.get(direct_message_group_name)
+            direct_message_group_dict = build_direct_message_group(direct_message_group_id)
+            direct_message_group_user_ids = set()
+            for username in direct_message_group["members"]:
+                direct_message_group_user_ids.add(user_id_mapper.get(username))
+            subscriber_handler.set_info(
+                users=direct_message_group_user_ids,
+                direct_message_group_id=direct_message_group_id,
+            )
+            zerver_direct_message_group.append(direct_message_group_dict)
+    return zerver_direct_message_group
 
 
 def build_reactions(
@@ -591,12 +594,12 @@ def process_posts(
         if "channel" in post_dict:
             message_dict["channel_name"] = post_dict["channel"]
         elif "channel_members" in post_dict:
-            # This case is for handling posts from direct messages and huddles,
-            # not channels. Direct messages and huddles are known as direct_channels
-            # in Slack and hence the name channel_members.
+            # This case is for handling posts from direct messages and direct message,
+            # groups not channels. Direct messages and direct message groups are known
+            # as direct_channels in Slack and hence the name channel_members.
             channel_members = post_dict["channel_members"]
             if len(channel_members) > 2:
-                message_dict["huddle_name"] = generate_huddle_name(channel_members)
+                message_dict["huddle_name"] = generate_direct_message_group_name(channel_members)
             elif len(channel_members) == 2:
                 message_dict["pm_members"] = channel_members
         else:
@@ -697,7 +700,7 @@ def write_message_data(
     else:
         post_types = ["channel_post"]
         logging.warning(
-            "Skipping importing huddles and DMs since there are multiple teams in the export"
+            "Skipping importing direct message groups and DMs since there are multiple teams in the export"
         )
 
     for post_type in post_types:
@@ -924,10 +927,10 @@ def do_convert_data(mattermost_data_dir: str, output_dir: str, masking_content:
         )
         realm["zerver_stream"] = zerver_stream
 
-        zerver_huddle: List[ZerverFieldsT] = []
+        zerver_direct_message_group: List[ZerverFieldsT] = []
         if len(mattermost_data["team"]) == 1:
-            zerver_huddle = convert_huddle_data(
-                huddle_data=mattermost_data["direct_channel"],
+            zerver_direct_message_group = convert_direct_message_group_data(
+                direct_message_group_data=mattermost_data["direct_channel"],
                 user_data_map=username_to_user,
                 subscriber_handler=subscriber_handler,
                 huddle_id_mapper=huddle_id_mapper,
@@ -935,14 +938,14 @@ def do_convert_data(mattermost_data_dir: str, output_dir: str, masking_content:
                 realm_id=realm_id,
                 team_name=team_name,
             )
-            realm["zerver_huddle"] = zerver_huddle
+            realm["zerver_huddle"] = zerver_direct_message_group
 
         all_users = user_handler.get_all_users()
 
         zerver_recipient = build_recipients(
             zerver_userprofile=all_users,
             zerver_stream=zerver_stream,
-            zerver_huddle=zerver_huddle,
+            zerver_direct_message_group=zerver_direct_message_group,
         )
         realm["zerver_recipient"] = zerver_recipient
 
@@ -952,10 +955,10 @@ def do_convert_data(mattermost_data_dir: str, output_dir: str, masking_content:
             zerver_stream=zerver_stream,
         )
 
-        huddle_subscriptions = build_huddle_subscriptions(
+        direct_message_group_subscriptions = build_direct_message_group_subscriptions(
             get_users=subscriber_handler.get_users,
             zerver_recipient=zerver_recipient,
-            zerver_huddle=zerver_huddle,
+            zerver_direct_message_group=zerver_direct_message_group,
         )
 
         personal_subscriptions = build_personal_subscriptions(
@@ -963,8 +966,10 @@ def do_convert_data(mattermost_data_dir: str, output_dir: str, masking_content:
         )
 
         # Mattermost currently supports only exporting messages from channels.
-        # Personal messages and huddles are not exported.
-        zerver_subscription = personal_subscriptions + stream_subscriptions + huddle_subscriptions
+        # Personal and Group Direct messages are not exported.
+        zerver_subscription = (
+            personal_subscriptions + stream_subscriptions + direct_message_group_subscriptions
+        )
         realm["zerver_subscription"] = zerver_subscription
 
         zerver_realmemoji = write_emoticon_data(
diff --git a/zerver/data_import/rocketchat.py b/zerver/data_import/rocketchat.py
index c6b1f45cee..9ad1aba9ce 100644
--- a/zerver/data_import/rocketchat.py
+++ b/zerver/data_import/rocketchat.py
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ from zerver.data_import.import_util import (
     SubscriberHandler,
     ZerverFieldsT,
     build_attachment,
-    build_huddle,
-    build_huddle_subscriptions,
+    build_direct_message_group,
+    build_direct_message_group_subscriptions,
     build_message,
     build_personal_subscriptions,
     build_realm,
@@ -238,29 +238,29 @@ def convert_stream_subscription_data(
         subscriber_handler.set_info(users=users, stream_id=stream["id"])
 
 
-def convert_huddle_data(
+def convert_direct_message_group_data(
     huddle_id_to_huddle_map: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]],
     huddle_id_mapper: IdMapper,
     user_id_mapper: IdMapper,
     subscriber_handler: SubscriberHandler,
 ) -> List[ZerverFieldsT]:
-    zerver_huddle: List[ZerverFieldsT] = []
+    zerver_direct_message_group: List[ZerverFieldsT] = []
 
     for rc_huddle_id in huddle_id_to_huddle_map:
-        huddle_id = huddle_id_mapper.get(rc_huddle_id)
-        huddle = build_huddle(huddle_id)
-        zerver_huddle.append(huddle)
+        direct_message_group_id = huddle_id_mapper.get(rc_huddle_id)
+        direct_message_group = build_direct_message_group(direct_message_group_id)
+        zerver_direct_message_group.append(direct_message_group)
 
-        huddle_dict = huddle_id_to_huddle_map[rc_huddle_id]
-        huddle_user_ids = set()
-        for rc_user_id in huddle_dict["uids"]:
-            huddle_user_ids.add(user_id_mapper.get(rc_user_id))
+        direct_message_group_dict = huddle_id_to_huddle_map[rc_huddle_id]
+        direct_message_group_user_ids = set()
+        for rc_user_id in direct_message_group_dict["uids"]:
+            direct_message_group_user_ids.add(user_id_mapper.get(rc_user_id))
         subscriber_handler.set_info(
-            users=huddle_user_ids,
-            huddle_id=huddle_id,
+            users=direct_message_group_user_ids,
+            direct_message_group_id=direct_message_group_id,
         )
 
-    return zerver_huddle
+    return zerver_direct_message_group
 
 
 def build_custom_emoji(
@@ -679,8 +679,8 @@ def process_messages(
             # Message is in a 1:1 or group direct message.
             rc_channel_id = message["rid"]
             if rc_channel_id in huddle_id_to_huddle_map:
-                huddle_id = huddle_id_mapper.get(rc_channel_id)
-                message_dict["recipient_id"] = huddle_id_to_recipient_id[huddle_id]
+                direct_message_group_id = huddle_id_mapper.get(rc_channel_id)
+                message_dict["recipient_id"] = huddle_id_to_recipient_id[direct_message_group_id]
             else:
                 rc_member_ids = direct_id_to_direct_map[rc_channel_id]["uids"]
 
@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ def map_receiver_id_to_recipient_id(
     huddle_id_to_recipient_id: Dict[int, int],
     user_id_to_recipient_id: Dict[int, int],
 ) -> None:
-    # receiver_id represents stream_id/huddle_id/user_id
+    # receiver_id represents stream_id/direct_message_group_id/user_id
     for recipient in zerver_recipient:
         if recipient["type"] == Recipient.STREAM:
             stream_id_to_recipient_id[recipient["type_id"]] = recipient["id"]
@@ -886,16 +886,18 @@ def map_receiver_id_to_recipient_id(
             user_id_to_recipient_id[recipient["type_id"]] = recipient["id"]
 
 
-# This is inspired by get_huddle_hash from zerver/models/recipients.py. It
-# expects strings identifying Rocket.Chat users, like
-# `LdBZ7kPxtKESyHPEe`, not integer IDs.
+# This is inspired by get_direct_message_group_hash
+# from zerver/models/recipients.py. It expects strings
+# identifying Rocket.Chat users, like `LdBZ7kPxtKESyHPEe`,
+# not integer IDs.
 #
 # Its purpose is to be a stable map usable for deduplication/merging
 # of Rocket.Chat threads involving the same set of people. Thus, its
 # only important property is that if two sets of users S and T are
-# equal and thus will have the same actual huddle hash once imported,
-# that get_string_huddle_hash(S) = get_string_huddle_hash(T).
-def get_string_huddle_hash(id_list: List[str]) -> str:
+# equal and thus will have the same actual direct message group hash
+# once imported, that get_string_direct_message_group_hash(S) =
+# get_string_direct_message_group_hash(T).
+def get_string_direct_message_group_hash(id_list: List[str]) -> str:
     id_list = sorted(set(id_list))
     hash_key = ",".join(str(x) for x in id_list)
     return hashlib.sha1(hash_key.encode()).hexdigest()
@@ -910,15 +912,17 @@ def categorize_channels_and_map_with_id(
     huddle_id_to_huddle_map: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]],
     livechat_id_to_livechat_map: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]],
 ) -> None:
-    huddle_hashed_channels: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    direct_message_group_hashed_channels: Dict[str, Any] = {}
     for channel in channel_data:
         if channel.get("prid"):
             dsc_id_to_dsc_map[channel["_id"]] = channel
         elif channel["t"] == "d":
             if len(channel["uids"]) > 2:
-                huddle_hash = get_string_huddle_hash(channel["uids"])
+                direct_message_group_hash = get_string_direct_message_group_hash(channel["uids"])
                 logging.info(
-                    "Huddle channel found. UIDs: %s -> hash %s", channel["uids"], huddle_hash
+                    "Huddle channel found. UIDs: %s -> hash %s",
+                    channel["uids"],
+                    direct_message_group_hash,
                 )
 
                 if channel["msgs"] == 0:  # nocoverage
@@ -926,25 +930,29 @@ def categorize_channels_and_map_with_id(
                     # contain duplicates of real huddles, with no
                     # messages in the duplicate.  We ignore these
                     # minor database corruptions in the Rocket.Chat
-                    # export. Doing so is safe, because a huddle with no
-                    # message history has no value in Zulip's data
-                    # model.
-                    logging.debug("Skipping huddle with 0 messages: %s", channel)
-                elif huddle_hash in huddle_hashed_channels:  # nocoverage
+                    # export. Doing so is safe, because a direct
+                    # message group with no message history has no
+                    # value in Zulip's data model.
+                    logging.debug("Skipping direct message group with 0 messages: %s", channel)
+                elif (
+                    direct_message_group_hash in direct_message_group_hashed_channels
+                ):  # nocoverage
                     logging.info(
-                        "Mapping huddle hash %s to existing channel: %s",
-                        huddle_hash,
-                        huddle_hashed_channels[huddle_hash],
+                        "Mapping direct message group hash %s to existing channel: %s",
+                        direct_message_group_hash,
+                        direct_message_group_hashed_channels[direct_message_group_hash],
                     )
-                    huddle_id_to_huddle_map[channel["_id"]] = huddle_hashed_channels[huddle_hash]
+                    huddle_id_to_huddle_map[channel["_id"]] = direct_message_group_hashed_channels[
+                        direct_message_group_hash
+                    ]
 
-                    # Ideally, we'd merge the duplicate huddles. Doing
-                    # so correctly requires special handling in
-                    # convert_huddle_data() and on the message import
-                    # side as well, since those appear to be mapped
-                    # via rocketchat channel IDs and not all of that
-                    # information is resolved via the
-                    # huddle_id_to_huddle_map.
+                    # Ideally, we'd merge the duplicate direct message
+                    # groups. Doing so correctly requires special
+                    # handling in convert_direct_message_group_data()
+                    # and on the message import side as well, since
+                    # those appear to be mapped via rocketchat channel
+                    # IDs and not all of that information is resolved
+                    # via the huddle_id_to_huddle_map.
                     #
                     # For now, just throw an exception here rather
                     # than during the import process.
@@ -953,7 +961,7 @@ def categorize_channels_and_map_with_id(
                     )
                 else:
                     huddle_id_to_huddle_map[channel["_id"]] = channel
-                    huddle_hashed_channels[huddle_hash] = channel
+                    direct_message_group_hashed_channels[direct_message_group_hash] = channel
             else:
                 direct_id_to_direct_map[channel["_id"]] = channel
         elif channel["t"] == "l":
@@ -1114,20 +1122,20 @@ def do_convert_data(rocketchat_data_dir: str, output_dir: str) -> None:
         subscriber_handler=subscriber_handler,
     )
 
-    zerver_huddle = convert_huddle_data(
+    zerver_direct_message_group = convert_direct_message_group_data(
         huddle_id_to_huddle_map=huddle_id_to_huddle_map,
         huddle_id_mapper=huddle_id_mapper,
         user_id_mapper=user_id_mapper,
         subscriber_handler=subscriber_handler,
     )
-    realm["zerver_huddle"] = zerver_huddle
+    realm["zerver_huddle"] = zerver_direct_message_group
 
     all_users = user_handler.get_all_users()
 
     zerver_recipient = build_recipients(
         zerver_userprofile=all_users,
         zerver_stream=zerver_stream,
-        zerver_huddle=zerver_huddle,
+        zerver_direct_message_group=zerver_direct_message_group,
     )
     realm["zerver_recipient"] = zerver_recipient
 
@@ -1137,17 +1145,19 @@ def do_convert_data(rocketchat_data_dir: str, output_dir: str) -> None:
         zerver_stream=zerver_stream,
     )
 
-    huddle_subscriptions = build_huddle_subscriptions(
+    direct_message_group_subscriptions = build_direct_message_group_subscriptions(
         get_users=subscriber_handler.get_users,
         zerver_recipient=zerver_recipient,
-        zerver_huddle=zerver_huddle,
+        zerver_direct_message_group=zerver_direct_message_group,
     )
 
     personal_subscriptions = build_personal_subscriptions(
         zerver_recipient=zerver_recipient,
     )
 
-    zerver_subscription = personal_subscriptions + stream_subscriptions + huddle_subscriptions
+    zerver_subscription = (
+        personal_subscriptions + stream_subscriptions + direct_message_group_subscriptions
+    )
     realm["zerver_subscription"] = zerver_subscription
 
     zerver_realmemoji = build_custom_emoji(
diff --git a/zerver/data_import/slack.py b/zerver/data_import/slack.py
index d7d32c30df..5d5d95fb2c 100644
--- a/zerver/data_import/slack.py
+++ b/zerver/data_import/slack.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from zerver.data_import.import_util import (
     build_attachment,
     build_avatar,
     build_defaultstream,
-    build_huddle,
+    build_direct_message_group,
     build_message,
     build_realm,
     build_recipient,
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ def slack_workspace_to_realm(
     3. slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id, which is a dictionary to map from Slack recipient
        name(channel names, mpim names, usernames, etc) to Zulip recipient id
     4. added_channels, which is a dictionary to map from channel name to channel id, Zulip stream_id
-    5. added_mpims, which is a dictionary to map from MPIM name to MPIM id, Zulip huddle_id
+    5. added_mpims, which is a dictionary to map from MPIM name to MPIM id, Zulip direct_message_group_id
     6. dm_members, which is a dictionary to map from DM id to tuple of DM participants.
     7. avatars, which is list to map avatars to Zulip avatar records.json
     8. emoji_url_map, which is maps emoji name to its Slack URL
@@ -507,7 +507,8 @@ def channels_to_zerver_stream(
     Returns:
     1. realm, converted realm data
     2. added_channels, which is a dictionary to map from channel name to channel id, Zulip stream_id
-    3. added_mpims, which is a dictionary to map from MPIM(multiparty IM) name to MPIM id, Zulip huddle_id
+    3. added_mpims, which is a dictionary to map from MPIM(multiparty IM) name to MPIM id, Zulip
+       direct_message_group_id
     4. dm_members, which is a dictionary to map from DM id to tuple of DM participants.
     5. slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id, which is a dictionary to map from Slack recipient
        name(channel names, mpim names, usernames etc) to Zulip recipient_id
@@ -527,7 +528,7 @@ def channels_to_zerver_stream(
 
     subscription_id_count = recipient_id_count = 0
     stream_id_count = defaultstream_id = 0
-    huddle_id_count = 0
+    direct_message_group_id_count = 0
 
     def process_channels(channels: List[Dict[str, Any]], invite_only: bool = False) -> None:
         nonlocal stream_id_count
@@ -600,20 +601,20 @@ def channels_to_zerver_stream(
         private_channels = []
     process_channels(private_channels, True)
 
-    # mpim is the Slack equivalent of huddle.
+    # mpim is the Slack equivalent of direct message group.
     def process_mpims(mpims: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> None:
-        nonlocal huddle_id_count
+        nonlocal direct_message_group_id_count
         nonlocal recipient_id_count
         nonlocal subscription_id_count
 
         for mpim in mpims:
-            huddle = build_huddle(huddle_id_count)
-            realm["zerver_huddle"].append(huddle)
+            direct_message_group = build_direct_message_group(direct_message_group_id_count)
+            realm["zerver_huddle"].append(direct_message_group)
 
-            added_mpims[mpim["name"]] = (mpim["id"], huddle_id_count)
+            added_mpims[mpim["name"]] = (mpim["id"], direct_message_group_id_count)
 
             recipient = build_recipient(
-                huddle_id_count, recipient_id_count, Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP
+                direct_message_group_id_count, recipient_id_count, Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP
             )
             realm["zerver_recipient"].append(recipient)
             slack_recipient_name_to_zulip_recipient_id[mpim["name"]] = recipient_id_count
@@ -626,7 +627,7 @@ def channels_to_zerver_stream(
                 subscription_id_count,
             )
 
-            huddle_id_count += 1
+            direct_message_group_id_count += 1
             recipient_id_count += 1
             logging.info("%s -> created", mpim["name"])
 
@@ -1267,10 +1268,10 @@ def fetch_shared_channel_users(
     except FileNotFoundError:
         private_channels = []
     try:
-        huddles = get_data_file(slack_data_dir + "/mpims.json")
+        direct_message_groups = get_data_file(slack_data_dir + "/mpims.json")
     except FileNotFoundError:
-        huddles = []
-    for channel in public_channels + private_channels + huddles:
+        direct_message_groups = []
+    for channel in public_channels + private_channels + direct_message_groups:
         added_channels[channel["name"]] = True
         for user_id in channel["members"]:
             if user_id not in normal_user_ids:
diff --git a/zerver/lib/bot_lib.py b/zerver/lib/bot_lib.py
index cc0736a8ab..9b335f9108 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/bot_lib.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/bot_lib.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
 from zulip_bots.lib import BotIdentity, RateLimit
 
 from zerver.actions.message_send import (
-    internal_send_huddle_message,
+    internal_send_group_direct_message,
     internal_send_private_message,
     internal_send_stream_message_by_name,
 )
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class EmbeddedBotHandler:
                 self.user_profile, recipient_user, message["content"]
             )
         else:
-            message_id = internal_send_huddle_message(
+            message_id = internal_send_group_direct_message(
                 self.user_profile.realm, self.user_profile, message["content"], emails=recipients
             )
         return {"id": message_id}
diff --git a/zerver/lib/display_recipient.py b/zerver/lib/display_recipient.py
index f7086cadb8..8ec4a89090 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/display_recipient.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/display_recipient.py
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ def bulk_fetch_user_display_recipients(
     """
 
     from zerver.models import Recipient
-    from zerver.models.recipients import bulk_get_huddle_user_ids
+    from zerver.models.recipients import bulk_get_direct_message_group_user_ids
 
     if len(recipient_tuples) == 0:
         return {}
@@ -144,12 +144,16 @@ def bulk_fetch_user_display_recipients(
     get_type = lambda tup: tup[1]
 
     personal_tuples = [tup for tup in recipient_tuples if get_type(tup) == Recipient.PERSONAL]
-    huddle_tuples = [
+    direct_message_group_tuples = [
         tup for tup in recipient_tuples if get_type(tup) == Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP
     ]
 
-    huddle_recipient_ids = [get_recipient_id(tup) for tup in huddle_tuples]
-    huddle_recipient_id_to_user_ids = bulk_get_huddle_user_ids(huddle_recipient_ids)
+    direct_message_group_recipient_ids = [
+        get_recipient_id(tup) for tup in direct_message_group_tuples
+    ]
+    huddle_recipient_id_to_user_ids = bulk_get_direct_message_group_user_ids(
+        direct_message_group_recipient_ids
+    )
 
     # Find all user ids whose UserProfiles we will need to fetch:
     user_ids_to_fetch: Set[int] = set()
@@ -157,9 +161,9 @@ def bulk_fetch_user_display_recipients(
     for ignore_recipient_id, ignore_recipient_type, user_id in personal_tuples:
         user_ids_to_fetch.add(user_id)
 
-    for recipient_id in huddle_recipient_ids:
-        huddle_user_ids = huddle_recipient_id_to_user_ids[recipient_id]
-        user_ids_to_fetch |= huddle_user_ids
+    for recipient_id in direct_message_group_recipient_ids:
+        direct_message_group_user_ids = huddle_recipient_id_to_user_ids[recipient_id]
+        user_ids_to_fetch |= direct_message_group_user_ids
 
     # Fetch the needed user dictionaries.
     user_display_recipients = bulk_fetch_single_user_display_recipients(list(user_ids_to_fetch))
@@ -170,7 +174,7 @@ def bulk_fetch_user_display_recipients(
         display_recipients = [user_display_recipients[user_id]]
         result[recipient_id] = display_recipients
 
-    for recipient_id in huddle_recipient_ids:
+    for recipient_id in direct_message_group_recipient_ids:
         user_ids = sorted(huddle_recipient_id_to_user_ids[recipient_id])
         display_recipients = [user_display_recipients[user_id] for user_id in user_ids]
         result[recipient_id] = display_recipients
@@ -191,15 +195,15 @@ def bulk_fetch_display_recipients(
     stream_recipients = {
         recipient for recipient in recipient_tuples if recipient[1] == Recipient.STREAM
     }
-    personal_and_huddle_recipients = recipient_tuples - stream_recipients
+    direct_message_recipients = recipient_tuples - stream_recipients
 
     stream_display_recipients = bulk_fetch_stream_names(stream_recipients)
-    personal_and_huddle_display_recipients = bulk_fetch_user_display_recipients(
-        personal_and_huddle_recipients
+    direct_message_display_recipients = bulk_fetch_user_display_recipients(
+        direct_message_recipients
     )
 
     # Glue the dicts together and return:
-    return {**stream_display_recipients, **personal_and_huddle_display_recipients}
+    return {**stream_display_recipients, **direct_message_display_recipients}
 
 
 @return_same_value_during_entire_request
diff --git a/zerver/lib/email_mirror.py b/zerver/lib/email_mirror.py
index 0e75259ce6..8eb02518d8 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/email_mirror.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/email_mirror.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from typing_extensions import override
 
 from zerver.actions.message_send import (
     check_send_message,
-    internal_send_huddle_message,
+    internal_send_group_direct_message,
     internal_send_private_message,
     internal_send_stream_message,
 )
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ def process_missed_message(to: str, message: EmailMessage) -> None:
         display_recipient = get_display_recipient(recipient)
         emails = [user_dict["email"] for user_dict in display_recipient]
         recipient_str = ", ".join(emails)
-        internal_send_huddle_message(user_profile.realm, user_profile, body, emails=emails)
+        internal_send_group_direct_message(user_profile.realm, user_profile, body, emails=emails)
     else:
         raise AssertionError("Invalid recipient type!")
 
diff --git a/zerver/lib/email_notifications.py b/zerver/lib/email_notifications.py
index 8142c52993..27c51c992b 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/email_notifications.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/email_notifications.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ from zerver.lib.tex import change_katex_to_raw_latex
 from zerver.lib.timezone import canonicalize_timezone
 from zerver.lib.topic import get_topic_resolution_and_bare_name
 from zerver.lib.url_encoding import (
-    huddle_narrow_url,
+    direct_message_group_narrow_url,
     personal_narrow_url,
     stream_narrow_url,
     topic_narrow_url,
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ def build_message_list(
         elif message.recipient.type == Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP:
             grouping = {"huddle": message.recipient_id}
             display_recipient = get_display_recipient(message.recipient)
-            narrow_link = huddle_narrow_url(
+            narrow_link = direct_message_group_narrow_url(
                 user=user,
                 display_recipient=display_recipient,
             )
@@ -385,8 +385,8 @@ def do_send_missedmessage_events_reply_in_zulip(
 
     The email will have its reply to address set to a limited used email
     address that will send a Zulip message to the correct recipient. This
-    allows the user to respond to missed direct messages, huddles, and
-    @-mentions directly from the email.
+    allows the user to respond to missed direct messages, direct message
+    groups, and @-mentions directly from the email.
 
     `user_profile` is the user to send the reminder to
     `missed_messages` is a list of dictionaries to Message objects and other data
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ def do_send_missedmessage_events_reply_in_zulip(
     senders = list({m["message"].sender for m in missed_messages})
     if missed_messages[0]["message"].recipient.type == Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP:
         display_recipient = get_display_recipient(missed_messages[0]["message"].recipient)
-        narrow_url = huddle_narrow_url(
+        narrow_url = direct_message_group_narrow_url(
             user=user_profile,
             display_recipient=display_recipient,
         )
@@ -482,18 +482,18 @@ def do_send_missedmessage_events_reply_in_zulip(
         other_recipients = [r["full_name"] for r in display_recipient if r["id"] != user_profile.id]
         context.update(group_pm=True)
         if len(other_recipients) == 2:
-            huddle_display_name = " and ".join(other_recipients)
-            context.update(huddle_display_name=huddle_display_name)
+            direct_message_group_display_name = " and ".join(other_recipients)
+            context.update(huddle_display_name=direct_message_group_display_name)
         elif len(other_recipients) == 3:
-            huddle_display_name = (
+            direct_message_group_display_name = (
                 f"{other_recipients[0]}, {other_recipients[1]}, and {other_recipients[2]}"
             )
-            context.update(huddle_display_name=huddle_display_name)
+            context.update(huddle_display_name=direct_message_group_display_name)
         else:
-            huddle_display_name = "{}, and {} others".format(
+            direct_message_group_display_name = "{}, and {} others".format(
                 ", ".join(other_recipients[:2]), len(other_recipients) - 2
             )
-            context.update(huddle_display_name=huddle_display_name)
+            context.update(huddle_display_name=direct_message_group_display_name)
     elif missed_messages[0]["message"].recipient.type == Recipient.PERSONAL:
         narrow_url = personal_narrow_url(
             realm=user_profile.realm,
diff --git a/zerver/lib/export.py b/zerver/lib/export.py
index 17d88f9242..44127a15db 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/export.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/export.py
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ def get_realm_config() -> Config:
             "zerver_huddle",
         ],
         virtual_parent=user_profile_config,
-        custom_fetch=custom_fetch_huddle_objects,
+        custom_fetch=custom_fetch_direct_message_groups,
     )
 
     # Now build permanent tables from our temp tables.
@@ -1118,7 +1118,7 @@ def fetch_reaction_data(response: TableData, message_ids: Set[int]) -> None:
     response["zerver_reaction"] = make_raw(list(query))
 
 
-def custom_fetch_huddle_objects(response: TableData, context: Context) -> None:
+def custom_fetch_direct_message_groups(response: TableData, context: Context) -> None:
     realm = context["realm"]
     user_profile_ids = {
         r["id"] for r in response["zerver_userprofile"] + response["zerver_userprofile_mirrordummy"]
diff --git a/zerver/lib/import_realm.py b/zerver/lib/import_realm.py
index d06078bea1..41822633e9 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/import_realm.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/import_realm.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ from zerver.models import (
 from zerver.models.groups import SystemGroups
 from zerver.models.presence import PresenceSequence
 from zerver.models.realms import get_realm
-from zerver.models.recipients import get_huddle_hash
+from zerver.models.recipients import get_direct_message_group_hash
 from zerver.models.users import get_system_bot, get_user_profile_by_id
 from zproject.backends import AUTH_BACKEND_NAME_MAP
 
@@ -277,19 +277,21 @@ def fix_service_tokens(data: TableData, table: TableName) -> None:
         item["token"] = generate_api_key()
 
 
-def process_huddle_hash(data: TableData, table: TableName) -> None:
+def process_direct_message_group_hash(data: TableData, table: TableName) -> None:
     """
-    Build new huddle hashes with the updated ids of the users
+    Build new direct message group hashes with the updated ids of the users
     """
-    for huddle in data[table]:
-        user_id_list = id_map_to_list["huddle_to_user_list"][huddle["id"]]
-        huddle["huddle_hash"] = get_huddle_hash(user_id_list)
+    for direct_message_group in data[table]:
+        user_id_list = id_map_to_list["huddle_to_user_list"][direct_message_group["id"]]
+        direct_message_group["huddle_hash"] = get_direct_message_group_hash(user_id_list)
 
 
-def get_huddles_from_subscription(data: TableData, table: TableName) -> None:
+def get_direct_message_groups_from_subscription(data: TableData, table: TableName) -> None:
     """
-    Extract the IDs of the user_profiles involved in a huddle from the subscription object
-    This helps to generate a unique huddle hash from the updated user_profile ids
+    Extract the IDs of the user_profiles involved in a direct message group from
+    the subscription object
+    This helps to generate a unique direct message group hash from the updated
+    user_profile ids
     """
     id_map_to_list["huddle_to_user_list"] = {
         value: [] for value in ID_MAP["recipient_to_huddle_map"].values()
@@ -297,8 +299,10 @@ def get_huddles_from_subscription(data: TableData, table: TableName) -> None:
 
     for subscription in data[table]:
         if subscription["recipient"] in ID_MAP["recipient_to_huddle_map"]:
-            huddle_id = ID_MAP["recipient_to_huddle_map"][subscription["recipient"]]
-            id_map_to_list["huddle_to_user_list"][huddle_id].append(subscription["user_profile_id"])
+            direct_message_group_id = ID_MAP["recipient_to_huddle_map"][subscription["recipient"]]
+            id_map_to_list["huddle_to_user_list"][direct_message_group_id].append(
+                subscription["user_profile_id"]
+            )
 
 
 def fix_customprofilefield(data: TableData) -> None:
@@ -550,10 +554,10 @@ def re_map_foreign_keys_internal(
             elif related_table == "user_profile" and item["type"] == 1:
                 pass
             elif related_table == "huddle" and item["type"] == 3:
-                # save the recipient id with the huddle id, so that we can extract
-                # the user_profile ids involved in a huddle with the help of the
-                # subscription object
-                # check function 'get_huddles_from_subscription'
+                # save the recipient id with the direct message group id, so that
+                # we can extract the user_profile ids involved in a direct message
+                # group with the help of the subscription object
+                # check function 'get_direct_message_groups_from_subscription'
                 ID_MAP["recipient_to_huddle_map"][item["id"]] = lookup_table[old_id]
             else:
                 continue
@@ -672,9 +676,9 @@ def remove_denormalized_recipient_column_from_data(data: TableData) -> None:
         if "recipient" in user_profile_dict:
             del user_profile_dict["recipient"]
 
-    for huddle_dict in data["zerver_huddle"]:
-        if "recipient" in huddle_dict:
-            del huddle_dict["recipient"]
+    for direct_message_group_dict in data["zerver_huddle"]:
+        if "recipient" in direct_message_group_dict:
+            del direct_message_group_dict["recipient"]
 
 
 def get_db_table(model_class: Any) -> str:
@@ -1226,10 +1230,11 @@ def do_import_realm(import_dir: Path, subdomain: str, processes: int = 1) -> Rea
     if "zerver_huddle" in data:
         update_model_ids(Huddle, data, "huddle")
         # We don't import Huddle yet, since we don't have the data to
-        # compute huddle hashes until we've imported some of the
-        # tables below.
-        # We can't get huddle hashes without processing subscriptions
-        # first, during which get_huddles_from_subscription is called.
+        # compute direct message group hashes until we've imported some
+        # of the tables below.
+        # We can't get direct message group hashes without processing
+        # subscriptions first, during which
+        # get_direct_message_groups_from_subscription is called.
 
     re_map_foreign_keys(
         data,
@@ -1261,7 +1266,7 @@ def do_import_realm(import_dir: Path, subdomain: str, processes: int = 1) -> Rea
     bulk_set_users_or_streams_recipient_fields(UserProfile, UserProfile.objects.filter(realm=realm))
 
     re_map_foreign_keys(data, "zerver_subscription", "user_profile", related_table="user_profile")
-    get_huddles_from_subscription(data, "zerver_subscription")
+    get_direct_message_groups_from_subscription(data, "zerver_subscription")
     re_map_foreign_keys(data, "zerver_subscription", "recipient", related_table="recipient")
     update_model_ids(Subscription, data, "subscription")
     fix_subscriptions_is_user_active_column(data, user_profiles, crossrealm_user_ids)
@@ -1307,14 +1312,14 @@ def do_import_realm(import_dir: Path, subdomain: str, processes: int = 1) -> Rea
         )
 
     if "zerver_huddle" in data:
-        process_huddle_hash(data, "zerver_huddle")
+        process_direct_message_group_hash(data, "zerver_huddle")
         bulk_import_model(data, Huddle)
-        for huddle in Huddle.objects.filter(recipient=None):
+        for direct_message_group in Huddle.objects.filter(recipient=None):
             recipient = Recipient.objects.get(
-                type=Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP, type_id=huddle.id
+                type=Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP, type_id=direct_message_group.id
             )
-            huddle.recipient = recipient
-            huddle.save(update_fields=["recipient"])
+            direct_message_group.recipient = recipient
+            direct_message_group.save(update_fields=["recipient"])
 
     if "zerver_alertword" in data:
         re_map_foreign_keys(data, "zerver_alertword", "user_profile", related_table="user_profile")
diff --git a/zerver/lib/message.py b/zerver/lib/message.py
index dfbfaf5847..16e580e3f1 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/message.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/message.py
@@ -81,14 +81,14 @@ class RawUnreadDirectMessageDict(TypedDict):
     other_user_id: int
 
 
-class RawUnreadHuddleDict(TypedDict):
+class RawUnreadDirectMessageGroupDict(TypedDict):
     user_ids_string: str
 
 
 class RawUnreadMessagesResult(TypedDict):
     pm_dict: Dict[int, RawUnreadDirectMessageDict]
     stream_dict: Dict[int, RawUnreadStreamDict]
-    huddle_dict: Dict[int, RawUnreadHuddleDict]
+    huddle_dict: Dict[int, RawUnreadDirectMessageGroupDict]
     mentions: Set[int]
     muted_stream_ids: Set[int]
     unmuted_stream_msgs: Set[int]
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class UnreadDirectMessageInfo(TypedDict):
     unread_message_ids: List[int]
 
 
-class UnreadHuddleInfo(TypedDict):
+class UnreadDirectMessageGroupInfo(TypedDict):
     user_ids_string: str
     unread_message_ids: List[int]
 
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class UnreadHuddleInfo(TypedDict):
 class UnreadMessagesResult(TypedDict):
     pms: List[UnreadDirectMessageInfo]
     streams: List[UnreadStreamInfo]
-    huddles: List[UnreadHuddleInfo]
+    huddles: List[UnreadDirectMessageGroupInfo]
     mentions: List[int]
     count: int
     old_unreads_missing: bool
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ def get_messages_with_usermessage_rows_for_user(
     ).values_list("message_id", flat=True)
 
 
-def huddle_users(recipient_id: int) -> str:
+def direct_message_group_users(recipient_id: int) -> str:
     display_recipient: List[UserDisplayRecipient] = get_display_recipient_by_id(
         recipient_id,
         Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP,
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ def extract_unread_data_from_um_rows(
     stream_dict: Dict[int, RawUnreadStreamDict] = {}
     muted_stream_ids: Set[int] = set()
     unmuted_stream_msgs: Set[int] = set()
-    huddle_dict: Dict[int, RawUnreadHuddleDict] = {}
+    direct_message_group_dict: Dict[int, RawUnreadDirectMessageGroupDict] = {}
     mentions: Set[int] = set()
     total_unreads = 0
 
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ def extract_unread_data_from_um_rows(
         stream_dict=stream_dict,
         muted_stream_ids=muted_stream_ids,
         unmuted_stream_msgs=unmuted_stream_msgs,
-        huddle_dict=huddle_dict,
+        huddle_dict=direct_message_group_dict,
         mentions=mentions,
         old_unreads_missing=False,
     )
@@ -668,14 +668,14 @@ def extract_unread_data_from_um_rows(
 
         return False
 
-    huddle_cache: Dict[int, str] = {}
+    direct_message_group_cache: Dict[int, str] = {}
 
-    def get_huddle_users(recipient_id: int) -> str:
-        if recipient_id in huddle_cache:
-            return huddle_cache[recipient_id]
+    def get_direct_message_group_users(recipient_id: int) -> str:
+        if recipient_id in direct_message_group_cache:
+            return direct_message_group_cache[recipient_id]
 
-        user_ids_string = huddle_users(recipient_id)
-        huddle_cache[recipient_id] = user_ids_string
+        user_ids_string = direct_message_group_users(recipient_id)
+        direct_message_group_cache[recipient_id] = user_ids_string
         return user_ids_string
 
     for row in rows:
@@ -706,8 +706,8 @@ def extract_unread_data_from_um_rows(
             )
 
         elif msg_type == Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP:
-            user_ids_string = get_huddle_users(recipient_id)
-            huddle_dict[message_id] = dict(
+            user_ids_string = get_direct_message_group_users(recipient_id)
+            direct_message_group_dict[message_id] = dict(
                 user_ids_string=user_ids_string,
             )
 
@@ -791,12 +791,14 @@ def aggregate_pms(
     return [lookup_dict[k] for k in sorted_keys]
 
 
-def aggregate_huddles(*, input_dict: Dict[int, RawUnreadHuddleDict]) -> List[UnreadHuddleInfo]:
-    lookup_dict: Dict[str, UnreadHuddleInfo] = {}
+def aggregate_direct_message_groups(
+    *, input_dict: Dict[int, RawUnreadDirectMessageGroupDict]
+) -> List[UnreadDirectMessageGroupInfo]:
+    lookup_dict: Dict[str, UnreadDirectMessageGroupInfo] = {}
     for message_id, attribute_dict in input_dict.items():
         user_ids_string = attribute_dict["user_ids_string"]
         if user_ids_string not in lookup_dict:
-            obj = UnreadHuddleInfo(
+            obj = UnreadDirectMessageGroupInfo(
                 user_ids_string=user_ids_string,
                 unread_message_ids=[],
             )
@@ -817,19 +819,19 @@ def aggregate_unread_data(raw_data: RawUnreadMessagesResult) -> UnreadMessagesRe
     pm_dict = raw_data["pm_dict"]
     stream_dict = raw_data["stream_dict"]
     unmuted_stream_msgs = raw_data["unmuted_stream_msgs"]
-    huddle_dict = raw_data["huddle_dict"]
+    direct_message_group_dict = raw_data["huddle_dict"]
     mentions = list(raw_data["mentions"])
 
-    count = len(pm_dict) + len(unmuted_stream_msgs) + len(huddle_dict)
+    count = len(pm_dict) + len(unmuted_stream_msgs) + len(direct_message_group_dict)
 
     pm_objects = aggregate_pms(input_dict=pm_dict)
     stream_objects = aggregate_streams(input_dict=stream_dict)
-    huddle_objects = aggregate_huddles(input_dict=huddle_dict)
+    direct_message_groups = aggregate_direct_message_groups(input_dict=direct_message_group_dict)
 
     result: UnreadMessagesResult = dict(
         pms=pm_objects,
         streams=stream_objects,
-        huddles=huddle_objects,
+        huddles=direct_message_groups,
         mentions=mentions,
         count=count,
         old_unreads_missing=raw_data["old_unreads_missing"],
@@ -892,7 +894,7 @@ def apply_unread_message_event(
         user_ids = sorted(user_ids)
         user_ids_string = ",".join(str(uid) for uid in user_ids)
 
-        state["huddle_dict"][message_id] = RawUnreadHuddleDict(
+        state["huddle_dict"][message_id] = RawUnreadDirectMessageGroupDict(
             user_ids_string=user_ids_string,
         )
 
@@ -993,7 +995,7 @@ def add_message_to_unread_msgs(
         else:
             user_ids.append(my_user_id)
             user_ids_string = ",".join(str(user_id) for user_id in sorted(user_ids))
-            state["huddle_dict"][message_id] = RawUnreadHuddleDict(
+            state["huddle_dict"][message_id] = RawUnreadDirectMessageGroupDict(
                 user_ids_string=user_ids_string,
             )
     elif message_details["type"] == "stream":
diff --git a/zerver/lib/narrow.py b/zerver/lib/narrow.py
index b2aa004feb..c26d96fef5 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/narrow.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/narrow.py
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ class NarrowBuilder:
         )
         return query.where(maybe_negate(cond))
 
-    def _get_huddle_recipients(self, other_user: UserProfile) -> Set[int]:
+    def _get_direct_message_group_recipients(self, other_user: UserProfile) -> Set[int]:
         self_recipient_ids = [
             recipient_tuple["recipient_id"]
             for recipient_tuple in Subscription.objects.filter(
@@ -693,7 +693,9 @@ class NarrowBuilder:
             return query.where(maybe_negate(cond))
 
         # all direct messages including another person (group and 1:1)
-        huddle_recipient_ids = self._get_huddle_recipients(narrow_user_profile)
+        direct_message_group_recipient_ids = self._get_direct_message_group_recipients(
+            narrow_user_profile
+        )
 
         self_recipient_id = self.user_profile.recipient_id
         # See note above in `by_dm` about needing bidirectional messages
@@ -711,7 +713,7 @@ class NarrowBuilder:
                     column("recipient_id", Integer) == narrow_user_profile.recipient_id,
                 ),
                 and_(
-                    column("recipient_id", Integer).in_(huddle_recipient_ids),
+                    column("recipient_id", Integer).in_(direct_message_group_recipient_ids),
                 ),
             ),
         )
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ class NarrowBuilder:
         except UserProfile.DoesNotExist:
             raise BadNarrowOperatorError("unknown user " + str(operand))
 
-        recipient_ids = self._get_huddle_recipients(narrow_profile)
+        recipient_ids = self._get_direct_message_group_recipients(narrow_profile)
         cond = and_(
             column("flags", Integer).op("&")(UserMessage.flags.is_private.mask) != 0,
             column("realm_id", Integer) == self.realm.id,
diff --git a/zerver/lib/push_notifications.py b/zerver/lib/push_notifications.py
index ed8d73dc3a..a70a821f86 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/push_notifications.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/push_notifications.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ from zerver.lib.avatar import absolute_avatar_url, get_avatar_for_inaccessible_u
 from zerver.lib.display_recipient import get_display_recipient
 from zerver.lib.emoji_utils import hex_codepoint_to_emoji
 from zerver.lib.exceptions import ErrorCode, JsonableError
-from zerver.lib.message import access_message_and_usermessage, huddle_users
+from zerver.lib.message import access_message_and_usermessage, direct_message_group_users
 from zerver.lib.notification_data import get_mentioned_user_group
 from zerver.lib.remote_server import (
     record_push_notifications_recently_working,
@@ -1006,7 +1006,7 @@ def get_message_payload(
         data["topic"] = message.topic_name()
     elif message.recipient.type == Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP:
         data["recipient_type"] = "private"
-        data["pm_users"] = huddle_users(message.recipient.id)
+        data["pm_users"] = direct_message_group_users(message.recipient.id)
     else:  # Recipient.PERSONAL
         data["recipient_type"] = "private"
 
diff --git a/zerver/lib/recipient_users.py b/zerver/lib/recipient_users.py
index 0529d95851..0c42e1a0f0 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/recipient_users.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/recipient_users.py
@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@ from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
 from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
 
 from zerver.models import Huddle, Recipient, UserProfile
-from zerver.models.recipients import get_huddle_hash, get_or_create_huddle
+from zerver.models.recipients import (
+    get_direct_message_group_hash,
+    get_or_create_direct_message_group,
+)
 from zerver.models.users import is_cross_realm_bot_email
 
 
@@ -45,21 +48,24 @@ def get_recipient_from_user_profiles(
             type_id=user_profile.id,
         )
 
-    # Otherwise, we need a huddle.  Make sure the sender is included in huddle messages
+    # Otherwise, we need a direct message group. Make sure the sender
+    # is included in the group direct messages
     recipient_profiles_map[sender.id] = sender
 
     user_ids = list(recipient_profiles_map)
     if create:
-        huddle = get_or_create_huddle(user_ids)
+        direct_message_group = get_or_create_direct_message_group(user_ids)
     else:
         # We intentionally let the Huddle.DoesNotExist escape, in the
-        # case that there is no such huddle, and the user passed
-        # create=False
-        huddle = Huddle.objects.get(huddle_hash=get_huddle_hash(user_ids))
+        # case that there is no such direct message group, and the user
+        # passed create=False
+        direct_message_group = Huddle.objects.get(
+            huddle_hash=get_direct_message_group_hash(user_ids)
+        )
     return Recipient(
-        id=huddle.recipient_id,
+        id=direct_message_group.recipient_id,
         type=Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP,
-        type_id=huddle.id,
+        type_id=direct_message_group.id,
     )
 
 
diff --git a/zerver/lib/retention.py b/zerver/lib/retention.py
index a32cd751d6..3813f2cf3b 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/retention.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/retention.py
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ def move_expired_messages_to_archive_by_recipient(
     )
 
 
-def move_expired_personal_and_huddle_messages_to_archive(
+def move_expired_direct_messages_to_archive(
     realm: Realm,
     chunk_size: int = MESSAGE_BATCH_SIZE,
 ) -> int:
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ def move_expired_personal_and_huddle_messages_to_archive(
 
     recipient_types = (Recipient.PERSONAL, Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP)
 
-    # Archive expired personal and huddle Messages in the realm, including cross-realm messages.
+    # Archive expired direct Messages in the realm, including cross-realm messages.
     # Uses index: zerver_message_realm_recipient_date_sent
     query = SQL(
         """
@@ -356,11 +356,9 @@ def archive_messages_by_recipient(
     )
 
 
-def archive_personal_and_huddle_messages(
-    realm: Realm, chunk_size: int = MESSAGE_BATCH_SIZE
-) -> None:
-    logger.info("Archiving personal and huddle messages for realm %s", realm.string_id)
-    message_count = move_expired_personal_and_huddle_messages_to_archive(realm, chunk_size)
+def archive_direct_messages(realm: Realm, chunk_size: int = MESSAGE_BATCH_SIZE) -> None:
+    logger.info("Archiving personal and group direct messages for realm %s", realm.string_id)
+    message_count = move_expired_direct_messages_to_archive(realm, chunk_size)
     logger.info("Done. Archived %s messages", message_count)
 
 
@@ -400,7 +398,7 @@ def archive_messages(chunk_size: int = MESSAGE_BATCH_SIZE) -> None:
     for realm, streams in get_realms_and_streams_for_archiving():
         archive_stream_messages(realm, streams, chunk_size=STREAM_MESSAGE_BATCH_SIZE)
         if realm.message_retention_days != -1:
-            archive_personal_and_huddle_messages(realm, chunk_size)
+            archive_direct_messages(realm, chunk_size)
 
         # Messages have been archived for the realm, now we can clean up attachments:
         delete_expired_attachments(realm)
diff --git a/zerver/lib/test_classes.py b/zerver/lib/test_classes.py
index ae69907df7..31b73d1268 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/test_classes.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/test_classes.py
@@ -1095,7 +1095,7 @@ Output:
         )
         return sent_message_result.message_id
 
-    def send_huddle_message(
+    def send_group_direct_message(
         self,
         from_user: UserProfile,
         to_users: List[UserProfile],
@@ -1980,7 +1980,7 @@ Output:
 
         self.send_personal_message(polonius, prospero)
         self.send_personal_message(shiva, polonius)
-        self.send_huddle_message(aaron, [polonius, zoe])
+        self.send_group_direct_message(aaron, [polonius, zoe])
 
         members_group = NamedUserGroup.objects.get(name="role:members", realm=realm)
         do_change_realm_permission_group_setting(
@@ -2069,7 +2069,7 @@ class ZulipTestCase(ZulipTestCaseMixin, TestCase):
         return message_id
 
     @override
-    def send_huddle_message(
+    def send_group_direct_message(
         self,
         from_user: UserProfile,
         to_users: List[UserProfile],
@@ -2078,7 +2078,7 @@ class ZulipTestCase(ZulipTestCaseMixin, TestCase):
         read_by_sender: bool = True,
         skip_capture_on_commit_callbacks: bool = False,
     ) -> int:
-        """This function is a wrapper on 'send_huddle_message',
+        """This function is a wrapper on 'send_group_direct_message',
         defined in 'ZulipTestCaseMixin' with an extra parameter
         'skip_capture_on_commit_callbacks'.
 
@@ -2087,12 +2087,12 @@ class ZulipTestCase(ZulipTestCaseMixin, TestCase):
         because they already have 'self.captureOnCommitCallbacks'
         (See the comment in 'capture_send_event_calls').
 
-        For all other cases, we should call 'send_huddle_message' with
+        For all other cases, we should call 'send_group_direct_message' with
         'self.captureOnCommitCallbacks' for 'send_event_on_commit' or/and
         'queue_event_on_commit' to work.
         """
         if skip_capture_on_commit_callbacks:
-            message_id = super().send_huddle_message(
+            message_id = super().send_group_direct_message(
                 from_user,
                 to_users,
                 content,
@@ -2100,7 +2100,7 @@ class ZulipTestCase(ZulipTestCaseMixin, TestCase):
             )
         else:
             with self.captureOnCommitCallbacks(execute=True):
-                message_id = super().send_huddle_message(
+                message_id = super().send_group_direct_message(
                     from_user,
                     to_users,
                     content,
diff --git a/zerver/lib/url_encoding.py b/zerver/lib/url_encoding.py
index dde1a7e85b..25e22cb9db 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/url_encoding.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/url_encoding.py
@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@ def personal_narrow_url(*, realm: Realm, sender: UserProfile) -> str:
     return base_url + pm_slug
 
 
-def huddle_narrow_url(*, user: UserProfile, display_recipient: List[UserDisplayRecipient]) -> str:
+def direct_message_group_narrow_url(
+    *, user: UserProfile, display_recipient: List[UserDisplayRecipient]
+) -> str:
     realm = user.realm
     other_user_ids = [r["id"] for r in display_recipient if r["id"] != user.id]
     pm_slug = ",".join(str(user_id) for user_id in sorted(other_user_ids)) + "-group"
diff --git a/zerver/lib/users.py b/zerver/lib/users.py
index def2f5f9da..772c3cb21b 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/users.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/users.py
@@ -706,15 +706,13 @@ def get_user_ids_who_can_access_user(target_user: UserProfile) -> List[int]:
 
     active_non_guest_user_ids_in_realm = active_non_guest_user_ids(realm.id)
 
-    users_in_subscribed_streams_or_huddles_dict = get_subscribers_of_target_user_subscriptions(
-        [target_user]
-    )
+    users_sharing_any_subscription = get_subscribers_of_target_user_subscriptions([target_user])
     users_involved_in_dms_dict = get_users_involved_in_dms_with_target_users([target_user], realm)
 
     user_ids_who_can_access_target_user = (
         {target_user.id}
         | set(active_non_guest_user_ids_in_realm)
-        | users_in_subscribed_streams_or_huddles_dict[target_user.id]
+        | users_sharing_any_subscription[target_user.id]
         | users_involved_in_dms_dict[target_user.id]
     )
     return list(user_ids_who_can_access_target_user)
diff --git a/zerver/lib/zulip_update_announcements.py b/zerver/lib/zulip_update_announcements.py
index dc4cdba520..63ed9e6e0c 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/zulip_update_announcements.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/zulip_update_announcements.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from django.utils.translation import override as override_language
 
 from zerver.actions.message_send import (
     do_send_messages,
-    internal_prep_huddle_message,
+    internal_prep_group_direct_message,
     internal_prep_stream_message,
 )
 from zerver.lib.message import SendMessageRequest, remove_single_newlines
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ configuration change), or [turn this feature off]({organization_settings_url}) a
             organization_settings_url="/#organization/organization-settings",
             move_content_another_stream_help_url="/help/move-content-to-another-channel",
         )
-    return internal_prep_huddle_message(
+    return internal_prep_group_direct_message(
         realm, sender, remove_single_newlines(content), recipient_users=administrators
     )
 
diff --git a/zerver/management/commands/export_search.py b/zerver/management/commands/export_search.py
index a31a7acd88..d3974afeed 100644
--- a/zerver/management/commands/export_search.py
+++ b/zerver/management/commands/export_search.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from zerver.lib.management import ZulipBaseCommand
 from zerver.lib.soft_deactivation import reactivate_user_if_soft_deactivated
 from zerver.lib.upload import save_attachment_contents
 from zerver.models import AbstractUserMessage, Attachment, Message, Recipient, Stream, UserProfile
-from zerver.models.recipients import get_or_create_huddle
+from zerver.models.recipients import get_or_create_direct_message_group
 from zerver.models.users import get_user_by_delivery_email
 
 
@@ -176,8 +176,10 @@ This is most often used for legal compliance.
                     recipient=user_b.recipient, sender=user_a
                 )
             else:
-                huddle = get_or_create_huddle([user.id for user in user_profiles])
-                limits &= Q(recipient=huddle.recipient)
+                direct_message_group = get_or_create_direct_message_group(
+                    [user.id for user in user_profiles]
+                )
+                limits &= Q(recipient=direct_message_group.recipient)
 
         attachments_written: Set[str] = set()
         messages_query = Message.objects.filter(limits, realm=realm).order_by("date_sent")
diff --git a/zerver/models/recipients.py b/zerver/models/recipients.py
index cb2f1e12b5..6ecc2f2632 100644
--- a/zerver/models/recipients.py
+++ b/zerver/models/recipients.py
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class Recipient(models.Model):
         return self._type_names[self.type]
 
 
-def get_huddle_user_ids(recipient: Recipient) -> ValuesQuerySet["Subscription", int]:
+def get_direct_message_group_user_ids(recipient: Recipient) -> ValuesQuerySet["Subscription", int]:
     from zerver.models import Subscription
 
     assert recipient.type == Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def get_huddle_user_ids(recipient: Recipient) -> ValuesQuerySet["Subscription",
     )
 
 
-def bulk_get_huddle_user_ids(recipient_ids: List[int]) -> Dict[int, Set[int]]:
+def bulk_get_direct_message_group_user_ids(recipient_ids: List[int]) -> Dict[int, Set[int]]:
     """
     Takes a list of huddle-type recipient_ids, returns a dict
     mapping recipient id to list of user ids in the huddle.
@@ -133,13 +133,13 @@ class Huddle(models.Model):
     recipient = models.ForeignKey(Recipient, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
 
 
-def get_huddle_hash(id_list: List[int]) -> str:
+def get_direct_message_group_hash(id_list: List[int]) -> str:
     id_list = sorted(set(id_list))
     hash_key = ",".join(str(x) for x in id_list)
     return hashlib.sha1(hash_key.encode()).hexdigest()
 
 
-def get_or_create_huddle(id_list: List[int]) -> Huddle:
+def get_or_create_direct_message_group(id_list: List[int]) -> Huddle:
     """
     Takes a list of user IDs and returns the Huddle object for the
     group consisting of these users. If the Huddle object does not
@@ -147,15 +147,17 @@ def get_or_create_huddle(id_list: List[int]) -> Huddle:
     """
     from zerver.models import Subscription, UserProfile
 
-    huddle_hash = get_huddle_hash(id_list)
+    direct_message_group_hash = get_direct_message_group_hash(id_list)
     with transaction.atomic():
-        (huddle, created) = Huddle.objects.get_or_create(huddle_hash=huddle_hash)
+        (direct_message_group, created) = Huddle.objects.get_or_create(
+            huddle_hash=direct_message_group_hash
+        )
         if created:
             recipient = Recipient.objects.create(
-                type_id=huddle.id, type=Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP
+                type_id=direct_message_group.id, type=Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP
             )
-            huddle.recipient = recipient
-            huddle.save(update_fields=["recipient"])
+            direct_message_group.recipient = recipient
+            direct_message_group.save(update_fields=["recipient"])
             subs_to_create = [
                 Subscription(
                     recipient=recipient,
@@ -167,4 +169,4 @@ def get_or_create_huddle(id_list: List[int]) -> Huddle:
                 .values_list("id", "is_active")
             ]
             Subscription.objects.bulk_create(subs_to_create)
-        return huddle
+        return direct_message_group
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_email_mirror.py b/zerver/tests/test_email_mirror.py
index 8297e01f7f..b79fb11739 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_email_mirror.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_email_mirror.py
@@ -1039,7 +1039,7 @@ class TestMissedMessageEmailMessages(ZulipTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(message.recipient.type_id, user_profile.id)
         self.assertEqual(message.recipient.type, Recipient.PERSONAL)
 
-    def test_receive_missed_huddle_message_email_messages(self) -> None:
+    def test_receive_missed_group_direct_message_email_messages(self) -> None:
         # Build dummy messages for message notification email reply.
         # Have Othello send Iago and Cordelia a group direct message.
         # Cordelia will reply via email Iago and Othello will receive
@@ -1065,9 +1065,9 @@ class TestMissedMessageEmailMessages(ZulipTestCase):
         mm_address = create_missed_message_address(user_profile, usermessage.message)
 
         incoming_valid_message = EmailMessage()
-        incoming_valid_message.set_content("TestMissedHuddleMessageEmailMessages body")
+        incoming_valid_message.set_content("TestMissedGroupDirectMessageEmailMessages body")
 
-        incoming_valid_message["Subject"] = "TestMissedHuddleMessageEmailMessages subject"
+        incoming_valid_message["Subject"] = "TestMissedGroupDirectMessageEmailMessages subject"
         incoming_valid_message["From"] = self.example_email("cordelia")
         incoming_valid_message["To"] = mm_address
         incoming_valid_message["Reply-to"] = self.example_email("cordelia")
@@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ class TestMissedMessageEmailMessages(ZulipTestCase):
         user_profile = self.example_user("iago")
         message = most_recent_message(user_profile)
 
-        self.assertEqual(message.content, "TestMissedHuddleMessageEmailMessages body")
+        self.assertEqual(message.content, "TestMissedGroupDirectMessageEmailMessages body")
         self.assertEqual(message.sender, self.example_user("cordelia"))
         self.assertEqual(message.recipient.type, Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP)
 
@@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ class TestMissedMessageEmailMessages(ZulipTestCase):
         user_profile = self.example_user("othello")
         message = most_recent_message(user_profile)
 
-        self.assertEqual(message.content, "TestMissedHuddleMessageEmailMessages body")
+        self.assertEqual(message.content, "TestMissedGroupDirectMessageEmailMessages body")
         self.assertEqual(message.sender, self.example_user("cordelia"))
         self.assertEqual(message.recipient.type, Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP)
 
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_events.py b/zerver/tests/test_events.py
index d0c35bd63a..1d9f9cf81b 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_events.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_events.py
@@ -598,14 +598,17 @@ class NormalActionsTest(BaseAction):
             is_embedded_update_only=False,
         )
 
-    def test_huddle_send_message_events(self) -> None:
-        huddle = [
+    def test_direct_message_group_send_message_events(self) -> None:
+        direct_message_group = [
             self.example_user("hamlet"),
             self.example_user("othello"),
         ]
         with self.verify_action():
-            self.send_huddle_message(
-                self.example_user("cordelia"), huddle, "hola", skip_capture_on_commit_callbacks=True
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
+                self.example_user("cordelia"),
+                direct_message_group,
+                "hola",
+                skip_capture_on_commit_callbacks=True,
             )
 
     def test_user_creation_events_on_sending_messages(self) -> None:
@@ -634,7 +637,7 @@ class NormalActionsTest(BaseAction):
         desdemona = self.example_user("desdemona")
 
         with self.verify_action(num_events=3) as events:
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 othello, [polonius, desdemona, bot], "hola", skip_capture_on_commit_callbacks=True
             )
         check_realm_user_add("events[0]", events[0])
@@ -1068,17 +1071,17 @@ class NormalActionsTest(BaseAction):
                 do_update_message_flags(user_profile, "remove", "read", [personal_message])
             check_update_message_flags_remove("events[0]", events[0])
 
-            huddle_message = self.send_huddle_message(
+            group_direct_message = self.send_group_direct_message(
                 from_user=self.example_user("cordelia"),
                 to_users=[user_profile, self.example_user("othello")],
                 content=content,
             )
 
             with self.verify_action(state_change_expected=True):
-                do_update_message_flags(user_profile, "add", "read", [huddle_message])
+                do_update_message_flags(user_profile, "add", "read", [group_direct_message])
 
             with self.verify_action(state_change_expected=True) as events:
-                do_update_message_flags(user_profile, "remove", "read", [huddle_message])
+                do_update_message_flags(user_profile, "remove", "read", [group_direct_message])
             check_update_message_flags_remove("events[0]", events[0])
 
     def test_send_message_to_existing_recipient(self) -> None:
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_import_export.py b/zerver/tests/test_import_export.py
index 6c706bfcc3..6e77f882ee 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_import_export.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_import_export.py
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ from zerver.models.clients import get_client
 from zerver.models.groups import SystemGroups
 from zerver.models.presence import PresenceSequence
 from zerver.models.realms import get_realm
-from zerver.models.recipients import get_huddle_hash
+from zerver.models.recipients import get_direct_message_group_hash
 from zerver.models.streams import get_active_streams, get_stream
 from zerver.models.users import get_system_bot, get_user_by_delivery_email
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ def get_user_id(r: Realm, full_name: str) -> int:
     return UserProfile.objects.get(realm=r, full_name=full_name).id
 
 
-def get_huddle_hashes(r: Realm) -> str:
+def get_direct_message_group_hashes(r: Realm) -> str:
     cordelia_full_name = "Cordelia, Lear's daughter"
     hamlet_full_name = "King Hamlet"
     othello_full_name = "Othello, the Moor of Venice"
@@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ def get_huddle_hashes(r: Realm) -> str:
         get_user_id(r, othello_full_name),
     ]
 
-    huddle_hash = get_huddle_hash(user_id_list)
-    return huddle_hash
+    direct_message_group_hash = get_direct_message_group_hash(user_id_list)
+    return direct_message_group_hash
 
 
 class ExportFile(ZulipTestCase):
@@ -584,18 +584,18 @@ class RealmImportExportTest(ExportFile):
         self.subscribe(self.example_user("hamlet"), "Private D")
         self.send_stream_message(self.example_user("prospero"), "Private D", "Hello again stream D")
 
-        # Create huddles
-        self.send_huddle_message(
+        # Create direct message groups
+        self.send_group_direct_message(
             self.example_user("iago"), [self.example_user("cordelia"), self.example_user("AARON")]
         )
-        huddle_a = Huddle.objects.last()
-        self.send_huddle_message(
+        direct_message_group_a = Huddle.objects.last()
+        self.send_group_direct_message(
             self.example_user("ZOE"),
             [self.example_user("hamlet"), self.example_user("AARON"), self.example_user("othello")],
         )
-        huddle_b = Huddle.objects.last()
+        direct_message_group_b = Huddle.objects.last()
 
-        huddle_c_message_id = self.send_huddle_message(
+        direct_message_group_c_message_id = self.send_group_direct_message(
             self.example_user("AARON"),
             [self.example_user("cordelia"), self.example_user("ZOE"), self.example_user("othello")],
         )
@@ -720,13 +720,17 @@ class RealmImportExportTest(ExportFile):
             .values_list("id", flat=True)
         )
 
-        # Third huddle is not exported since none of the members gave consent
-        assert huddle_a is not None and huddle_b is not None
-        huddle_recipients = Recipient.objects.filter(
-            type_id__in=[huddle_a.id, huddle_b.id], type=Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP
+        # Third direct message group is not exported since none of
+        # the members gave consent
+        assert direct_message_group_a is not None and direct_message_group_b is not None
+        direct_message_group_recipients = Recipient.objects.filter(
+            type_id__in=[direct_message_group_a.id, direct_message_group_b.id],
+            type=Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP,
         )
-        pm_query = Q(recipient__in=huddle_recipients) | Q(sender__in=consented_user_ids)
-        exported_huddle_ids = (
+        pm_query = Q(recipient__in=direct_message_group_recipients) | Q(
+            sender__in=consented_user_ids
+        )
+        exported_direct_message_group_ids = (
             Message.objects.filter(pm_query, realm=realm.id)
             .values_list("id", flat=True)
             .values_list("id", flat=True)
@@ -737,14 +741,14 @@ class RealmImportExportTest(ExportFile):
             *private_stream_message_ids,
             stream_b_second_message_id,
             *exported_pm_ids,
-            *exported_huddle_ids,
+            *exported_direct_message_group_ids,
         }
         self.assertEqual(self.get_set(data["zerver_message"], "id"), exported_msg_ids)
 
         self.assertNotIn(stream_b_first_message_id, exported_msg_ids)
 
         self.assertNotIn(stream_c_message_id, exported_msg_ids)
-        self.assertNotIn(huddle_c_message_id, exported_msg_ids)
+        self.assertNotIn(direct_message_group_c_message_id, exported_msg_ids)
 
         self.assertNotIn(pm_a_msg_id, exported_msg_ids)
         self.assertIn(pm_b_msg_id, exported_msg_ids)
@@ -801,15 +805,15 @@ class RealmImportExportTest(ExportFile):
             modified_user=hamlet, event_type=RealmAuditLog.USER_CREATED
         ).update(acting_user_id=cross_realm_bot.id)
 
-        # data to test import of huddles
-        huddle = [
+        # data to test import of direct message groups
+        direct_message_group = [
             self.example_user("hamlet"),
             self.example_user("othello"),
         ]
-        self.send_huddle_message(
+        self.send_group_direct_message(
             self.example_user("cordelia"),
-            huddle,
-            "test huddle message",
+            direct_message_group,
+            "test group direct message",
         )
 
         user_mention_message = "@**King Hamlet** Hello"
@@ -991,8 +995,12 @@ class RealmImportExportTest(ExportFile):
 
         self.verify_emoji_code_foreign_keys()
 
-        # Our huddle hashes change, because hashes use ids that change.
-        self.assertNotEqual(get_huddle_hashes(original_realm), get_huddle_hashes(imported_realm))
+        # Our direct message group hashes change, because hashes
+        # use ids that change.
+        self.assertNotEqual(
+            get_direct_message_group_hashes(original_realm),
+            get_direct_message_group_hashes(imported_realm),
+        )
 
         # test to highlight that bs4 which we use to do data-**id
         # replacements modifies the HTML sometimes. eg replacing <br>
@@ -1039,13 +1047,11 @@ class RealmImportExportTest(ExportFile):
                 Recipient.objects.get(type=Recipient.STREAM, type_id=stream.id).id,
             )
 
-        for huddle_object in Huddle.objects.all():
+        for dm_group in Huddle.objects.all():
             # Huddles don't have a realm column, so we just test all Huddles for simplicity.
             self.assertEqual(
-                huddle_object.recipient_id,
-                Recipient.objects.get(
-                    type=Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP, type_id=huddle_object.id
-                ).id,
+                dm_group.recipient_id,
+                Recipient.objects.get(type=Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP, type_id=dm_group.id).id,
             )
 
         self.assertEqual(ScheduledMessage.objects.filter(realm=imported_realm).count(), 1)
@@ -1268,13 +1274,15 @@ class RealmImportExportTest(ExportFile):
             return realmauditlog_event_type
 
         @getter
-        def get_huddle_message(r: Realm) -> str:
-            huddle_hash = get_huddle_hashes(r)
-            huddle_id = Huddle.objects.get(huddle_hash=huddle_hash).id
-            huddle_recipient = Recipient.objects.get(type_id=huddle_id, type=3)
-            huddle_message = Message.objects.get(recipient=huddle_recipient)
-            self.assertEqual(huddle_message.content, "test huddle message")
-            return huddle_message.content
+        def get_group_direct_message(r: Realm) -> str:
+            direct_message_group_hash = get_direct_message_group_hashes(r)
+            direct_message_group_id = Huddle.objects.get(huddle_hash=direct_message_group_hash).id
+            direct_message_group_recipient = Recipient.objects.get(
+                type_id=direct_message_group_id, type=3
+            )
+            group_direct_message = Message.objects.get(recipient=direct_message_group_recipient)
+            self.assertEqual(group_direct_message.content, "test group direct message")
+            return group_direct_message.content
 
         @getter
         def get_alertwords(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
@@ -1883,12 +1891,16 @@ class SingleUserExportTest(ExportFile):
 
         # Try to fool the export again
         self.send_personal_message(othello, hamlet)
-        self.send_huddle_message(othello, [hamlet, polonius])
+        self.send_group_direct_message(othello, [hamlet, polonius])
 
         hi_hamlet_message_id = self.send_personal_message(cordelia, hamlet, "hi hamlet")
 
-        hi_peeps_message_id = self.send_huddle_message(cordelia, [hamlet, othello], "hi peeps")
-        bye_peeps_message_id = self.send_huddle_message(othello, [cordelia, hamlet], "bye peeps")
+        hi_peeps_message_id = self.send_group_direct_message(
+            cordelia, [hamlet, othello], "hi peeps"
+        )
+        bye_peeps_message_id = self.send_group_direct_message(
+            othello, [cordelia, hamlet], "bye peeps"
+        )
 
         bye_hamlet_message_id = self.send_personal_message(cordelia, hamlet, "bye hamlet")
 
@@ -1903,7 +1915,9 @@ class SingleUserExportTest(ExportFile):
 
         messages = read_json("messages-000001.json")
 
-        huddle_name = "Cordelia, Lear's daughter, King Hamlet, Othello, the Moor of Venice"
+        direct_message_group_name = (
+            "Cordelia, Lear's daughter, King Hamlet, Othello, the Moor of Venice"
+        )
 
         excerpt = [
             (rec["id"], rec["content"], rec["recipient_name"])
@@ -1915,8 +1929,8 @@ class SingleUserExportTest(ExportFile):
                 (smile_message_id, "SMILE!", "Denmark"),
                 (hi_stream_message_id, "hi stream", "Denmark"),
                 (hi_hamlet_message_id, "hi hamlet", hamlet.full_name),
-                (hi_peeps_message_id, "hi peeps", huddle_name),
-                (bye_peeps_message_id, "bye peeps", huddle_name),
+                (hi_peeps_message_id, "hi peeps", direct_message_group_name),
+                (bye_peeps_message_id, "bye peeps", direct_message_group_name),
                 (bye_hamlet_message_id, "bye hamlet", hamlet.full_name),
                 (hi_myself_message_id, "hi myself", cordelia.full_name),
                 (bye_stream_message_id, "bye stream", "Denmark"),
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_mattermost_importer.py b/zerver/tests/test_mattermost_importer.py
index fda54ed030..f6dafb92f5 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_mattermost_importer.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_mattermost_importer.py
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ from zerver.data_import.mattermost import (
     build_reactions,
     check_user_in_team,
     convert_channel_data,
-    convert_huddle_data,
+    convert_direct_message_group_data,
     convert_user_data,
     create_username_to_user_mapping,
     do_convert_data,
-    generate_huddle_name,
+    generate_direct_message_group_name,
     get_mentioned_user_ids,
     label_mirror_dummy_users,
     mattermost_data_file_to_dict,
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ class MatterMostImporter(ZulipTestCase):
             {malfoy_id, pansy_id},
         )
 
-    def test_convert_huddle_data(self) -> None:
+    def test_convert_direct_message_group_data(self) -> None:
         fixture_file_name = self.fixture_file_name(
             "export.json", "mattermost_fixtures/direct_channel"
         )
@@ -358,8 +358,8 @@ class MatterMostImporter(ZulipTestCase):
             team_name=team_name,
         )
 
-        zerver_huddle = convert_huddle_data(
-            huddle_data=mattermost_data["direct_channel"],
+        zerver_huddle = convert_direct_message_group_data(
+            direct_message_group_data=mattermost_data["direct_channel"],
             user_data_map=username_to_user,
             subscriber_handler=subscriber_handler,
             huddle_id_mapper=huddle_id_mapper,
@@ -369,12 +369,15 @@ class MatterMostImporter(ZulipTestCase):
         )
 
         self.assert_length(zerver_huddle, 1)
-        huddle_members = mattermost_data["direct_channel"][1]["members"]
-        huddle_name = generate_huddle_name(huddle_members)
+        direct_message_group_members = mattermost_data["direct_channel"][1]["members"]
+        direct_message_group_name = generate_direct_message_group_name(direct_message_group_members)
 
-        self.assertTrue(huddle_id_mapper.has(huddle_name))
+        self.assertTrue(huddle_id_mapper.has(direct_message_group_name))
         self.assertEqual(
-            subscriber_handler.get_users(huddle_id=huddle_id_mapper.get(huddle_name)), {1, 2, 3}
+            subscriber_handler.get_users(
+                direct_message_group_id=huddle_id_mapper.get(direct_message_group_name)
+            ),
+            {1, 2, 3},
         )
 
     def test_write_emoticon_data(self) -> None:
@@ -669,8 +672,8 @@ class MatterMostImporter(ZulipTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(
             warn_log.output,
             [
-                "WARNING:root:Skipping importing huddles and DMs since there are multiple teams in the export",
-                "WARNING:root:Skipping importing huddles and DMs since there are multiple teams in the export",
+                "WARNING:root:Skipping importing direct message groups and DMs since there are multiple teams in the export",
+                "WARNING:root:Skipping importing direct message groups and DMs since there are multiple teams in the export",
             ],
         )
 
@@ -871,14 +874,16 @@ class MatterMostImporter(ZulipTestCase):
         self.assertFalse(stream_messages[3].has_image)
         self.assertTrue(stream_messages[3].has_link)
 
-        huddle_messages = messages.filter(recipient__type=Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP).order_by(
-            "date_sent"
+        group_direct_messages = messages.filter(
+            recipient__type=Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP
+        ).order_by("date_sent")
+        direct_message_group_recipients = group_direct_messages.values_list("recipient", flat=True)
+        self.assert_length(group_direct_messages, 3)
+        self.assert_length(set(direct_message_group_recipients), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(group_direct_messages[0].sender.email, "ginny@zulip.com")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            group_direct_messages[0].content, "Who is going to Hogsmeade this weekend?\n\n"
         )
-        huddle_recipients = huddle_messages.values_list("recipient", flat=True)
-        self.assert_length(huddle_messages, 3)
-        self.assert_length(set(huddle_recipients), 1)
-        self.assertEqual(huddle_messages[0].sender.email, "ginny@zulip.com")
-        self.assertEqual(huddle_messages[0].content, "Who is going to Hogsmeade this weekend?\n\n")
 
         personal_messages = messages.filter(recipient__type=Recipient.PERSONAL).order_by(
             "date_sent"
@@ -909,8 +914,8 @@ class MatterMostImporter(ZulipTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(
             warn_log.output,
             [
-                "WARNING:root:Skipping importing huddles and DMs since there are multiple teams in the export",
-                "WARNING:root:Skipping importing huddles and DMs since there are multiple teams in the export",
+                "WARNING:root:Skipping importing direct message groups and DMs since there are multiple teams in the export",
+                "WARNING:root:Skipping importing direct message groups and DMs since there are multiple teams in the export",
             ],
         )
 
@@ -936,8 +941,8 @@ class MatterMostImporter(ZulipTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(
             warn_log.output,
             [
-                "WARNING:root:Skipping importing huddles and DMs since there are multiple teams in the export",
-                "WARNING:root:Skipping importing huddles and DMs since there are multiple teams in the export",
+                "WARNING:root:Skipping importing direct message groups and DMs since there are multiple teams in the export",
+                "WARNING:root:Skipping importing direct message groups and DMs since there are multiple teams in the export",
             ],
         )
 
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_message_dict.py b/zerver/tests/test_message_dict.py
index c172b05648..078cc80585 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_message_dict.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_message_dict.py
@@ -581,14 +581,14 @@ class TestMessageForIdsDisplayRecipientFetching(ZulipTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(messages[0]["display_recipient"], "Verona")
         self.assertEqual(messages[1]["display_recipient"], "Denmark")
 
-    def test_display_recipient_huddle(self) -> None:
+    def test_display_recipient_direct_message_group(self) -> None:
         hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet")
         cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
         othello = self.example_user("othello")
         iago = self.example_user("iago")
         message_ids = [
-            self.send_huddle_message(hamlet, [cordelia, othello], "test"),
-            self.send_huddle_message(cordelia, [hamlet, othello, iago], "test"),
+            self.send_group_direct_message(hamlet, [cordelia, othello], "test"),
+            self.send_group_direct_message(cordelia, [hamlet, othello, iago], "test"),
         ]
 
         messages = messages_for_ids(
@@ -619,11 +619,11 @@ class TestMessageForIdsDisplayRecipientFetching(ZulipTestCase):
         self.subscribe(hamlet, "Scotland")
 
         message_ids = [
-            self.send_huddle_message(hamlet, [cordelia, othello], "test"),
+            self.send_group_direct_message(hamlet, [cordelia, othello], "test"),
             self.send_stream_message(cordelia, "Verona", content="test"),
             self.send_personal_message(hamlet, cordelia, "test"),
             self.send_stream_message(cordelia, "Denmark", content="test"),
-            self.send_huddle_message(cordelia, [hamlet, othello, iago], "test"),
+            self.send_group_direct_message(cordelia, [hamlet, othello, iago], "test"),
             self.send_personal_message(cordelia, othello, "test"),
         ]
 
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_message_fetch.py b/zerver/tests/test_message_fetch.py
index 16afad2b14..593a975601 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_message_fetch.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_message_fetch.py
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ from zerver.models import (
     UserTopic,
 )
 from zerver.models.realms import get_realm
-from zerver.models.recipients import get_or_create_huddle
+from zerver.models.recipients import get_or_create_direct_message_group
 from zerver.models.streams import get_stream
 from zerver.views.message_fetch import get_messages_backend
 
@@ -385,15 +385,17 @@ class NarrowBuilderTest(ZulipTestCase):
             "WHERE (flags & %(flags_1)s) != %(param_1)s AND realm_id = %(realm_id_1)s AND (sender_id = %(sender_id_1)s AND recipient_id = %(recipient_id_1)s OR sender_id = %(sender_id_2)s AND recipient_id = %(recipient_id_2)s)",
         )
 
-    def test_add_term_using_dm_operator_more_than_one_user_as_operand_no_huddle(self) -> None:
+    def test_add_term_using_dm_operator_more_than_one_user_as_operand_no_direct_message_group(
+        self,
+    ) -> None:
         # If the group doesn't exist, it's a flat false
         two_others = f"{self.example_user('cordelia').email},{self.example_user('othello').email}"
         term = NarrowParameter(operator="dm", operand=two_others)
         self._do_add_term_test(term, "WHERE false")
 
     def test_add_term_using_dm_operator_more_than_one_user_as_operand(self) -> None:
-        # Make the huddle first
-        get_or_create_huddle(
+        # Make the direct message group first
+        get_or_create_direct_message_group(
             [
                 self.example_user("hamlet").id,
                 self.example_user("cordelia").id,
@@ -416,7 +418,7 @@ class NarrowBuilderTest(ZulipTestCase):
             "WHERE NOT ((flags & %(flags_1)s) != %(param_1)s AND realm_id = %(realm_id_1)s AND (sender_id = %(sender_id_1)s AND recipient_id = %(recipient_id_1)s OR sender_id = %(sender_id_2)s AND recipient_id = %(recipient_id_2)s))",
         )
 
-    def test_add_term_using_dm_operator_more_than_one_user_as_operand_no_huddle_and_negated(
+    def test_add_term_using_dm_operator_more_than_one_user_as_operand_no_direct_message_group_and_negated(
         self,
     ) -> None:  # NEGATED
         # If the group doesn't exist, it's a flat true
@@ -427,8 +429,8 @@ class NarrowBuilderTest(ZulipTestCase):
     def test_add_term_using_dm_operator_more_than_one_user_as_operand_and_negated(
         self,
     ) -> None:  # NEGATED
-        # Make the huddle first
-        get_or_create_huddle(
+        # Make the direct message group first
+        get_or_create_direct_message_group(
             [
                 self.example_user("hamlet").id,
                 self.example_user("cordelia").id,
@@ -464,7 +466,7 @@ class NarrowBuilderTest(ZulipTestCase):
         )
 
         # Test with at least one such group direct messages existing
-        self.send_huddle_message(
+        self.send_group_direct_message(
             self.user_profile, [self.example_user("othello"), self.example_user("cordelia")]
         )
 
@@ -2218,7 +2220,7 @@ class GetOldMessagesTest(ZulipTestCase):
 
         self.send_personal_message(me, self.example_user("iago"))
 
-        self.send_huddle_message(
+        self.send_group_direct_message(
             me,
             [self.example_user("iago"), self.example_user("cordelia")],
         )
@@ -2227,7 +2229,7 @@ class GetOldMessagesTest(ZulipTestCase):
         # Then deactivate Aaron to test "dm" narrow includes messages
         # from deactivated users also.
         self.send_personal_message(me, self.example_user("aaron"))
-        self.send_huddle_message(
+        self.send_group_direct_message(
             me,
             [self.example_user("iago"), self.example_user("aaron")],
         )
@@ -2257,18 +2259,20 @@ class GetOldMessagesTest(ZulipTestCase):
 
     def test_get_messages_with_nonexistent_group_dm(self) -> None:
         me = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        # Huddle which doesn't match anything gets no results
-        non_existent_huddle = [
+        # Direct message group which doesn't match anything gets no results
+        non_existent_direct_message_group = [
             me.id,
             self.example_user("iago").id,
             self.example_user("othello").id,
         ]
         self.login_user(me)
-        narrow: List[Dict[str, Any]] = [dict(operator="dm", operand=non_existent_huddle)]
+        narrow: List[Dict[str, Any]] = [
+            dict(operator="dm", operand=non_existent_direct_message_group)
+        ]
         result = self.get_and_check_messages(dict(narrow=orjson.dumps(narrow).decode()))
         self.assertEqual(result["messages"], [])
 
-        narrow = [dict(operator="dm", operand=non_existent_huddle, negated=True)]
+        narrow = [dict(operator="dm", operand=non_existent_direct_message_group, negated=True)]
         result = self.get_and_check_messages(dict(narrow=orjson.dumps(narrow).decode()))
         self.assertEqual([m["id"] for m in result["messages"]], [1, 3])
 
@@ -2295,17 +2299,17 @@ class GetOldMessagesTest(ZulipTestCase):
 
         matching_message_ids = [
             # group direct message, sent by current user
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 me,
                 [iago, cordelia, othello],
             ),
             # group direct message, sent by searched user
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 cordelia,
                 [me, othello],
             ),
             # group direct message, sent by another user
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 othello,
                 [me, cordelia],
             ),
@@ -2323,12 +2327,12 @@ class GetOldMessagesTest(ZulipTestCase):
             # direct 1:1 message, current user to self
             self.send_personal_message(me, me),
             # group direct message, sent by current user
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 me,
                 [iago, othello],
             ),
             # group direct message, sent by searched user
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 cordelia,
                 [iago, othello],
             ),
@@ -2352,17 +2356,17 @@ class GetOldMessagesTest(ZulipTestCase):
         othello = self.example_user("othello")
 
         message_ids = [
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 me,
                 [iago, cordelia, othello],
             ),
             self.send_personal_message(me, cordelia),
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 cordelia,
                 [me, othello],
             ),
             self.send_personal_message(cordelia, me),
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 iago,
                 [cordelia, me],
             ),
@@ -2383,11 +2387,11 @@ class GetOldMessagesTest(ZulipTestCase):
         othello = self.example_user("othello")
 
         matching_message_ids = [
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 me,
                 [iago, cordelia, othello],
             ),
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 me,
                 [cordelia, othello],
             ),
@@ -2395,11 +2399,11 @@ class GetOldMessagesTest(ZulipTestCase):
 
         non_matching_message_ids = [
             self.send_personal_message(me, cordelia),
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 me,
                 [iago, othello],
             ),
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 self.example_user("cordelia"),
                 [iago, othello],
             ),
@@ -2423,15 +2427,15 @@ class GetOldMessagesTest(ZulipTestCase):
         othello = self.example_user("othello")
 
         message_ids = [
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 me,
                 [iago, cordelia, othello],
             ),
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 me,
                 [cordelia, othello],
             ),
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 me,
                 [cordelia, iago],
             ),
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_message_flags.py b/zerver/tests/test_message_flags.py
index 4877f2a4bf..4117bd6db3 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_message_flags.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_message_flags.py
@@ -1010,22 +1010,22 @@ class GetUnreadMsgsTest(ZulipTestCase):
             ),
         )
 
-    def test_raw_unread_huddle(self) -> None:
+    def test_raw_unread_direct_message_group(self) -> None:
         cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
         othello = self.example_user("othello")
         hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet")
         prospero = self.example_user("prospero")
 
-        huddle1_message_ids = [
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+        direct_message_group1_message_ids = [
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 cordelia,
                 [hamlet, othello],
             )
             for i in range(3)
         ]
 
-        huddle2_message_ids = [
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+        direct_message_group2_message_ids = [
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 cordelia,
                 [hamlet, prospero],
             )
@@ -1036,18 +1036,20 @@ class GetUnreadMsgsTest(ZulipTestCase):
             user_profile=hamlet,
         )
 
-        huddle_dict = raw_unread_data["huddle_dict"]
+        direct_message_group_dict = raw_unread_data["huddle_dict"]
 
         self.assertEqual(
-            set(huddle_dict.keys()),
-            set(huddle1_message_ids) | set(huddle2_message_ids),
+            set(direct_message_group_dict.keys()),
+            set(direct_message_group1_message_ids) | set(direct_message_group2_message_ids),
         )
 
-        huddle_string = ",".join(str(uid) for uid in sorted([cordelia.id, hamlet.id, othello.id]))
+        direct_message_group_string = ",".join(
+            str(uid) for uid in sorted([cordelia.id, hamlet.id, othello.id])
+        )
 
         self.assertEqual(
-            huddle_dict[huddle1_message_ids[0]],
-            dict(user_ids_string=huddle_string),
+            direct_message_group_dict[direct_message_group1_message_ids[0]],
+            dict(user_ids_string=direct_message_group_string),
         )
 
     def test_raw_unread_personal(self) -> None:
@@ -1205,7 +1207,7 @@ class GetUnreadMsgsTest(ZulipTestCase):
             content="hello",
         )
 
-        huddle_message_id = self.send_huddle_message(
+        group_direct_message_id = self.send_group_direct_message(
             sender,
             [user_profile, othello],
             "hello3",
@@ -1260,13 +1262,17 @@ class GetUnreadMsgsTest(ZulipTestCase):
             unread_stream["unread_message_ids"], [unmuted_topic_muted_stream_message_id]
         )
 
-        huddle_string = ",".join(
+        direct_message_group_string = ",".join(
             str(uid) for uid in sorted([sender_id, user_profile.id, othello.id])
         )
 
-        unread_huddle = result["huddles"][0]
-        self.assertEqual(unread_huddle["user_ids_string"], huddle_string)
-        self.assertEqual(unread_huddle["unread_message_ids"], [huddle_message_id])
+        unread_direct_message_group = result["huddles"][0]
+        self.assertEqual(
+            unread_direct_message_group["user_ids_string"], direct_message_group_string
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            unread_direct_message_group["unread_message_ids"], [group_direct_message_id]
+        )
 
         self.assertEqual(result["mentions"], [])
 
@@ -2497,13 +2503,13 @@ class MarkUnreadTest(ZulipTestCase):
             )
             self.assertTrue(um.flags.read)
 
-    def test_huddle_messages_unread(self) -> None:
+    def test_group_direct_messages_unread(self) -> None:
         sender = self.example_user("cordelia")
         receiver = self.example_user("hamlet")
         user1 = self.example_user("othello")
         message_ids = [
-            # self.send_huddle_message(sender, receiver, content="Hello") for i in range(4)
-            self.send_huddle_message(sender, [receiver, user1])
+            # self.send_group_direct_message(sender, receiver, content="Hello") for i in range(4)
+            self.send_group_direct_message(sender, [receiver, user1])
             for i in range(4)
         ]
         self.login("hamlet")
@@ -2558,13 +2564,13 @@ class MarkUnreadTest(ZulipTestCase):
             )
             self.assertTrue(um.flags.read)
 
-    def test_huddle_messages_unread_mention(self) -> None:
+    def test_group_direct_messages_unread_mention(self) -> None:
         sender = self.example_user("cordelia")
         receiver = self.example_user("hamlet")
         user1 = self.example_user("othello")
         message_ids = [
-            # self.send_huddle_message(sender, receiver, content="Hello") for i in range(4)
-            self.send_huddle_message(
+            # self.send_group_direct_message(sender, receiver, content="Hello") for i in range(4)
+            self.send_group_direct_message(
                 from_user=sender, to_users=[receiver, user1], content="@**King Hamlet**"
             )
             for i in range(4)
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_message_notification_emails.py b/zerver/tests/test_message_notification_emails.py
index 976f5df7e5..e3c85c1dfc 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_message_notification_emails.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_message_notification_emails.py
@@ -544,10 +544,10 @@ class TestMessageNotificationEmails(ZulipTestCase):
         email_subject = "DMs with Othello, the Moor of Venice"
         self._test_cases(msg_id, verify_body_include, email_subject)
 
-    def _extra_context_in_missed_huddle_messages_two_others(
+    def _extra_context_in_missed_group_direct_messages_two_others(
         self, show_message_content: bool = True
     ) -> None:
-        msg_id = self.send_huddle_message(
+        msg_id = self.send_group_direct_message(
             self.example_user("othello"),
             [
                 self.example_user("hamlet"),
@@ -585,8 +585,8 @@ class TestMessageNotificationEmails(ZulipTestCase):
             verify_body_does_not_include=verify_body_does_not_include,
         )
 
-    def _extra_context_in_missed_huddle_messages_three_others(self) -> None:
-        msg_id = self.send_huddle_message(
+    def _extra_context_in_missed_group_direct_messages_three_others(self) -> None:
+        msg_id = self.send_group_direct_message(
             self.example_user("othello"),
             [
                 self.example_user("hamlet"),
@@ -602,8 +602,8 @@ class TestMessageNotificationEmails(ZulipTestCase):
         )
         self._test_cases(msg_id, verify_body_include, email_subject)
 
-    def _extra_context_in_missed_huddle_messages_many_others(self) -> None:
-        msg_id = self.send_huddle_message(
+    def _extra_context_in_missed_group_direct_messages_many_others(self) -> None:
+        msg_id = self.send_group_direct_message(
             self.example_user("othello"),
             [
                 self.example_user("hamlet"),
@@ -648,8 +648,8 @@ class TestMessageNotificationEmails(ZulipTestCase):
         )
         self.assert_length(mail.outbox, 0)
 
-    def _deleted_message_in_missed_huddle_messages(self) -> None:
-        msg_id = self.send_huddle_message(
+    def _deleted_message_in_missed_group_direct_messages(self) -> None:
+        msg_id = self.send_group_direct_message(
             self.example_user("othello"),
             [
                 self.example_user("hamlet"),
@@ -1042,7 +1042,7 @@ class TestMessageNotificationEmails(ZulipTestCase):
             show_message_content=False, message_content_disabled_by_user=True
         )
         mail.outbox = []
-        self._extra_context_in_missed_huddle_messages_two_others(show_message_content=False)
+        self._extra_context_in_missed_group_direct_messages_two_others(show_message_content=False)
 
     def test_extra_context_in_missed_stream_messages(self) -> None:
         self._extra_context_in_missed_stream_messages_mention()
@@ -1100,14 +1100,14 @@ class TestMessageNotificationEmails(ZulipTestCase):
     def test_extra_context_in_missed_personal_messages(self) -> None:
         self._extra_context_in_missed_personal_messages()
 
-    def test_extra_context_in_missed_huddle_messages_two_others(self) -> None:
-        self._extra_context_in_missed_huddle_messages_two_others()
+    def test_extra_context_in_missed_group_direct_messages_two_others(self) -> None:
+        self._extra_context_in_missed_group_direct_messages_two_others()
 
-    def test_extra_context_in_missed_huddle_messages_three_others(self) -> None:
-        self._extra_context_in_missed_huddle_messages_three_others()
+    def test_extra_context_in_missed_group_direct_messages_three_others(self) -> None:
+        self._extra_context_in_missed_group_direct_messages_three_others()
 
-    def test_extra_context_in_missed_huddle_messages_many_others(self) -> None:
-        self._extra_context_in_missed_huddle_messages_many_others()
+    def test_extra_context_in_missed_group_direct_messages_many_others(self) -> None:
+        self._extra_context_in_missed_group_direct_messages_many_others()
 
     def test_deleted_message_in_missed_stream_messages(self) -> None:
         self._deleted_message_in_missed_stream_messages()
@@ -1115,8 +1115,8 @@ class TestMessageNotificationEmails(ZulipTestCase):
     def test_deleted_message_in_missed_personal_messages(self) -> None:
         self._deleted_message_in_missed_personal_messages()
 
-    def test_deleted_message_in_missed_huddle_messages(self) -> None:
-        self._deleted_message_in_missed_huddle_messages()
+    def test_deleted_message_in_missed_group_direct_messages(self) -> None:
+        self._deleted_message_in_missed_group_direct_messages()
 
     def test_realm_message_content_allowed_in_email_notifications(self) -> None:
         user = self.example_user("hamlet")
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_message_send.py b/zerver/tests/test_message_send.py
index cac7bfee22..db07ee6746 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_message_send.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_message_send.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from zerver.actions.message_send import (
     extract_stream_indicator,
     internal_prep_private_message,
     internal_prep_stream_message_by_name,
-    internal_send_huddle_message,
+    internal_send_group_direct_message,
     internal_send_private_message,
     internal_send_stream_message,
     internal_send_stream_message_by_name,
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ from zerver.models import (
 from zerver.models.constants import MAX_TOPIC_NAME_LENGTH
 from zerver.models.groups import SystemGroups
 from zerver.models.realms import PrivateMessagePolicyEnum, WildcardMentionPolicyEnum, get_realm
-from zerver.models.recipients import get_or_create_huddle
+from zerver.models.recipients import get_or_create_direct_message_group
 from zerver.models.streams import get_stream
 from zerver.models.users import get_system_bot, get_user
 from zerver.views.message_send import InvalidMirrorInputError
@@ -713,14 +713,14 @@ class MessagePOSTTest(ZulipTestCase):
 
             msg = self.get_last_message()
             self.assertEqual("Test message", msg.content)
-            huddle = get_or_create_huddle(
+            direct_message_group = get_or_create_direct_message_group(
                 [
                     self.example_user("hamlet").id,
                     self.example_user("othello").id,
                     self.example_user("cordelia").id,
                 ]
             )
-            self.assertEqual(msg.recipient_id, huddle.recipient_id)
+            self.assertEqual(msg.recipient_id, direct_message_group.recipient_id)
 
     def test_personal_message_copying_self(self) -> None:
         """
@@ -967,9 +967,9 @@ class MessagePOSTTest(ZulipTestCase):
         )
         self.assert_json_error(result, "Message must have recipients")
 
-    def test_mirrored_huddle(self) -> None:
+    def test_mirrored_direct_message_group(self) -> None:
         """
-        Sending a mirrored huddle message works
+        Sending a mirrored group direct message works
         """
         result = self.api_post(
             self.mit_user("starnine"),
@@ -1042,9 +1042,9 @@ class MessagePOSTTest(ZulipTestCase):
         )
         self.assert_json_error(result, "User not authorized for this query")
 
-    def test_duplicated_mirrored_huddle(self) -> None:
+    def test_duplicated_mirrored_direct_message_group(self) -> None:
         """
-        Sending two mirrored huddles in the row return the same ID
+        Sending two mirrored direct message groups in the row return the same ID
         """
         msg = {
             "type": "direct",
@@ -2325,7 +2325,7 @@ class StreamMessagesTest(ZulipTestCase):
 
         self.assert_stream_message(non_ascii_stream_name, topic_name="hümbüǵ", content="hümbüǵ")
 
-    def test_get_raw_unread_data_for_huddle_messages(self) -> None:
+    def test_get_raw_unread_data_for_group_direct_messages(self) -> None:
         users = [
             self.example_user("hamlet"),
             self.example_user("cordelia"),
@@ -2334,8 +2334,8 @@ class StreamMessagesTest(ZulipTestCase):
             self.example_user("othello"),
         ]
 
-        message1_id = self.send_huddle_message(users[0], users, "test content 1")
-        message2_id = self.send_huddle_message(users[0], users, "test content 2")
+        message1_id = self.send_group_direct_message(users[0], users, "test content 1")
+        message2_id = self.send_group_direct_message(users[0], users, "test content 2")
 
         msg_data = get_raw_unread_data(users[1])
 
@@ -2580,7 +2580,7 @@ class InternalPrepTest(ZulipTestCase):
         )
 
         with self.assertLogs(level="ERROR") as m:
-            internal_send_huddle_message(
+            internal_send_group_direct_message(
                 realm=realm,
                 sender=cordelia,
                 emails=[hamlet.email, othello.email],
@@ -2840,23 +2840,24 @@ class TestCrossRealmPMs(ZulipTestCase):
         # (We don't particularly need this feature, but since users can
         # already individually send direct messages to cross-realm bots,
         # we shouldn't prevent them from sending multiple bots at once.
-        # We may revisit this if it's a nuisance for huddles.)
-        self.send_huddle_message(user1, [notification_bot, support_bot])
+        # We may revisit this if it's a nuisance for direct message
+        # groups.)
+        self.send_group_direct_message(user1, [notification_bot, support_bot])
         assert_message_received(notification_bot, user1)
         assert_message_received(support_bot, user1)
 
         # Prevent old loophole where I could send direct messages to other
         # users as long as I copied a cross-realm bot from the same realm.
         with assert_invalid_user():
-            self.send_huddle_message(user1, [user3, support_bot])
+            self.send_group_direct_message(user1, [user3, support_bot])
 
         # Users on three different realms can't send direct messages to
         # each other, even if one of the users is a cross-realm bot.
         with assert_invalid_user():
-            self.send_huddle_message(user1, [user2, notification_bot])
+            self.send_group_direct_message(user1, [user2, notification_bot])
 
         with assert_invalid_user():
-            self.send_huddle_message(notification_bot, [user1, user2])
+            self.send_group_direct_message(notification_bot, [user1, user2])
 
         # Users on the different realms cannot send direct messages to
         # each other.
@@ -2871,7 +2872,7 @@ class TestCrossRealmPMs(ZulipTestCase):
         # Users on three different realms cannot send direct messages
         # to each other.
         with assert_invalid_user():
-            self.send_huddle_message(user1, [user2, user3])
+            self.send_group_direct_message(user1, [user2, user3])
 
 
 class TestAddressee(ZulipTestCase):
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_messages.py b/zerver/tests/test_messages.py
index 5b08732aaf..30be7ac969 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_messages.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_messages.py
@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
 from zerver.actions.message_send import get_active_presence_idle_user_ids
 from zerver.lib.test_classes import ZulipTestCase
 from zerver.models import Message, UserPresence, UserProfile
-from zerver.models.recipients import bulk_get_huddle_user_ids, get_huddle_user_ids
+from zerver.models.recipients import (
+    bulk_get_direct_message_group_user_ids,
+    get_direct_message_group_user_ids,
+)
 
 
 class MissedMessageTest(ZulipTestCase):
@@ -64,36 +67,46 @@ class MissedMessageTest(ZulipTestCase):
         set_presence(hamlet, "website", ago=15)
         assert_active_presence_idle_user_ids([])
 
-        # Hamlet is active now, so only Othello should be in the list for a huddle
-        # message.
+        # Hamlet is active now, so only Othello should be in the list for a group
+        # direct message.
         hamlet_notifications_data.stream_email_notify = False
         hamlet_notifications_data.dm_push_notify = False
         othello_notifications_data.dm_push_notify = True
         assert_active_presence_idle_user_ids([othello.id])
 
 
-class TestBulkGetHuddleUserIds(ZulipTestCase):
-    def test_bulk_get_huddle_user_ids(self) -> None:
+class TestBulkGetDirectMessageGroupUserIds(ZulipTestCase):
+    def test_bulk_get_direct_message_group_user_ids(self) -> None:
         hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet")
         cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
         othello = self.example_user("othello")
         iago = self.example_user("iago")
         message_ids = [
-            self.send_huddle_message(hamlet, [cordelia, othello], "test"),
-            self.send_huddle_message(cordelia, [hamlet, othello, iago], "test"),
+            self.send_group_direct_message(hamlet, [cordelia, othello], "test"),
+            self.send_group_direct_message(cordelia, [hamlet, othello, iago], "test"),
         ]
 
         messages = Message.objects.filter(id__in=message_ids).order_by("id")
-        first_huddle_recipient = messages[0].recipient
-        first_huddle_user_ids = set(get_huddle_user_ids(first_huddle_recipient))
-        second_huddle_recipient = messages[1].recipient
-        second_huddle_user_ids = set(get_huddle_user_ids(second_huddle_recipient))
-
-        huddle_user_ids = bulk_get_huddle_user_ids(
-            [first_huddle_recipient.id, second_huddle_recipient.id]
+        first_direct_message_group_recipient = messages[0].recipient
+        first_direct_message_group_user_ids = set(
+            get_direct_message_group_user_ids(first_direct_message_group_recipient)
+        )
+        second_direct_message_group_recipient = messages[1].recipient
+        second_direct_message_group_user_ids = set(
+            get_direct_message_group_user_ids(second_direct_message_group_recipient)
         )
-        self.assertEqual(huddle_user_ids[first_huddle_recipient.id], first_huddle_user_ids)
-        self.assertEqual(huddle_user_ids[second_huddle_recipient.id], second_huddle_user_ids)
 
-    def test_bulk_get_huddle_user_ids_empty_list(self) -> None:
-        self.assertEqual(bulk_get_huddle_user_ids([]), {})
+        direct_message_group_user_ids = bulk_get_direct_message_group_user_ids(
+            [first_direct_message_group_recipient.id, second_direct_message_group_recipient.id]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            direct_message_group_user_ids[first_direct_message_group_recipient.id],
+            first_direct_message_group_user_ids,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            direct_message_group_user_ids[second_direct_message_group_recipient.id],
+            second_direct_message_group_user_ids,
+        )
+
+    def test_bulk_get_direct_message_group_user_ids_empty_list(self) -> None:
+        self.assertEqual(bulk_get_direct_message_group_user_ids([]), {})
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_muted_users.py b/zerver/tests/test_muted_users.py
index 98d69d8bc8..c55192224c 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_muted_users.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_muted_users.py
@@ -231,18 +231,20 @@ class MutedUsersTests(ZulipTestCase):
 
         # Have Cordelia send messages to Hamlet and Othello.
         stream_message = self.send_stream_message(cordelia, "general", "Spam in stream")
-        huddle_message = self.send_huddle_message(cordelia, [hamlet, othello], "Spam in huddle")
+        group_direct_message = self.send_group_direct_message(
+            cordelia, [hamlet, othello], "Spam in direct message group"
+        )
         pm_to_hamlet = self.send_personal_message(cordelia, hamlet, "Spam in direct message")
         pm_to_othello = self.send_personal_message(cordelia, othello, "Spam in direct message")
 
         # These should be marked as read for Hamlet, since he has muted Cordelia.
         self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(hamlet, stream_message, True)
-        self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(hamlet, huddle_message, True)
+        self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(hamlet, group_direct_message, True)
         self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(hamlet, pm_to_hamlet, True)
 
         # These messages should be unreads for Othello, since he hasn't muted Cordelia.
         self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(othello, stream_message, False)
-        self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(othello, huddle_message, False)
+        self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(othello, group_direct_message, False)
         self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(othello, pm_to_othello, False)
 
     def test_existing_messages_from_muted_user_marked_as_read(self) -> None:
@@ -258,17 +260,19 @@ class MutedUsersTests(ZulipTestCase):
 
         # Have Cordelia send messages to Hamlet and Othello.
         stream_message = self.send_stream_message(cordelia, "general", "Spam in stream")
-        huddle_message = self.send_huddle_message(cordelia, [hamlet, othello], "Spam in huddle")
+        group_direct_message = self.send_group_direct_message(
+            cordelia, [hamlet, othello], "Spam in direct message group"
+        )
         pm_to_hamlet = self.send_personal_message(cordelia, hamlet, "Spam in direct message")
         pm_to_othello = self.send_personal_message(cordelia, othello, "Spam in direct message")
 
         # These messages are unreads for both Hamlet and Othello right now.
         self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(hamlet, stream_message, False)
-        self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(hamlet, huddle_message, False)
+        self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(hamlet, group_direct_message, False)
         self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(hamlet, pm_to_hamlet, False)
 
         self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(othello, stream_message, False)
-        self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(othello, huddle_message, False)
+        self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(othello, group_direct_message, False)
         self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(othello, pm_to_othello, False)
 
         # Hamlet mutes Cordelia.
@@ -278,12 +282,12 @@ class MutedUsersTests(ZulipTestCase):
 
         # The messages sent earlier should be marked as read for Hamlet.
         self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(hamlet, stream_message, True)
-        self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(hamlet, huddle_message, True)
+        self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(hamlet, group_direct_message, True)
         self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(hamlet, pm_to_hamlet, True)
 
         # These messages are still unreads for Othello, since he did not mute Cordelia.
         self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(othello, stream_message, False)
-        self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(othello, huddle_message, False)
+        self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(othello, group_direct_message, False)
         self.assert_usermessage_read_flag(othello, pm_to_othello, False)
 
     def test_muted_message_send_notifications_not_enqueued(self) -> None:
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_new_users.py b/zerver/tests/test_new_users.py
index feb947b023..dc857c5eac 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_new_users.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_new_users.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from zerver.lib.test_classes import ZulipTestCase
 from zerver.lib.timezone import canonicalize_timezone
 from zerver.models import Message, Recipient, Stream, UserProfile
 from zerver.models.realms import get_realm
-from zerver.models.recipients import get_huddle_user_ids
+from zerver.models.recipients import get_direct_message_group_user_ids
 from zerver.models.streams import get_stream
 from zerver.models.users import get_system_bot
 from zerver.signals import JUST_CREATED_THRESHOLD, get_device_browser, get_device_os
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ class TestNotifyNewUser(ZulipTestCase):
                 )
                 # Group DM
                 self.assertEqual(
-                    set(get_huddle_user_ids(message.recipient)),
+                    set(get_direct_message_group_user_ids(message.recipient)),
                     expected_group_direct_message_user_ids,
                 )
             self.assertIn(
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_push_notifications.py b/zerver/tests/test_push_notifications.py
index 9377b4af00..17d557f0b1 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_push_notifications.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_push_notifications.py
@@ -4005,11 +4005,11 @@ class TestGetAPNsPayload(PushNotificationTest):
         self.assertDictEqual(payload, expected)
 
     @mock.patch("zerver.lib.push_notifications.push_notifications_configured", return_value=True)
-    def test_get_message_payload_apns_huddle_message(
+    def test_get_message_payload_apns_group_direct_message(
         self, mock_push_notifications: mock.MagicMock
     ) -> None:
         user_profile = self.example_user("othello")
-        message_id = self.send_huddle_message(
+        message_id = self.send_group_direct_message(
             self.sender, [self.example_user("othello"), self.example_user("cordelia")]
         )
         message = Message.objects.get(id=message_id)
@@ -4225,7 +4225,7 @@ class TestGetAPNsPayload(PushNotificationTest):
     @override_settings(PUSH_NOTIFICATION_REDACT_CONTENT=True)
     def test_get_message_payload_apns_redacted_content(self) -> None:
         user_profile = self.example_user("othello")
-        message_id = self.send_huddle_message(
+        message_id = self.send_group_direct_message(
             self.sender, [self.example_user("othello"), self.example_user("cordelia")]
         )
         message = Message.objects.get(id=message_id)
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_reactions.py b/zerver/tests/test_reactions.py
index 472d94111f..c3be54441d 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_reactions.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_reactions.py
@@ -616,14 +616,14 @@ class ReactionEventTest(ZulipTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(event_user_ids, {iago.id, hamlet.id})
 
         # Group direct message; event should go to all participants.
-        huddle_message_id = self.send_huddle_message(
+        group_direct_message_id = self.send_group_direct_message(
             hamlet,
             [polonius, iago],
             "hello message to multiple receiver",
         )
         with self.capture_send_event_calls(expected_num_events=1) as events:
             result = self.api_post(
-                polonius, f"/api/v1/messages/{huddle_message_id}/reactions", reaction_info
+                polonius, f"/api/v1/messages/{group_direct_message_id}/reactions", reaction_info
             )
         self.assert_json_success(result)
         event = events[0]["event"]
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_read_receipts.py b/zerver/tests/test_read_receipts.py
index f3a2449146..c4790e54ee 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_read_receipts.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_read_receipts.py
@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ class TestReadReceipts(ZulipTestCase):
         self.assertTrue(hamlet.id in result.json()["user_ids"])
         self.assertTrue(sender.id not in result.json()["user_ids"])
 
-    def test_huddle_message(self) -> None:
+    def test_group_direct_message(self) -> None:
         hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet")
         sender = self.example_user("othello")
         cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
 
-        message_id = self.send_huddle_message(sender, [hamlet, cordelia])
+        message_id = self.send_group_direct_message(sender, [hamlet, cordelia])
         self.login("hamlet")
 
         result = self.client_get(f"/json/messages/{message_id}/read_receipts")
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_realm.py b/zerver/tests/test_realm.py
index d5b36e0e29..3125a10310 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_realm.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_realm.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from confirmation.models import Confirmation, create_confirmation_link
 from zerver.actions.create_realm import do_change_realm_subdomain, do_create_realm
 from zerver.actions.create_user import do_create_user
 from zerver.actions.message_send import (
-    internal_send_huddle_message,
+    internal_send_group_direct_message,
     internal_send_private_message,
     internal_send_stream_message,
 )
@@ -2220,7 +2220,7 @@ class ScrubRealmTest(ZulipTestCase):
             notification_bot, get_stream("Scotland", zulip), "test", "test"
         )
         internal_send_private_message(notification_bot, othello, "test")
-        internal_send_huddle_message(
+        internal_send_group_direct_message(
             zulip, notification_bot, "test", emails=[othello.email, iago.email]
         )
 
@@ -2228,7 +2228,7 @@ class ScrubRealmTest(ZulipTestCase):
             notification_bot, get_stream("Shakespeare", lear), "test", "test"
         )
         internal_send_private_message(notification_bot, king, "test")
-        internal_send_huddle_message(
+        internal_send_group_direct_message(
             lear, notification_bot, "test", emails=[cordelia.email, king.email]
         )
 
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_rocketchat_importer.py b/zerver/tests/test_rocketchat_importer.py
index 40e09526ab..001883c6dd 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_rocketchat_importer.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_rocketchat_importer.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from zerver.data_import.rocketchat import (
     build_reactions,
     categorize_channels_and_map_with_id,
     convert_channel_data,
-    convert_huddle_data,
+    convert_direct_message_group_data,
     convert_stream_subscription_data,
     do_convert_data,
     map_receiver_id_to_recipient_id,
@@ -227,9 +227,11 @@ class RocketChatImporter(ZulipTestCase):
         self.assertIn(direct_id, direct_id_to_direct_map)
         self.assertEqual(direct_id_to_direct_map[direct_id], rocketchat_data["room"][4])
 
-        huddle_id = rocketchat_data["room"][12]["_id"]
-        self.assertIn(huddle_id, huddle_id_to_huddle_map)
-        self.assertEqual(huddle_id_to_huddle_map[huddle_id], rocketchat_data["room"][12])
+        direct_message_group_id = rocketchat_data["room"][12]["_id"]
+        self.assertIn(direct_message_group_id, huddle_id_to_huddle_map)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            huddle_id_to_huddle_map[direct_message_group_id], rocketchat_data["room"][12]
+        )
 
         livechat_id = rocketchat_data["room"][14]["_id"]
         self.assertIn(livechat_id, livechat_id_to_livechat_map)
@@ -412,7 +414,7 @@ class RocketChatImporter(ZulipTestCase):
         self.assert_length(subscriber_handler.get_users(stream_id=zerver_stream[6]["id"]), 0)
         self.assertTrue(zerver_stream[6]["deactivated"])
 
-    def test_convert_huddle_data(self) -> None:
+    def test_convert_direct_message_group_data(self) -> None:
         fixture_dir_name = self.fixture_file_name("", "rocketchat_fixtures")
         rocketchat_data = rocketchat_data_to_dict(fixture_dir_name)
 
@@ -452,20 +454,22 @@ class RocketChatImporter(ZulipTestCase):
                 livechat_id_to_livechat_map=livechat_id_to_livechat_map,
             )
 
-        zerver_huddle = convert_huddle_data(
+        zerver_direct_message_group = convert_direct_message_group_data(
             huddle_id_to_huddle_map=huddle_id_to_huddle_map,
             huddle_id_mapper=huddle_id_mapper,
             user_id_mapper=user_id_mapper,
             subscriber_handler=subscriber_handler,
         )
 
-        self.assert_length(zerver_huddle, 1)
+        self.assert_length(zerver_direct_message_group, 1)
 
         rc_huddle_id = rocketchat_data["room"][12]["_id"]
         self.assertTrue(huddle_id_mapper.has(rc_huddle_id))
 
-        huddle_id = huddle_id_mapper.get(rc_huddle_id)
-        self.assertEqual(subscriber_handler.get_users(huddle_id=huddle_id), {3, 4, 5})
+        direct_message_group_id = huddle_id_mapper.get(rc_huddle_id)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            subscriber_handler.get_users(direct_message_group_id=direct_message_group_id), {3, 4, 5}
+        )
 
     def test_write_emoticon_data(self) -> None:
         fixture_dir_name = self.fixture_file_name("", "rocketchat_fixtures")
@@ -560,7 +564,7 @@ class RocketChatImporter(ZulipTestCase):
             realm_id=realm_id,
         )
 
-        zerver_huddle = convert_huddle_data(
+        zerver_direct_message_group = convert_direct_message_group_data(
             huddle_id_to_huddle_map=huddle_id_to_huddle_map,
             huddle_id_mapper=huddle_id_mapper,
             user_id_mapper=user_id_mapper,
@@ -572,7 +576,7 @@ class RocketChatImporter(ZulipTestCase):
         zerver_recipient = build_recipients(
             zerver_userprofile=all_users,
             zerver_stream=zerver_stream,
-            zerver_huddle=zerver_huddle,
+            zerver_direct_message_group=zerver_direct_message_group,
         )
 
         stream_id_to_recipient_id: Dict[int, int] = {}
@@ -659,7 +663,7 @@ class RocketChatImporter(ZulipTestCase):
 
         self.assertIn(rocketchat_data["message"][11], private_messages)
         self.assertIn(rocketchat_data["message"][12], private_messages)
-        self.assertIn(rocketchat_data["message"][50], private_messages)  # Huddle message
+        self.assertIn(rocketchat_data["message"][50], private_messages)  # Group direct message
 
         self.assertIn(rocketchat_data["message"][79], livechat_messages)
         self.assertIn(rocketchat_data["message"][83], livechat_messages)
@@ -1021,23 +1025,23 @@ class RocketChatImporter(ZulipTestCase):
         self.assertTrue(stream_messages[23].has_image)
         self.assertTrue(stream_messages[23].has_link)
 
-        huddle_messages = messages.filter(recipient__type=Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP).order_by(
-            "date_sent"
-        )
-        huddle_recipients = huddle_messages.values_list("recipient", flat=True)
-        self.assert_length(huddle_messages, 5)
-        self.assert_length(set(huddle_recipients), 2)
-        self.assertEqual(huddle_messages[0].sender.email, "hermionegranger@email.com")
-        self.assertEqual(huddle_messages[0].content, "Hey people!")
+        group_direct_messages = messages.filter(
+            recipient__type=Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP
+        ).order_by("date_sent")
+        direct_message_group_recipients = group_direct_messages.values_list("recipient", flat=True)
+        self.assert_length(group_direct_messages, 5)
+        self.assert_length(set(direct_message_group_recipients), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(group_direct_messages[0].sender.email, "hermionegranger@email.com")
+        self.assertEqual(group_direct_messages[0].content, "Hey people!")
 
-        self.assertEqual(huddle_messages[2].sender.email, "harrypotter@email.com")
+        self.assertEqual(group_direct_messages[2].sender.email, "harrypotter@email.com")
         self.assertRegex(
-            huddle_messages[2].content,
+            group_direct_messages[2].content,
             "This year's curriculum is out.\n\n\\[Hogwarts Curriculum.pdf\\]\\(.*\\)",
         )
-        self.assertTrue(huddle_messages[2].has_attachment)
-        self.assertFalse(huddle_messages[2].has_image)
-        self.assertTrue(huddle_messages[2].has_link)
+        self.assertTrue(group_direct_messages[2].has_attachment)
+        self.assertFalse(group_direct_messages[2].has_image)
+        self.assertTrue(group_direct_messages[2].has_link)
 
         personal_messages = messages.filter(recipient__type=Recipient.PERSONAL).order_by(
             "date_sent"
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_service_bot_system.py b/zerver/tests/test_service_bot_system.py
index 5166f335ba..bda0f93c01 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_service_bot_system.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_service_bot_system.py
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ class TestServiceBotEventTriggers(ZulipTestCase):
 
     @for_all_bot_types
     @patch_queue_publish("zerver.actions.message_send.queue_event_on_commit")
-    def test_trigger_on_huddle_message_from_user(
+    def test_trigger_on_group_direct_message_from_user(
         self, mock_queue_event_on_commit: mock.Mock
     ) -> None:
         self.second_bot_profile.bot_type = self.bot_profile.bot_type
@@ -591,15 +591,15 @@ class TestServiceBotEventTriggers(ZulipTestCase):
 
         mock_queue_event_on_commit.side_effect = check_values_passed
 
-        self.send_huddle_message(sender, recipients, "test")
+        self.send_group_direct_message(sender, recipients, "test")
         self.assertEqual(mock_queue_event_on_commit.call_count, 2)
 
     @for_all_bot_types
     @patch_queue_publish("zerver.actions.message_send.queue_event_on_commit")
-    def test_no_trigger_on_huddle_message_from_bot(
+    def test_no_trigger_on_group_direct_message_from_bot(
         self, mock_queue_event_on_commit: mock.Mock
     ) -> None:
         sender = self.second_bot_profile
         recipients = [self.user_profile, self.bot_profile]
-        self.send_huddle_message(sender, recipients)
+        self.send_group_direct_message(sender, recipients)
         self.assertFalse(mock_queue_event_on_commit.called)
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_signup.py b/zerver/tests/test_signup.py
index 592824e90c..1c59caf9eb 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_signup.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_signup.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ from zerver.models import (
     UserProfile,
 )
 from zerver.models.realms import get_realm
-from zerver.models.recipients import get_huddle_user_ids
+from zerver.models.recipients import get_direct_message_group_user_ids
 from zerver.models.streams import get_stream
 from zerver.models.users import get_system_bot, get_user, get_user_by_delivery_email
 from zerver.views.auth import redirect_and_log_into_subdomain, start_two_factor_auth
@@ -2899,7 +2899,7 @@ class UserSignUpTest(ZulipTestCase):
                 last_message.content,
             )
             self.assertEqual(
-                set(get_huddle_user_ids(last_message.recipient)),
+                set(get_direct_message_group_user_ids(last_message.recipient)),
                 expected_group_direct_message_user_ids,
             )
 
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_slack_importer.py b/zerver/tests/test_slack_importer.py
index 4511feccc5..9712ec8d3f 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_slack_importer.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_slack_importer.py
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ class SlackImporter(ZulipTestCase):
             [  # Private channels ("groups")
                 {"name": "private", "members": ["U061A1R2R", "U11111111"]},
             ],
-            [  # Huddles ("mpims")
+            [  # Direct message groups ("mpims")
                 {
                     "name": "mpdm-foo--bar--baz-1",
                     "members": ["U061A1R2R", "U061A5N1G", "U22222222"],
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_soft_deactivation.py b/zerver/tests/test_soft_deactivation.py
index f86c1636e8..8206bc668d 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_soft_deactivation.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_soft_deactivation.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class UserSoftDeactivationTests(ZulipTestCase):
 
         # We are sending this message to ensure that users have at least
         # one UserMessage row.
-        self.send_huddle_message(users[0], users)
+        self.send_group_direct_message(users[0], users)
 
         with self.assertLogs(logger_string, level="INFO") as m:
             do_soft_deactivate_users(users)
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class UserSoftDeactivationTests(ZulipTestCase):
             self.example_user("iago"),
             self.example_user("cordelia"),
         ]
-        self.send_huddle_message(users[0], users)
+        self.send_group_direct_message(users[0], users)
 
         with self.assertLogs(logger_string, level="INFO") as m:
             do_soft_deactivate_users(users)
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_tutorial.py b/zerver/tests/test_tutorial.py
index fbb1c2c0ad..95a627949a 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_tutorial.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_tutorial.py
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class TutorialTests(ZulipTestCase):
         bot = get_system_bot(settings.WELCOME_BOT, user1.realm_id)
         content = "whatever"
         self.login_user(user1)
-        self.send_huddle_message(user1, [bot, user2], content)
+        self.send_group_direct_message(user1, [bot, user2], content)
         user1_messages = message_stream_count(user1)
         self.assertEqual(most_recent_message(user1).content, content)
         # Welcome bot should still respond to initial direct message
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_typing.py b/zerver/tests/test_typing.py
index 5c78f5b16a..4be05abdef 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_typing.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_typing.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import orjson
 
 from zerver.lib.test_classes import ZulipTestCase
 from zerver.models import Huddle
-from zerver.models.recipients import get_huddle_hash
+from zerver.models.recipients import get_direct_message_group_hash
 
 
 class TypingValidateOperatorTest(ZulipTestCase):
@@ -202,8 +202,8 @@ class TypingHappyPathTestDirectMessages(ZulipTestCase):
         expected_recipient_emails = {user.email for user in expected_recipients}
         expected_recipient_ids = {user.id for user in expected_recipients}
 
-        huddle_hash = get_huddle_hash(list(expected_recipient_ids))
-        self.assertFalse(Huddle.objects.filter(huddle_hash=huddle_hash).exists())
+        direct_message_group_hash = get_direct_message_group_hash(list(expected_recipient_ids))
+        self.assertFalse(Huddle.objects.filter(huddle_hash=direct_message_group_hash).exists())
 
         params = dict(
             to=orjson.dumps([user.id for user in recipient_users]).decode(),
@@ -216,10 +216,10 @@ class TypingHappyPathTestDirectMessages(ZulipTestCase):
         self.assert_json_success(result)
         self.assert_length(events, 1)
 
-        # We should not be adding new Huddles just because
-        # a user started typing in the compose box.  Let's
-        # wait till they send an actual message.
-        self.assertFalse(Huddle.objects.filter(huddle_hash=huddle_hash).exists())
+        # We should not be adding new Direct Message groups
+        # just because a user started typing in the compose
+        # box.  Let's wait till they send an actual message.
+        self.assertFalse(Huddle.objects.filter(huddle_hash=direct_message_group_hash).exists())
 
         event = events[0]["event"]
         event_recipient_emails = {user["email"] for user in event["recipients"]}
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_users.py b/zerver/tests/test_users.py
index 75bf35ded0..045340863a 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_users.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_users.py
@@ -2782,19 +2782,19 @@ class DeleteUserTest(ZulipTestCase):
         self.assertGreater(len(personal_message_ids_to_hamlet), 0)
         self.assertTrue(Message.objects.filter(realm_id=realm.id, sender=hamlet).exists())
 
-        huddle_message_ids_from_cordelia = [
-            self.send_huddle_message(cordelia, [hamlet, othello]) for i in range(3)
+        group_direct_message_ids_from_cordelia = [
+            self.send_group_direct_message(cordelia, [hamlet, othello]) for i in range(3)
         ]
-        huddle_message_ids_from_hamlet = [
-            self.send_huddle_message(hamlet, [cordelia, othello]) for i in range(3)
+        group_direct_message_ids_from_hamlet = [
+            self.send_group_direct_message(hamlet, [cordelia, othello]) for i in range(3)
         ]
 
-        huddle_with_hamlet_recipient_ids = list(
+        direct_message_group_with_hamlet_recipient_ids = list(
             Subscription.objects.filter(
                 user_profile=hamlet, recipient__type=Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP
             ).values_list("recipient_id", flat=True)
         )
-        self.assertGreater(len(huddle_with_hamlet_recipient_ids), 0)
+        self.assertGreater(len(direct_message_group_with_hamlet_recipient_ids), 0)
 
         do_delete_user(hamlet, acting_user=None)
 
@@ -2808,18 +2808,22 @@ class DeleteUserTest(ZulipTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(replacement_dummy_user.date_joined, hamlet_date_joined)
 
         self.assertEqual(Message.objects.filter(id__in=personal_message_ids_to_hamlet).count(), 0)
-        # Huddle messages from hamlet should have been deleted, but messages of other participants should
-        # be kept.
-        self.assertEqual(Message.objects.filter(id__in=huddle_message_ids_from_hamlet).count(), 0)
-        self.assertEqual(Message.objects.filter(id__in=huddle_message_ids_from_cordelia).count(), 3)
+        # Group direct messages from hamlet should have been deleted, but messages of other
+        # participants should be kept.
+        self.assertEqual(
+            Message.objects.filter(id__in=group_direct_message_ids_from_hamlet).count(), 0
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            Message.objects.filter(id__in=group_direct_message_ids_from_cordelia).count(), 3
+        )
 
         self.assertEqual(
             Message.objects.filter(realm_id=realm.id, sender_id=hamlet_user_id).count(), 0
         )
 
-        # Verify that the dummy user is subscribed to the deleted user's huddles, to keep huddle data
-        # in a correct state.
-        for recipient_id in huddle_with_hamlet_recipient_ids:
+        # Verify that the dummy user is subscribed to the deleted user's direct message groups,
+        #  to keep direct message group's data in a correct state.
+        for recipient_id in direct_message_group_with_hamlet_recipient_ids:
             self.assertTrue(
                 Subscription.objects.filter(
                     user_profile=replacement_dummy_user, recipient_id=recipient_id
@@ -2849,19 +2853,19 @@ class DeleteUserTest(ZulipTestCase):
         self.assertGreater(len(personal_message_ids_to_hamlet), 0)
         self.assertTrue(Message.objects.filter(realm_id=realm.id, sender=hamlet).exists())
 
-        huddle_message_ids_from_cordelia = [
-            self.send_huddle_message(cordelia, [hamlet, othello]) for i in range(3)
+        group_direct_message_ids_from_cordelia = [
+            self.send_group_direct_message(cordelia, [hamlet, othello]) for i in range(3)
         ]
-        huddle_message_ids_from_hamlet = [
-            self.send_huddle_message(hamlet, [cordelia, othello]) for i in range(3)
+        group_direct_message_ids_from_hamlet = [
+            self.send_group_direct_message(hamlet, [cordelia, othello]) for i in range(3)
         ]
 
-        huddle_with_hamlet_recipient_ids = list(
+        direct_message_group_with_hamlet_recipient_ids = list(
             Subscription.objects.filter(
                 user_profile=hamlet, recipient__type=Recipient.DIRECT_MESSAGE_GROUP
             ).values_list("recipient_id", flat=True)
         )
-        self.assertGreater(len(huddle_with_hamlet_recipient_ids), 0)
+        self.assertGreater(len(direct_message_group_with_hamlet_recipient_ids), 0)
 
         original_messages_from_hamlet_count = Message.objects.filter(
             realm_id=realm.id, sender_id=hamlet_user_id
@@ -2885,12 +2889,12 @@ class DeleteUserTest(ZulipTestCase):
             len(personal_message_ids_to_hamlet),
         )
         self.assertEqual(
-            Message.objects.filter(id__in=huddle_message_ids_from_hamlet).count(),
-            len(huddle_message_ids_from_hamlet),
+            Message.objects.filter(id__in=group_direct_message_ids_from_hamlet).count(),
+            len(group_direct_message_ids_from_hamlet),
         )
         self.assertEqual(
-            Message.objects.filter(id__in=huddle_message_ids_from_cordelia).count(),
-            len(huddle_message_ids_from_cordelia),
+            Message.objects.filter(id__in=group_direct_message_ids_from_cordelia).count(),
+            len(group_direct_message_ids_from_cordelia),
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -2898,9 +2902,9 @@ class DeleteUserTest(ZulipTestCase):
             original_messages_from_hamlet_count,
         )
 
-        # Verify that the dummy user is subscribed to the deleted user's huddles, to keep huddle data
-        # in a correct state.
-        for recipient_id in huddle_with_hamlet_recipient_ids:
+        # Verify that the dummy user is subscribed to the deleted user's direct message groups,
+        # to keep direct message group's data in a correct state.
+        for recipient_id in direct_message_group_with_hamlet_recipient_ids:
             self.assertTrue(
                 Subscription.objects.filter(
                     user_profile=replacement_dummy_user, recipient_id=recipient_id
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_zulip_update_announcements.py b/zerver/tests/test_zulip_update_announcements.py
index c9d5cb2743..52d70310a6 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_zulip_update_announcements.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_zulip_update_announcements.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from zerver.lib.zulip_update_announcements import (
 )
 from zerver.models.messages import Message
 from zerver.models.realms import get_realm
-from zerver.models.recipients import Recipient, get_huddle_user_ids
+from zerver.models.recipients import Recipient, get_direct_message_group_user_ids
 from zerver.models.streams import get_stream
 from zerver.models.users import get_system_bot
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class ZulipUpdateAnnouncementsTest(ZulipTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(group_direct_message.sender, notification_bot)
             self.assertEqual(group_direct_message.date_sent, now)
             self.assertEqual(
-                set(get_huddle_user_ids(group_direct_message.recipient)),
+                set(get_direct_message_group_user_ids(group_direct_message.recipient)),
                 expected_group_direct_message_user_ids,
             )
             self.assertEqual(realm.zulip_update_announcements_level, 0)
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ class ZulipUpdateAnnouncementsTest(ZulipTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(group_direct_message.sender, notification_bot)
         self.assertEqual(group_direct_message.date_sent, now)
         self.assertEqual(
-            set(get_huddle_user_ids(group_direct_message.recipient)),
+            set(get_direct_message_group_user_ids(group_direct_message.recipient)),
             expected_group_direct_message_user_ids,
         )
         self.assertEqual(realm.zulip_update_announcements_level, 0)
diff --git a/zilencer/management/commands/populate_db.py b/zilencer/management/commands/populate_db.py
index 8b6f6ee40f..60b98e9efd 100644
--- a/zilencer/management/commands/populate_db.py
+++ b/zilencer/management/commands/populate_db.py
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ from zerver.models import (
 from zerver.models.alert_words import flush_alert_word
 from zerver.models.clients import get_client
 from zerver.models.realms import WildcardMentionPolicyEnum, get_realm
-from zerver.models.recipients import get_or_create_huddle
+from zerver.models.recipients import get_or_create_direct_message_group
 from zerver.models.streams import get_stream
 from zerver.models.users import get_user, get_user_by_delivery_email, get_user_profile_by_id
 from zilencer.models import RemoteRealm, RemoteZulipServer, RemoteZulipServerAuditLog
@@ -929,7 +929,9 @@ class Command(ZulipBaseCommand):
 
         # Create several initial huddles
         for i in range(options["num_huddles"]):
-            get_or_create_huddle(random.sample(user_profiles_ids, random.randint(3, 4)))
+            get_or_create_direct_message_group(
+                random.sample(user_profiles_ids, random.randint(3, 4))
+            )
 
         # Create several initial pairs for personals
         personals_pairs = [