digest: Rewrite target-user algorithm as one query.

There is no reason to do this set manipulation in Python.

zerver/lib/digest.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from typing import Any, Collection, Dict, List, Set, Tuple
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.db import transaction
+from django.db.models import Exists, OuterRef
 from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
 from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
 
@@ -105,46 +106,42 @@ def enqueue_emails(cutoff: datetime.datetime) -> None:
 def _enqueue_emails_for_realm(realm: Realm, cutoff: datetime.datetime) -> None:
     # This should only be called directly by tests.  Use enqueue_emails
     # to process all realms that are set up for processing on any given day.
-    realm_user_ids = set(
+    twelve_hours_ago = timezone_now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=12)
+
+    target_users = (
         UserProfile.objects.filter(
             realm=realm,
             is_active=True,
             is_bot=False,
             enable_digest_emails=True,
-        ).values_list("id", flat=True)
-    )
-
-    twelve_hours_ago = timezone_now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=12)
-
-    recent_user_ids = set(
-        RealmAuditLog.objects.filter(
-            realm_id=realm.id,
-            event_type=RealmAuditLog.USER_DIGEST_EMAIL_CREATED,
-            event_time__gt=twelve_hours_ago,
         )
-        .values_list("modified_user_id", flat=True)
-        .distinct()
-    )
-
-    realm_user_ids -= recent_user_ids
-
-    active_user_ids = set(
-        UserActivityInterval.objects.filter(
-            user_profile_id__in=realm_user_ids,
-            end__gt=cutoff,
+        .alias(
+            recent_activity=Exists(
+                UserActivityInterval.objects.filter(user_profile_id=OuterRef("id"), end__gt=cutoff)
+            )
         )
-        .values_list("user_profile_id", flat=True)
-        .distinct()
+        .filter(recent_activity=False)
+        .alias(
+            sent_recent_digest=Exists(
+                RealmAuditLog.objects.filter(
+                    realm_id=realm.id,
+                    event_type=RealmAuditLog.USER_DIGEST_EMAIL_CREATED,
+                    event_time__gt=twelve_hours_ago,
+                    modified_user_id=OuterRef("id"),
+                )
+            )
+        )
+        .filter(sent_recent_digest=False)
     )
 
-    user_ids = sorted(realm_user_ids - active_user_ids)
+    user_ids = target_users.order_by("id").values_list("id", flat=True)
 
     # We process batches of 30.  We want a big enough batch
     # to amortize work, but not so big that a single item
     # from the queue takes too long to process.
     chunk_size = 30
     for i in range(0, len(user_ids), chunk_size):
-        chunk_user_ids = user_ids[i : i + chunk_size]
+        chunk_user_ids = list(user_ids[i : i + chunk_size])
         queue_digest_user_ids(chunk_user_ids, cutoff)
         logger.info(
             "Queuing user_ids for potential digest: %s",