diff --git a/zerver/migrations/0001_initial.py b/zerver/migrations/0001_initial.py
index 50f0fb4a17..45e99d5557 100644
--- a/zerver/migrations/0001_initial.py
+++ b/zerver/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
-# Generated by Django 1.11.2 on 2017-06-22 10:22
+# Generated by Django 5.0.7 on 2024-08-13 21:48
+
 import bitfield.models
 import django.contrib.auth.models
+import django.contrib.postgres.indexes
+import django.contrib.postgres.search
 import django.core.validators
 import django.db.models.deletion
+import django.db.models.functions.text
 import django.utils.timezone
 from django.conf import settings
-from django.contrib.postgres.indexes import GinIndex
-from django.contrib.postgres.search import SearchVectorField
 from django.db import migrations, models
-from django.db.models.functions import Upper
 
 from zerver.models.streams import generate_email_token_for_stream
 
@@ -52,21 +53,8 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
   BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OF subject, rendered_content ON zerver_message
   FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE append_to_fts_update_log();
 """
+
     operations = [
-        migrations.CreateModel(
-            name="PreregistrationUser",
-            fields=[
-                (
-                    "id",
-                    models.AutoField(
-                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
-                    ),
-                ),
-                ("email", models.EmailField(max_length=75)),
-                ("invited_at", models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)),
-                ("status", models.IntegerField(default=0)),
-            ],
-        ),
         migrations.CreateModel(
             name="Recipient",
             fields=[
@@ -79,6 +67,9 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                 ("type_id", models.IntegerField(db_index=True)),
                 ("type", models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(db_index=True)),
             ],
+            options={
+                "unique_together": {("type", "type_id")},
+            },
         ),
         migrations.CreateModel(
             name="Huddle",
@@ -111,9 +102,16 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                 ("name_changes_disabled", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
                 ("date_created", models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now)),
                 ("deactivated", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
+                ("create_stream_by_admins_only", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
+                ("allow_message_editing", models.BooleanField(default=True)),
+                ("message_content_edit_limit_seconds", models.IntegerField(default=600)),
+                ("default_language", models.CharField(default="en", max_length=50)),
             ],
             options={
-                "permissions": (("administer", "Administer a realm"),),
+                "permissions": (
+                    ("administer", "Administer a realm"),
+                    ("api_super_user", "Can send messages as other users for mirroring"),
+                ),
             },
         ),
         migrations.CreateModel(
@@ -129,45 +127,7 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                 (
                     "realm",
                     models.ForeignKey(
-                        null=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Realm"
-                    ),
-                ),
-            ],
-        ),
-        migrations.CreateModel(
-            name="RealmEmoji",
-            fields=[
-                (
-                    "id",
-                    models.AutoField(
-                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
-                    ),
-                ),
-                ("name", models.TextField()),
-                ("img_url", models.TextField()),
-                (
-                    "realm",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Realm"
-                    ),
-                ),
-            ],
-        ),
-        migrations.CreateModel(
-            name="RealmFilter",
-            fields=[
-                (
-                    "id",
-                    models.AutoField(
-                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
-                    ),
-                ),
-                ("pattern", models.TextField()),
-                ("url_format_string", models.TextField()),
-                (
-                    "realm",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Realm"
+                        null=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.realm"
                     ),
                 ),
             ],
@@ -212,9 +172,7 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                 ("password", models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="password")),
                 (
                     "last_login",
-                    models.DateTimeField(
-                        default=django.utils.timezone.now, verbose_name="last login"
-                    ),
+                    models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name="last login"),
                 ),
                 (
                     "is_superuser",
@@ -224,10 +182,10 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                         verbose_name="superuser status",
                     ),
                 ),
-                ("email", models.EmailField(db_index=True, max_length=75, unique=True)),
+                ("email", models.EmailField(db_index=True, max_length=254, unique=True)),
                 ("is_staff", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
-                ("is_active", models.BooleanField(default=True)),
-                ("is_bot", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
+                ("is_active", models.BooleanField(db_index=True, default=True)),
+                ("is_bot", models.BooleanField(db_index=True, default=False)),
                 ("date_joined", models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now)),
                 ("is_mirror_dummy", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
                 ("full_name", models.CharField(max_length=100)),
@@ -235,8 +193,8 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                 ("pointer", models.IntegerField()),
                 ("last_pointer_updater", models.CharField(max_length=64)),
                 ("api_key", models.CharField(max_length=32)),
-                ("enable_stream_desktop_notifications", models.BooleanField(default=True)),
-                ("enable_stream_sounds", models.BooleanField(default=True)),
+                ("enable_stream_desktop_notifications", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
+                ("enable_stream_sounds", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
                 ("enable_desktop_notifications", models.BooleanField(default=True)),
                 ("enable_sounds", models.BooleanField(default=True)),
                 ("enable_offline_email_notifications", models.BooleanField(default=True)),
@@ -249,7 +207,7 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                 ),
                 ("rate_limits", models.CharField(default="", max_length=100)),
                 ("default_all_public_streams", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
-                ("enter_sends", models.BooleanField(null=True, default=True)),
+                ("enter_sends", models.BooleanField(default=True, null=True)),
                 ("autoscroll_forever", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
                 ("twenty_four_hour_time", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
                 (
@@ -285,22 +243,45 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                         to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL,
                     ),
                 ),
+                (
+                    "groups",
+                    models.ManyToManyField(
+                        blank=True,
+                        help_text="The groups this user belongs to. A user will get all permissions granted to each of their groups.",
+                        related_name="user_set",
+                        related_query_name="user",
+                        to="auth.group",
+                        verbose_name="groups",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "realm",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.realm"
+                    ),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "user_permissions",
+                    models.ManyToManyField(
+                        blank=True,
+                        help_text="Specific permissions for this user.",
+                        related_name="user_set",
+                        related_query_name="user",
+                        to="auth.permission",
+                        verbose_name="user permissions",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("left_side_userlist", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
+                ("is_api_super_user", models.BooleanField(db_index=True, default=False)),
+                ("is_realm_admin", models.BooleanField(db_index=True, default=False)),
+                ("bot_type", models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(db_index=True, null=True)),
+                ("default_language", models.CharField(default="en", max_length=50)),
+                ("tos_version", models.CharField(max_length=10, null=True)),
             ],
             options={
                 "abstract": False,
             },
         ),
-        migrations.CreateModel(
-            name="DefaultStream",
-            fields=[
-                (
-                    "id",
-                    models.AutoField(
-                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
-                    ),
-                ),
-            ],
-        ),
         migrations.CreateModel(
             name="Message",
             fields=[
@@ -320,130 +301,25 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                 ("has_attachment", models.BooleanField(db_index=True, default=False)),
                 ("has_image", models.BooleanField(db_index=True, default=False)),
                 ("has_link", models.BooleanField(db_index=True, default=False)),
-            ],
-        ),
-        migrations.CreateModel(
-            name="PushDeviceToken",
-            fields=[
-                (
-                    "id",
-                    models.AutoField(
-                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
-                    ),
-                ),
-                ("kind", models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(choices=[(1, "apns"), (2, "gcm")])),
-                ("token", models.CharField(max_length=4096, unique=True)),
-                (
-                    "last_updated",
-                    models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, default=django.utils.timezone.now),
-                ),
-                ("ios_app_id", models.TextField(null=True)),
-                (
-                    "user",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
-                    ),
-                ),
-            ],
-        ),
-        migrations.CreateModel(
-            name="Referral",
-            fields=[
-                (
-                    "id",
-                    models.AutoField(
-                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
-                    ),
-                ),
-                ("email", models.EmailField(max_length=75)),
-                ("timestamp", models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)),
-                (
-                    "user_profile",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
-                    ),
-                ),
-            ],
-        ),
-        migrations.CreateModel(
-            name="Stream",
-            fields=[
-                (
-                    "id",
-                    models.AutoField(
-                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
-                    ),
-                ),
-                ("name", models.CharField(db_index=True, max_length=60)),
-                ("invite_only", models.BooleanField(null=True, default=False)),
-                (
-                    "email_token",
-                    models.CharField(default=generate_email_token_for_stream, max_length=32),
-                ),
-                ("description", models.CharField(default="", max_length=1024)),
-                ("date_created", models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now)),
-                ("deactivated", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
-                (
-                    "realm",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Realm"
-                    ),
-                ),
-            ],
-        ),
-        migrations.CreateModel(
-            name="Subscription",
-            fields=[
-                (
-                    "id",
-                    models.AutoField(
-                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
-                    ),
-                ),
-                ("active", models.BooleanField(default=True)),
-                ("in_home_view", models.BooleanField(null=True, default=True)),
-                ("color", models.CharField(default="#c2c2c2", max_length=10)),
-                ("desktop_notifications", models.BooleanField(default=True)),
-                ("audible_notifications", models.BooleanField(default=True)),
-                ("notifications", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
                 (
                     "recipient",
                     models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Recipient"
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.recipient"
                     ),
                 ),
                 (
-                    "user_profile",
+                    "sender",
                     models.ForeignKey(
                         on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
                     ),
                 ),
-            ],
-        ),
-        migrations.CreateModel(
-            name="UserActivity",
-            fields=[
                 (
-                    "id",
-                    models.AutoField(
-                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
-                    ),
-                ),
-                ("query", models.CharField(db_index=True, max_length=50)),
-                ("count", models.IntegerField()),
-                ("last_visit", models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="last visit")),
-                (
-                    "client",
+                    "sending_client",
                     models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Client"
-                    ),
-                ),
-                (
-                    "user_profile",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.client"
                     ),
                 ),
+                ("search_tsvector", django.contrib.postgres.search.SearchVectorField(null=True)),
             ],
         ),
         migrations.CreateModel(
@@ -465,6 +341,34 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                 ),
             ],
         ),
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name="UserPresence",
+            fields=[
+                (
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("timestamp", models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="presence changed")),
+                ("status", models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(default=1)),
+                (
+                    "client",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.client"
+                    ),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "user_profile",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
+                    ),
+                ),
+            ],
+            options={
+                "unique_together": {("user_profile", "client")},
+            },
+        ),
         migrations.CreateModel(
             name="UserMessage",
             fields=[
@@ -497,7 +401,7 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                 (
                     "message",
                     models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Message"
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.message"
                     ),
                 ),
                 (
@@ -507,9 +411,158 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                     ),
                 ),
             ],
+            options={
+                "unique_together": {("user_profile", "message")},
+            },
+        ),
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name="UserActivity",
+            fields=[
+                (
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("query", models.CharField(db_index=True, max_length=50)),
+                ("count", models.IntegerField()),
+                ("last_visit", models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="last visit")),
+                (
+                    "client",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.client"
+                    ),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "user_profile",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
+                    ),
+                ),
+            ],
+            options={
+                "unique_together": {("user_profile", "client", "query")},
+            },
+        ),
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name="Stream",
+            fields=[
+                (
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("name", models.CharField(db_index=True, max_length=60)),
+                ("invite_only", models.BooleanField(default=False, null=True)),
+                (
+                    "email_token",
+                    models.CharField(default=generate_email_token_for_stream, max_length=32),
+                ),
+                ("description", models.CharField(default="", max_length=1024)),
+                ("date_created", models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now)),
+                ("deactivated", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
+                (
+                    "realm",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.realm"
+                    ),
+                ),
+            ],
+            options={
+                "unique_together": {("name", "realm")},
+            },
+        ),
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name="RealmFilter",
+            fields=[
+                (
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("pattern", models.TextField()),
+                ("url_format_string", models.TextField()),
+                (
+                    "realm",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.realm"
+                    ),
+                ),
+            ],
+            options={
+                "unique_together": {("realm", "pattern")},
+            },
+        ),
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name="DefaultStream",
+            fields=[
+                (
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
+                    ),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "realm",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.realm"
+                    ),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "stream",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.stream"
+                    ),
+                ),
+            ],
+            options={
+                "unique_together": {("realm", "stream")},
+            },
+        ),
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name="PushDeviceToken",
+            fields=[
+                (
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("kind", models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(choices=[(1, "apns"), (2, "gcm")])),
+                ("token", models.CharField(max_length=4096, unique=True)),
+                ("last_updated", models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)),
+                ("ios_app_id", models.TextField(null=True)),
+                (
+                    "user",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
+                    ),
+                ),
+            ],
+        ),
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name="Referral",
+            fields=[
+                (
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("email", models.EmailField(max_length=254)),
+                ("timestamp", models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)),
+                (
+                    "user_profile",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
+                    ),
+                ),
+            ],
         ),
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name="UserPresence",
+            name="RealmEmoji",
             fields=[
                 (
                     "id",
@@ -517,227 +570,58 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                         auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
                     ),
                 ),
-                ("timestamp", models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="presence changed")),
-                ("status", models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(default=1)),
                 (
-                    "client",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Client"
+                    "name",
+                    models.TextField(
+                        validators=[
+                            django.core.validators.MinLengthValidator(1),
+                            django.core.validators.RegexValidator(
+                                message="Invalid characters in emoji name",
+                                regex="^[0-9a-zA-Z.\\-_]+(?<![.\\-_])$",
+                            ),
+                        ]
                     ),
                 ),
+                ("img_url", models.URLField(max_length=1000)),
                 (
-                    "user_profile",
+                    "realm",
                     models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.realm"
                     ),
                 ),
             ],
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="userpresence",
-            unique_together={("user_profile", "client")},
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="usermessage",
-            unique_together={("user_profile", "message")},
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="useractivity",
-            unique_together={("user_profile", "client", "query")},
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="subscription",
-            unique_together={("user_profile", "recipient")},
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="stream",
-            unique_together={("name", "realm")},
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="recipient",
-            unique_together={("type", "type_id")},
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="realmfilter",
-            unique_together={("realm", "pattern")},
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="realmemoji",
-            unique_together={("realm", "name")},
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="preregistrationuser",
-            name="realm",
-            field=models.ForeignKey(
-                null=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Realm"
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="preregistrationuser",
-            name="referred_by",
-            field=models.ForeignKey(
-                null=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="message",
-            name="recipient",
-            field=models.ForeignKey(
-                on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Recipient"
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="message",
-            name="sender",
-            field=models.ForeignKey(
-                on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="message",
-            name="sending_client",
-            field=models.ForeignKey(
-                on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Client"
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="defaultstream",
-            name="realm",
-            field=models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Realm"),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="defaultstream",
-            name="stream",
-            field=models.ForeignKey(
-                on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Stream"
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="defaultstream",
-            unique_together={("realm", "stream")},
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="userprofile",
-            name="groups",
-            field=models.ManyToManyField(
-                blank=True,
-                help_text="The groups this user belongs to. A user will get all permissions granted to each of their groups.",
-                related_name="user_set",
-                related_query_name="user",
-                to="auth.Group",
-                verbose_name="groups",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="userprofile",
-            name="realm",
-            field=models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Realm"),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="userprofile",
-            name="user_permissions",
-            field=models.ManyToManyField(
-                blank=True,
-                help_text="Specific permissions for this user.",
-                related_name="user_set",
-                related_query_name="user",
-                to="auth.Permission",
-                verbose_name="user permissions",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="message",
-            name="search_tsvector",
-            field=SearchVectorField(null=True),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="preregistrationuser",
-            name="email",
-            field=models.EmailField(max_length=254),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="pushdevicetoken",
-            name="last_updated",
-            field=models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="referral",
-            name="email",
-            field=models.EmailField(max_length=254),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="userprofile",
-            name="email",
-            field=models.EmailField(db_index=True, max_length=254, unique=True),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="userprofile",
-            name="last_login",
-            field=models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name="last login"),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="userprofile",
-            name="left_side_userlist",
-            field=models.BooleanField(default=False),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterModelOptions(
-            name="realm",
             options={
-                "permissions": (
-                    ("administer", "Administer a realm"),
-                    ("api_super_user", "Can send messages as other users for mirroring"),
-                )
+                "unique_together": {("realm", "name")},
             },
         ),
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="userprofile",
-            name="is_active",
-            field=models.BooleanField(db_index=True, default=True),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="userprofile",
-            name="is_bot",
-            field=models.BooleanField(db_index=True, default=False),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="userprofile",
-            name="enable_stream_desktop_notifications",
-            field=models.BooleanField(default=False),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="userprofile",
-            name="enable_stream_sounds",
-            field=models.BooleanField(default=False),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="userprofile",
-            name="is_api_super_user",
-            field=models.BooleanField(db_index=True, default=False),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="userprofile",
-            name="is_realm_admin",
-            field=models.BooleanField(db_index=True, default=False),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="realmemoji",
-            name="img_url",
-            field=models.URLField(),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="realmemoji",
-            name="name",
-            field=models.TextField(
-                validators=[
-                    django.core.validators.MinLengthValidator(1),
-                    django.core.validators.RegexValidator(regex="^[0-9a-zA-Z.\\-_]+(?<![.\\-_])$"),
-                ]
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="realmemoji",
-            name="img_url",
-            field=models.URLField(max_length=1000),
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name="PreregistrationUser",
+            fields=[
+                (
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("email", models.EmailField(max_length=254)),
+                ("invited_at", models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)),
+                ("status", models.IntegerField(default=0)),
+                (
+                    "realm",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        null=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.realm"
+                    ),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "referred_by",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        null=True,
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
+                        to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL,
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("realm_creation", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
+            ],
         ),
         migrations.CreateModel(
             name="Attachment",
@@ -754,7 +638,7 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                     "create_time",
                     models.DateTimeField(db_index=True, default=django.utils.timezone.now),
                 ),
-                ("messages", models.ManyToManyField(to="zerver.Message")),
+                ("messages", models.ManyToManyField(to="zerver.message")),
                 (
                     "owner",
                     models.ForeignKey(
@@ -762,83 +646,95 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                     ),
                 ),
                 ("is_realm_public", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
+                (
+                    "realm",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        blank=True,
+                        null=True,
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
+                        to="zerver.realm",
+                    ),
+                ),
+            ],
+        ),
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name="Subscription",
+            fields=[
+                (
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("active", models.BooleanField(default=True)),
+                ("in_home_view", models.BooleanField(default=True, null=True)),
+                ("color", models.CharField(default="#c2c2c2", max_length=10)),
+                ("desktop_notifications", models.BooleanField(default=True)),
+                ("audible_notifications", models.BooleanField(default=True)),
+                ("notifications", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
+                (
+                    "recipient",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.recipient"
+                    ),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "user_profile",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("pin_to_top", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
+            ],
+            options={
+                "unique_together": {("user_profile", "recipient")},
+            },
+        ),
+        # These indexes seem to not squash properly.
+        migrations.AddIndex(
+            model_name="userprofile",
+            index=models.Index(
+                django.db.models.functions.text.Upper("email"), name="upper_userprofile_email_idx"
+            ),
+        ),
+        migrations.AddIndex(
+            model_name="preregistrationuser",
+            index=models.Index(
+                django.db.models.functions.text.Upper("email"),
+                name="upper_preregistration_email_idx",
+            ),
+        ),
+        migrations.AddIndex(
+            model_name="message",
+            index=django.contrib.postgres.indexes.GinIndex(
+                models.F("search_tsvector"), fastupdate=False, name="zerver_message_search_tsvector"
+            ),
+        ),
+        migrations.AddIndex(
+            model_name="message",
+            index=models.Index(
+                django.db.models.functions.text.Upper("subject"), name="upper_subject_idx"
+            ),
+        ),
+        migrations.AddIndex(
+            model_name="stream",
+            index=models.Index(
+                django.db.models.functions.text.Upper("name"), name="upper_stream_name_idx"
+            ),
+        ),
+        migrations.AlterModelManagers(
+            name="userprofile",
+            managers=[
+                ("objects", django.contrib.auth.models.UserManager()),
             ],
         ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="realm",
-            name="create_stream_by_admins_only",
-            field=models.BooleanField(default=False),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="userprofile",
-            name="bot_type",
-            field=models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(db_index=True, null=True),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="realmemoji",
-            name="name",
-            field=models.TextField(
-                validators=[
-                    django.core.validators.MinLengthValidator(1),
-                    django.core.validators.RegexValidator(
-                        message="Invalid characters in emoji name",
-                        regex="^[0-9a-zA-Z.\\-_]+(?<![.\\-_])$",
-                    ),
-                ]
-            ),
-        ),
         migrations.AddField(
             model_name="preregistrationuser",
-            name="realm_creation",
-            field=models.BooleanField(default=False),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="attachment",
-            name="realm",
-            field=models.ForeignKey(
-                blank=True,
-                null=True,
-                on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
-                to="zerver.Realm",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="subscription",
-            name="pin_to_top",
-            field=models.BooleanField(default=False),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="userprofile",
-            name="default_language",
-            field=models.CharField(default="en", max_length=50),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="realm",
-            name="allow_message_editing",
-            field=models.BooleanField(default=True),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="realm",
-            name="message_content_edit_limit_seconds",
-            field=models.IntegerField(default=600),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="realm",
-            name="default_language",
-            field=models.CharField(default="en", max_length=50),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="userprofile",
-            name="tos_version",
-            field=models.CharField(max_length=10, null=True),
+            name="streams",
+            field=models.ManyToManyField(to="zerver.stream"),
         ),
         # AddField operations that create import cycles should happen
         # after those that can be squashed.
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="preregistrationuser",
-            name="streams",
-            field=models.ManyToManyField(to="zerver.Stream"),
-        ),
         migrations.AddField(
             model_name="realm",
             name="notifications_stream",
@@ -847,7 +743,7 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                 null=True,
                 on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
                 related_name="+",
-                to="zerver.Stream",
+                to="zerver.stream",
             ),
         ),
         migrations.AddField(
@@ -857,7 +753,7 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                 null=True,
                 on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
                 related_name="+",
-                to="zerver.Stream",
+                to="zerver.stream",
             ),
         ),
         migrations.AddField(
@@ -867,38 +763,9 @@ CREATE TRIGGER zerver_message_update_search_tsvector_async
                 null=True,
                 on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
                 related_name="+",
-                to="zerver.Stream",
+                to="zerver.stream",
             ),
         ),
-        # These indexes seem to not squash properly.
-        migrations.AddIndex(
-            model_name="userprofile",
-            index=models.Index(Upper("email"), name="upper_userprofile_email_idx"),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddIndex(
-            model_name="preregistrationuser",
-            index=models.Index(Upper("email"), name="upper_preregistration_email_idx"),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddIndex(
-            model_name="message",
-            index=GinIndex(
-                "search_tsvector", fastupdate=False, name="zerver_message_search_tsvector"
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddIndex(
-            model_name="message",
-            index=models.Index(Upper("subject"), name="upper_subject_idx"),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddIndex(
-            model_name="stream",
-            index=models.Index(Upper("name"), name="upper_stream_name_idx"),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterModelManagers(
-            name="userprofile",
-            managers=[
-                ("objects", django.contrib.auth.models.UserManager()),
-            ],
-        ),
         # Set up full-text search indexes.
         migrations.RunSQL(
             sql=fts_sql,