zulip/zerver/lib/soft_deactivation.py

# Documented in https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/subsystems/sending-messages.html#soft-deactivation
import logging
from collections import defaultdict
from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
from typing import Any, TypedDict

from django.conf import settings
from django.db import transaction
from django.db.models import Exists, F, Max, OuterRef, QuerySet
from django.db.models.functions import Greatest
from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
from sentry_sdk import capture_exception

from zerver.lib.logging_util import log_to_file
from zerver.lib.queue import queue_json_publish
from zerver.lib.user_message import bulk_insert_all_ums
from zerver.lib.utils import assert_is_not_none
from zerver.models import (
    Message,
    Realm,
    RealmAuditLog,
    Recipient,
    Subscription,
    UserActivity,
    UserMessage,
    UserProfile,
)
from zerver.models.scheduled_jobs import NotificationTriggers

logger = logging.getLogger("zulip.soft_deactivation")
log_to_file(logger, settings.SOFT_DEACTIVATION_LOG_PATH)
BULK_CREATE_BATCH_SIZE = 10000


class MissingMessageDict(TypedDict):
    id: int
    recipient__type_id: int


def filter_by_subscription_history(
    user_profile: UserProfile,
    all_stream_messages: defaultdict[int, list[MissingMessageDict]],
    all_stream_subscription_logs: defaultdict[int, list[RealmAuditLog]],
) -> list[int]:
    message_ids: set[int] = set()

    for stream_id, stream_messages_raw in all_stream_messages.items():
        stream_subscription_logs = all_stream_subscription_logs[stream_id]
        # Make a copy of the original list of messages, which we will
        # mutate in the loop below.
        stream_messages = list(stream_messages_raw)

        for log_entry in stream_subscription_logs:
            # For each stream, we iterate through all of the changes
            # to the user's subscription to that stream, ordered by
            # event_last_message_id, to determine whether the user was
            # subscribed to the target stream at that time.
            #
            # For each message, we're looking for the first event for
            # the user's subscription to the target stream after the
            # message was sent.
            # * If it's an unsubscribe, we know the user was subscribed
            #   when the message was sent, and create a UserMessage
            # * If it's a subscribe, we know the user was not, and we
            #   skip the message by mutating the stream_messages list
            #   to skip that message.

            if len(stream_messages) == 0:
                # Because stream_messages gets mutated below, this
                # check belongs in this inner loop, not the outer loop.
                break

            event_last_message_id = assert_is_not_none(log_entry.event_last_message_id)

            if log_entry.event_type == RealmAuditLog.SUBSCRIPTION_DEACTIVATED:
                # If the event shows the user was unsubscribed after
                # event_last_message_id, we know they must have been
                # subscribed immediately before the event.
                for stream_message in stream_messages:
                    if stream_message["id"] <= event_last_message_id:
                        message_ids.add(stream_message["id"])
                    else:
                        break
            elif log_entry.event_type in (
                RealmAuditLog.SUBSCRIPTION_ACTIVATED,
                RealmAuditLog.SUBSCRIPTION_CREATED,
            ):
                initial_msg_count = len(stream_messages)
                for i, stream_message in enumerate(stream_messages):
                    if stream_message["id"] > event_last_message_id:
                        stream_messages = stream_messages[i:]
                        break
                final_msg_count = len(stream_messages)
                if (
                    initial_msg_count == final_msg_count
                    and stream_messages[-1]["id"] <= event_last_message_id
                ):
                    stream_messages = []
            else:
                raise AssertionError(f"{log_entry.event_type} is not a subscription event.")

        # We do this check for last event since if the last subscription
        # event was a subscription_deactivated then we don't want to create
        # UserMessage rows for any of the remaining messages.
        if len(stream_messages) > 0 and stream_subscription_logs[-1].event_type in (
            RealmAuditLog.SUBSCRIPTION_ACTIVATED,
            RealmAuditLog.SUBSCRIPTION_CREATED,
        ):
            message_ids.update(stream_message["id"] for stream_message in stream_messages)
    return sorted(message_ids)


def add_missing_messages(user_profile: UserProfile) -> None:
    """This function takes a soft-deactivated user, and computes and adds
    to the database any UserMessage rows that were not created while
    the user was soft-deactivated.  The end result is that from the
    perspective of the message database, it should be impossible to
    tell that the user was soft-deactivated at all.

    At a high level, the algorithm is as follows:

    * Find all the streams that the user was at any time a subscriber
      of when or after they were soft-deactivated (`recipient_ids`
      below).

    * Find all the messages sent to those streams since the user was
      soft-deactivated.  This will be a superset of the target
      UserMessages we need to create in two ways: (1) some UserMessage
      rows will have already been created in do_send_messages because
      the user had a nonzero set of flags (the fact that we do so in
      do_send_messages simplifies things considerably, since it means
      we don't need to inspect message content to look for things like
      mentions here), and (2) the user might not have been subscribed
      to all of the streams in recipient_ids for the entire time
      window.

    * Correct the list from the previous state by excluding those with
      existing UserMessage rows.

    * Correct the list from the previous state by excluding those
      where the user wasn't subscribed at the time, using the
      RealmAuditLog data to determine exactly when the user was
      subscribed/unsubscribed.

    * Create the UserMessage rows.

    For further documentation, see:

      https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/subsystems/sending-messages.html#soft-deactivation

    """
    assert user_profile.last_active_message_id is not None
    all_stream_subs = list(
        Subscription.objects.filter(
            user_profile=user_profile, recipient__type=Recipient.STREAM
        ).values("recipient_id", "recipient__type_id")
    )

    # For stream messages we need to check messages against data from
    # RealmAuditLog for visibility to user. So we fetch the subscription logs.
    stream_ids = [sub["recipient__type_id"] for sub in all_stream_subs]

    # We have a partial index on RealmAuditLog for these rows -- if
    # this set changes, the partial index must be updated as well, to
    # keep this query performant
    events = [
        RealmAuditLog.SUBSCRIPTION_CREATED,
        RealmAuditLog.SUBSCRIPTION_DEACTIVATED,
        RealmAuditLog.SUBSCRIPTION_ACTIVATED,
    ]

    # Important: We order first by event_last_message_id, which is the
    # official ordering, and then tiebreak by RealmAuditLog event ID.
    # That second tiebreak is important in case a user is subscribed
    # and then unsubscribed without any messages being sent in the
    # meantime.  Without that tiebreak, we could end up incorrectly
    # processing the ordering of those two subscription changes.  Note
    # that this means we cannot backfill events unless there are no
    # pre-existing events for this stream/user pair!
    subscription_logs = list(
        RealmAuditLog.objects.filter(
            modified_user=user_profile, modified_stream_id__in=stream_ids, event_type__in=events
        )
        .order_by("event_last_message_id", "id")
        .only("id", "event_type", "modified_stream_id", "event_last_message_id")
    )

    all_stream_subscription_logs: defaultdict[int, list[RealmAuditLog]] = defaultdict(list)
    for log in subscription_logs:
        all_stream_subscription_logs[assert_is_not_none(log.modified_stream_id)].append(log)

    recipient_ids = []
    for sub in all_stream_subs:
        stream_subscription_logs = all_stream_subscription_logs[sub["recipient__type_id"]]
        if stream_subscription_logs[-1].event_type == RealmAuditLog.SUBSCRIPTION_DEACTIVATED:
            assert stream_subscription_logs[-1].event_last_message_id is not None
            if (
                stream_subscription_logs[-1].event_last_message_id
                <= user_profile.last_active_message_id
            ):
                # We are going to short circuit this iteration as its no use
                # iterating since user unsubscribed before soft-deactivation
                continue
        recipient_ids.append(sub["recipient_id"])

    new_stream_msgs = (
        Message.objects.alias(
            has_user_message=Exists(
                UserMessage.objects.filter(
                    user_profile_id=user_profile,
                    message_id=OuterRef("id"),
                )
            )
        )
        .filter(
            # Uses index: zerver_message_realm_recipient_id
            has_user_message=False,
            realm_id=user_profile.realm_id,
            recipient_id__in=recipient_ids,
            id__gt=user_profile.last_active_message_id,
        )
        .order_by("id")
        .values("id", "recipient__type_id")
    )

    stream_messages: defaultdict[int, list[MissingMessageDict]] = defaultdict(list)
    for msg in new_stream_msgs:
        stream_messages[msg["recipient__type_id"]].append(
            MissingMessageDict(id=msg["id"], recipient__type_id=msg["recipient__type_id"])
        )

    # Calling this function to filter out stream messages based upon
    # subscription logs and then store all UserMessage objects for bulk insert
    # This function does not perform any SQL related task and gets all the data
    # required for its operation in its params.
    message_ids_to_insert = filter_by_subscription_history(
        user_profile, stream_messages, all_stream_subscription_logs
    )

    # Doing a bulk create for all the UserMessage objects stored for creation.
    while len(message_ids_to_insert) > 0:
        message_ids, message_ids_to_insert = (
            message_ids_to_insert[0:BULK_CREATE_BATCH_SIZE],
            message_ids_to_insert[BULK_CREATE_BATCH_SIZE:],
        )
        bulk_insert_all_ums(user_ids=[user_profile.id], message_ids=message_ids, flags=0)
        UserProfile.objects.filter(id=user_profile.id).update(
            last_active_message_id=Greatest(F("last_active_message_id"), message_ids[-1])
        )


def do_soft_deactivate_user(user_profile: UserProfile) -> None:
    try:
        user_profile.last_active_message_id = (
            UserMessage.objects.filter(user_profile=user_profile)
            .order_by("-message_id")[0]
            .message_id
        )
    except IndexError:  # nocoverage
        # In the unlikely event that a user somehow has never received
        # a message, we just use the overall max message ID.
        last_message = Message.objects.last()
        assert last_message is not None
        user_profile.last_active_message_id = last_message.id
    user_profile.long_term_idle = True
    user_profile.save(update_fields=["long_term_idle", "last_active_message_id"])
    logger.info("Soft deactivated user %s", user_profile.id)


def do_soft_deactivate_users(
    users: Sequence[UserProfile] | QuerySet[UserProfile],
) -> list[UserProfile]:
    BATCH_SIZE = 100
    users_soft_deactivated = []
    while True:
        (user_batch, users) = (users[0:BATCH_SIZE], users[BATCH_SIZE:])
        if len(user_batch) == 0:
            break
        with transaction.atomic():
            realm_logs = []
            for user in user_batch:
                do_soft_deactivate_user(user)
                event_time = timezone_now()
                log = RealmAuditLog(
                    realm=user.realm,
                    modified_user=user,
                    event_type=RealmAuditLog.USER_SOFT_DEACTIVATED,
                    event_time=event_time,
                )
                realm_logs.append(log)
                users_soft_deactivated.append(user)
            RealmAuditLog.objects.bulk_create(realm_logs)

        logger.info(
            "Soft-deactivated batch of %s users; %s remain to process", len(user_batch), len(users)
        )

    return users_soft_deactivated


def do_auto_soft_deactivate_users(inactive_for_days: int, realm: Realm | None) -> list[UserProfile]:
    filter_kwargs: dict[str, Realm] = {}
    if realm is not None:
        filter_kwargs = dict(user_profile__realm=realm)
    users_to_deactivate = get_users_for_soft_deactivation(inactive_for_days, filter_kwargs)
    users_deactivated = do_soft_deactivate_users(users_to_deactivate)

    if not settings.AUTO_CATCH_UP_SOFT_DEACTIVATED_USERS:
        logger.info("Not catching up users since AUTO_CATCH_UP_SOFT_DEACTIVATED_USERS is off")
        return users_deactivated

    if realm is not None:
        filter_kwargs = dict(realm=realm)
    users_to_catch_up = get_soft_deactivated_users_for_catch_up(filter_kwargs)
    do_catch_up_soft_deactivated_users(users_to_catch_up)
    return users_deactivated


def reactivate_user_if_soft_deactivated(user_profile: UserProfile) -> UserProfile | None:
    if user_profile.long_term_idle:
        add_missing_messages(user_profile)
        user_profile.long_term_idle = False
        user_profile.save(update_fields=["long_term_idle"])
        RealmAuditLog.objects.create(
            realm=user_profile.realm,
            modified_user=user_profile,
            event_type=RealmAuditLog.USER_SOFT_ACTIVATED,
            event_time=timezone_now(),
        )
        logger.info("Soft reactivated user %s", user_profile.id)
        return user_profile
    return None


def get_users_for_soft_deactivation(
    inactive_for_days: int, filter_kwargs: Any
) -> list[UserProfile]:
    users_activity = list(
        UserActivity.objects.filter(
            user_profile__is_active=True,
            user_profile__is_bot=False,
            user_profile__long_term_idle=False,
            **filter_kwargs,
        )
        .values("user_profile_id")
        .annotate(last_visit=Max("last_visit"))
    )
    today = timezone_now()
    user_ids_to_deactivate = [
        user_activity["user_profile_id"]
        for user_activity in users_activity
        if (today - user_activity["last_visit"]).days > inactive_for_days
    ]
    users_to_deactivate = list(UserProfile.objects.filter(id__in=user_ids_to_deactivate))
    return users_to_deactivate


def do_soft_activate_users(users: list[UserProfile]) -> list[UserProfile]:
    return [
        user_activated
        for user_profile in users
        if (user_activated := reactivate_user_if_soft_deactivated(user_profile)) is not None
    ]


def do_catch_up_soft_deactivated_users(users: Iterable[UserProfile]) -> list[UserProfile]:
    users_caught_up = []
    failures = []
    for user_profile in users:
        if user_profile.long_term_idle:
            try:
                add_missing_messages(user_profile)
                users_caught_up.append(user_profile)
            except Exception:  # nocoverage
                capture_exception()  # nocoverage
                failures.append(user_profile)  # nocoverage
    logger.info("Caught up %d soft-deactivated users", len(users_caught_up))
    if failures:
        logger.error("Failed to catch up %d soft-deactivated users", len(failures))  # nocoverage
    return users_caught_up


def get_soft_deactivated_users_for_catch_up(filter_kwargs: Any) -> QuerySet[UserProfile]:
    users_to_catch_up = UserProfile.objects.filter(
        long_term_idle=True,
        is_active=True,
        is_bot=False,
        **filter_kwargs,
    )
    return users_to_catch_up


def queue_soft_reactivation(user_profile_id: int) -> None:
    event = {
        "type": "soft_reactivate",
        "user_profile_id": user_profile_id,
    }
    queue_json_publish("deferred_work", event)


def soft_reactivate_if_personal_notification(
    user_profile: UserProfile,
    unique_triggers: set[str],
    mentioned_user_group_members_count: int | None,
) -> None:
    """When we're about to send an email/push notification to a
    long_term_idle user, it's very likely that the user will try to
    return to Zulip. As a result, it makes sense to optimistically
    soft-reactivate that user, to give them a good return experience.

    It's important that we do nothing for stream wildcard or large
    group mentions (size > 'settings.MAX_GROUP_SIZE_FOR_MENTION_REACTIVATION'),
    because soft-reactivating an entire realm or a large group would be
    very expensive. The caller is responsible for passing a
    mentioned_user_group_members_count that is None for messages that
    contain both a personal mention and a group mention.
    """
    if not user_profile.long_term_idle:
        return

    direct_message = NotificationTriggers.DIRECT_MESSAGE in unique_triggers

    personal_mention = False
    small_group_mention = False
    if NotificationTriggers.MENTION in unique_triggers:
        if mentioned_user_group_members_count is None:
            personal_mention = True
        elif mentioned_user_group_members_count <= settings.MAX_GROUP_SIZE_FOR_MENTION_REACTIVATION:
            small_group_mention = True

    topic_wildcard_mention = any(
        trigger in unique_triggers
        for trigger in [
            NotificationTriggers.TOPIC_WILDCARD_MENTION,
            NotificationTriggers.TOPIC_WILDCARD_MENTION_IN_FOLLOWED_TOPIC,
        ]
    )
    if (
        not direct_message
        and not personal_mention
        and not small_group_mention
        and not topic_wildcard_mention
    ):
        return

    queue_soft_reactivation(user_profile.id)