zulip/zerver/tests/test_import_export.py

import datetime
import json
import os
import shutil
import uuid
from collections import defaultdict
from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, FrozenSet, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
from unittest.mock import patch

import orjson
from django.conf import settings
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.db.models import Q, QuerySet
from django.test import override_settings
from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
from typing_extensions import override

from analytics.models import UserCount
from zerver.actions.alert_words import do_add_alert_words
from zerver.actions.create_user import do_create_user
from zerver.actions.custom_profile_fields import (
    do_update_user_custom_profile_data_if_changed,
    try_add_realm_custom_profile_field,
)
from zerver.actions.muted_users import do_mute_user
from zerver.actions.presence import do_update_user_presence
from zerver.actions.reactions import check_add_reaction, do_add_reaction
from zerver.actions.realm_emoji import check_add_realm_emoji
from zerver.actions.realm_icon import do_change_icon_source
from zerver.actions.realm_logo import do_change_logo_source
from zerver.actions.realm_settings import (
    do_change_realm_plan_type,
    do_set_realm_authentication_methods,
)
from zerver.actions.scheduled_messages import check_schedule_message
from zerver.actions.user_activity import do_update_user_activity, do_update_user_activity_interval
from zerver.actions.user_status import do_update_user_status
from zerver.actions.user_topics import do_set_user_topic_visibility_policy
from zerver.actions.users import do_deactivate_user
from zerver.lib import upload
from zerver.lib.avatar_hash import user_avatar_path
from zerver.lib.bot_config import set_bot_config
from zerver.lib.bot_lib import StateHandler
from zerver.lib.export import Record, do_export_realm, do_export_user, export_usermessages_batch
from zerver.lib.import_realm import do_import_realm, get_incoming_message_ids
from zerver.lib.streams import create_stream_if_needed
from zerver.lib.test_classes import ZulipTestCase
from zerver.lib.test_helpers import (
    create_s3_buckets,
    get_test_image_file,
    most_recent_message,
    most_recent_usermessage,
    read_test_image_file,
    use_s3_backend,
)
from zerver.lib.upload import claim_attachment, upload_avatar_image, upload_message_attachment
from zerver.lib.utils import assert_is_not_none
from zerver.models import (
    AlertWord,
    Attachment,
    BotConfigData,
    BotStorageData,
    CustomProfileField,
    CustomProfileFieldValue,
    GroupGroupMembership,
    Huddle,
    Message,
    MutedUser,
    Reaction,
    Realm,
    RealmAuditLog,
    RealmEmoji,
    RealmUserDefault,
    Recipient,
    ScheduledMessage,
    Stream,
    Subscription,
    SystemGroups,
    UserGroup,
    UserGroupMembership,
    UserHotspot,
    UserMessage,
    UserPresence,
    UserProfile,
    UserStatus,
    UserTopic,
    get_active_streams,
    get_client,
    get_huddle_hash,
    get_realm,
    get_stream,
    get_system_bot,
    get_user_by_delivery_email,
)


def make_datetime(val: float) -> datetime.datetime:
    return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(val, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)


def get_output_dir() -> str:
    return os.path.join(settings.TEST_WORKER_DIR, "test-export")


def make_export_output_dir() -> str:
    output_dir = get_output_dir()
    if os.path.exists(output_dir):
        shutil.rmtree(output_dir)
    os.makedirs(output_dir)
    return output_dir


def read_json(fn: str) -> Any:
    output_dir = get_output_dir()
    full_fn = os.path.join(output_dir, fn)
    with open(full_fn, "rb") as f:
        return orjson.loads(f.read())


def export_fn(fn: str) -> str:
    output_dir = get_output_dir()
    return os.path.join(output_dir, fn)


def get_user_id(r: Realm, full_name: str) -> int:
    return UserProfile.objects.get(realm=r, full_name=full_name).id


def get_huddle_hashes(r: Realm) -> str:
    cordelia_full_name = "Cordelia, Lear's daughter"
    hamlet_full_name = "King Hamlet"
    othello_full_name = "Othello, the Moor of Venice"

    user_id_list = [
        get_user_id(r, cordelia_full_name),
        get_user_id(r, hamlet_full_name),
        get_user_id(r, othello_full_name),
    ]

    huddle_hash = get_huddle_hash(user_id_list)
    return huddle_hash


class ExportFile(ZulipTestCase):
    """This class is a container for shared helper functions
    used for both the realm-level and user-level export tests."""

    @override
    def setUp(self) -> None:
        super().setUp()
        assert settings.LOCAL_UPLOADS_DIR is not None
        self.rm_tree(settings.LOCAL_UPLOADS_DIR)

        # Deleting LOCAL_UPLOADS_DIR results in the test database
        # having RealmEmoji records without associated files.
        #
        # Even if we didn't delete them, the way that the test runner
        # varies settings.LOCAL_UPLOADS_DIR for each test worker
        # process would likely result in this being necessary anyway.
        RealmEmoji.objects.all().delete()

    def upload_files_for_user(
        self, user_profile: UserProfile, *, emoji_name: str = "whatever"
    ) -> None:
        message = most_recent_message(user_profile)
        url = upload_message_attachment(
            "dummy.txt", len(b"zulip!"), "text/plain", b"zulip!", user_profile
        )
        attachment_path_id = url.replace("/user_uploads/", "")
        claim_attachment(
            user_profile=user_profile,
            path_id=attachment_path_id,
            message=message,
            is_message_realm_public=True,
        )

        with get_test_image_file("img.png") as img_file:
            upload_avatar_image(img_file, user_profile, user_profile)

        user_profile.avatar_source = "U"
        user_profile.save()

        realm = user_profile.realm

        with get_test_image_file("img.png") as img_file:
            check_add_realm_emoji(realm, emoji_name, user_profile, img_file)

    def upload_files_for_realm(self, user_profile: UserProfile) -> None:
        realm = user_profile.realm

        with get_test_image_file("img.png") as img_file:
            upload.upload_backend.upload_realm_icon_image(img_file, user_profile)
            do_change_icon_source(realm, Realm.ICON_UPLOADED, acting_user=None)

        with get_test_image_file("img.png") as img_file:
            upload.upload_backend.upload_realm_logo_image(img_file, user_profile, night=False)
            do_change_logo_source(realm, Realm.LOGO_UPLOADED, False, acting_user=user_profile)
        with get_test_image_file("img.png") as img_file:
            upload.upload_backend.upload_realm_logo_image(img_file, user_profile, night=True)
            do_change_logo_source(realm, Realm.LOGO_UPLOADED, True, acting_user=user_profile)

    def verify_attachment_json(self, user: UserProfile) -> None:
        attachment = Attachment.objects.get(owner=user)
        (record,) = read_json("attachment.json")["zerver_attachment"]
        self.assertEqual(record["path_id"], attachment.path_id)
        self.assertEqual(record["owner"], attachment.owner_id)
        self.assertEqual(record["realm"], attachment.realm_id)

    def verify_uploads(self, user: UserProfile, is_s3: bool) -> None:
        realm = user.realm

        attachment = Attachment.objects.get(owner=user)
        path_id = attachment.path_id

        # Test uploads
        fn = export_fn(f"uploads/{path_id}")
        with open(fn) as f:
            self.assertEqual(f.read(), "zulip!")
        (record,) = read_json("uploads/records.json")
        self.assertEqual(record["path"], path_id)
        self.assertEqual(record["s3_path"], path_id)

        if is_s3:
            realm_str, random_hash, file_name = path_id.split("/")
            self.assertEqual(realm_str, str(realm.id))
            self.assert_length(random_hash, 24)
            self.assertEqual(file_name, "dummy.txt")

            self.assertEqual(record["realm_id"], realm.id)
            self.assertEqual(record["user_profile_id"], user.id)
        else:
            realm_str, slot, random_hash, file_name = path_id.split("/")
            self.assertEqual(realm_str, str(realm.id))
            # We randomly pick a number between 0 and 255 and turn it into
            # hex in order to avoid large directories.
            assert len(slot) <= 2
            self.assert_length(random_hash, 24)
            self.assertEqual(file_name, "dummy.txt")

    def verify_emojis(self, user: UserProfile, is_s3: bool) -> None:
        realm = user.realm

        realm_emoji = RealmEmoji.objects.get(author=user)
        file_name = realm_emoji.file_name
        assert file_name is not None
        assert file_name.endswith(".png")

        emoji_path = f"{realm.id}/emoji/images/{file_name}"
        emoji_dir = export_fn(f"emoji/{realm.id}/emoji/images")
        self.assertEqual(os.listdir(emoji_dir), [file_name])

        (record,) = read_json("emoji/records.json")
        self.assertEqual(record["file_name"], file_name)
        self.assertEqual(record["path"], emoji_path)
        self.assertEqual(record["s3_path"], emoji_path)

        if is_s3:
            self.assertEqual(record["realm_id"], realm.id)
            self.assertEqual(record["user_profile_id"], user.id)

    def verify_realm_logo_and_icon(self) -> None:
        records = read_json("realm_icons/records.json")
        image_files = set()

        for record in records:
            self.assertEqual(record["path"], record["s3_path"])
            image_path = export_fn(f"realm_icons/{record['path']}")
            if image_path.endswith(".original"):
                with open(image_path, "rb") as image_file:
                    image_data = image_file.read()
                self.assertEqual(image_data, read_test_image_file("img.png"))
            else:
                self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(image_path))

            image_files.add(os.path.basename(image_path))

        self.assertEqual(
            set(image_files),
            {
                "night_logo.png",
                "logo.original",
                "logo.png",
                "icon.png",
                "night_logo.original",
                "icon.original",
            },
        )

    def verify_avatars(self, user: UserProfile) -> None:
        records = read_json("avatars/records.json")
        exported_paths = set()

        # Make sure all files in records.json got written.
        for record in records:
            self.assertEqual(record["path"], record["s3_path"])
            path = record["path"]
            fn = export_fn(f"avatars/{path}")
            assert os.path.exists(fn)

            if path.endswith(".original"):
                exported_paths.add(path)

                # For now we know that all our tests use
                # emojis based on img.png.  This may change some
                # day.
                with open(fn, "rb") as fb:
                    fn_data = fb.read()

                self.assertEqual(fn_data, read_test_image_file("img.png"))

        assert exported_paths

        # Right now we expect only our user to have an uploaded avatar.
        db_paths = {user_avatar_path(user) + ".original"}
        self.assertEqual(exported_paths, db_paths)


class RealmImportExportTest(ExportFile):
    def export_realm(
        self,
        realm: Realm,
        exportable_user_ids: Optional[Set[int]] = None,
        consent_message_id: Optional[int] = None,
        public_only: bool = False,
    ) -> None:
        output_dir = make_export_output_dir()
        with patch("zerver.lib.export.create_soft_link"), self.assertLogs(level="INFO"):
            do_export_realm(
                realm=realm,
                output_dir=output_dir,
                threads=0,
                exportable_user_ids=exportable_user_ids,
                consent_message_id=consent_message_id,
                public_only=public_only,
            )

            # This is a unique field and thus the cycle of export->import
            # within the same server (which is what happens in our tests)
            # will cause a conflict - so rotate it.
            realm.uuid = uuid.uuid4()
            realm.save()

            export_usermessages_batch(
                input_path=os.path.join(output_dir, "messages-000001.json.partial"),
                output_path=os.path.join(output_dir, "messages-000001.json"),
                consent_message_id=consent_message_id,
            )

    def test_export_files_from_local(self) -> None:
        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
        realm = user.realm
        self.upload_files_for_user(user)
        self.upload_files_for_realm(user)
        self.export_realm(realm)

        self.verify_attachment_json(user)
        self.verify_uploads(user, is_s3=False)
        self.verify_avatars(user)
        self.verify_emojis(user, is_s3=False)
        self.verify_realm_logo_and_icon()

    def test_public_only_export_files_private_uploads_not_included(self) -> None:
        """
        This test verifies that when doing a public_only export, private uploads
        don't get included in the exported data.
        """

        user_profile = self.example_user("hamlet")
        realm = user_profile.realm

        # We create an attachment tied to a personal message. That means it shouldn't be
        # included in a public export, as it's private data.
        personal_message_id = self.send_personal_message(user_profile, self.example_user("othello"))
        url = upload_message_attachment(
            "dummy.txt", len(b"zulip!"), "text/plain", b"zulip!", user_profile
        )
        attachment_path_id = url.replace("/user_uploads/", "")
        attachment = claim_attachment(
            user_profile=user_profile,
            path_id=attachment_path_id,
            message=Message.objects.get(id=personal_message_id),
            is_message_realm_public=True,
        )

        self.export_realm(realm, public_only=True)

        # The attachment row shouldn't have been exported:
        self.assertEqual(read_json("attachment.json")["zerver_attachment"], [])

        # Aside of the attachment row, we also need to verify that the file itself
        # isn't included.
        fn = export_fn(f"uploads/{attachment.path_id}")
        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(fn))

    @use_s3_backend
    def test_export_files_from_s3(self) -> None:
        create_s3_buckets(settings.S3_AUTH_UPLOADS_BUCKET, settings.S3_AVATAR_BUCKET)

        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
        realm = user.realm

        self.upload_files_for_user(user)
        self.upload_files_for_realm(user)
        self.export_realm(realm)

        self.verify_attachment_json(user)
        self.verify_uploads(user, is_s3=True)
        self.verify_avatars(user)
        self.verify_emojis(user, is_s3=True)
        self.verify_realm_logo_and_icon()

    def test_zulip_realm(self) -> None:
        realm = Realm.objects.get(string_id="zulip")

        default_bot = self.example_user("default_bot")
        pm_a_msg_id = self.send_personal_message(self.example_user("AARON"), default_bot)
        pm_b_msg_id = self.send_personal_message(default_bot, self.example_user("iago"))
        pm_c_msg_id = self.send_personal_message(
            self.example_user("othello"), self.example_user("hamlet")
        )

        realm_user_default = RealmUserDefault.objects.get(realm=realm)
        realm_user_default.default_language = "de"
        realm_user_default.save()

        self.export_realm(realm)

        data = read_json("realm.json")
        self.assert_length(data["zerver_userprofile_crossrealm"], 3)
        self.assert_length(data["zerver_userprofile_mirrordummy"], 0)

        exported_user_emails = self.get_set(data["zerver_userprofile"], "delivery_email")
        self.assertIn(self.example_email("cordelia"), exported_user_emails)
        self.assertIn("default-bot@zulip.com", exported_user_emails)

        exported_streams = self.get_set(data["zerver_stream"], "name")
        self.assertEqual(
            exported_streams,
            {"Denmark", "Rome", "Scotland", "Venice", "Verona", "core team"},
        )

        exported_alert_words = data["zerver_alertword"]

        # We set up 4 alert words for Hamlet, Cordelia, etc.
        # when we populate the test database.
        num_zulip_users = 10
        self.assert_length(exported_alert_words, num_zulip_users * 4)

        self.assertIn("robotics", {r["word"] for r in exported_alert_words})

        exported_realm_user_default = data["zerver_realmuserdefault"]
        self.assert_length(exported_realm_user_default, 1)
        self.assertEqual(exported_realm_user_default[0]["default_language"], "de")

        exported_usergroups = data["zerver_usergroup"]
        self.assert_length(exported_usergroups, 9)
        self.assertEqual(exported_usergroups[2]["name"], "role:administrators")
        self.assertFalse("direct_members" in exported_usergroups[2])
        self.assertFalse("direct_subgroups" in exported_usergroups[2])

        data = read_json("messages-000001.json")
        um = UserMessage.objects.all()[0]
        exported_um = self.find_by_id(data["zerver_usermessage"], um.id)
        self.assertEqual(exported_um["message"], um.message_id)
        self.assertEqual(exported_um["user_profile"], um.user_profile_id)

        exported_message = self.find_by_id(data["zerver_message"], um.message_id)
        self.assertEqual(exported_message["content"], um.message.content)

        exported_message_ids = self.get_set(data["zerver_message"], "id")
        self.assertIn(pm_a_msg_id, exported_message_ids)
        self.assertIn(pm_b_msg_id, exported_message_ids)
        self.assertIn(pm_c_msg_id, exported_message_ids)

    def test_export_realm_with_exportable_user_ids(self) -> None:
        realm = Realm.objects.get(string_id="zulip")

        cordelia = self.example_user("iago")
        hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet")
        user_ids = {cordelia.id, hamlet.id}

        pm_a_msg_id = self.send_personal_message(
            self.example_user("AARON"), self.example_user("othello")
        )
        pm_b_msg_id = self.send_personal_message(
            self.example_user("cordelia"), self.example_user("iago")
        )
        pm_c_msg_id = self.send_personal_message(
            self.example_user("hamlet"), self.example_user("othello")
        )
        pm_d_msg_id = self.send_personal_message(
            self.example_user("iago"), self.example_user("hamlet")
        )

        self.export_realm(realm, exportable_user_ids=user_ids)

        data = read_json("realm.json")

        exported_user_emails = self.get_set(data["zerver_userprofile"], "delivery_email")
        self.assertIn(self.example_email("iago"), exported_user_emails)
        self.assertIn(self.example_email("hamlet"), exported_user_emails)
        self.assertNotIn("default-bot@zulip.com", exported_user_emails)
        self.assertNotIn(self.example_email("cordelia"), exported_user_emails)

        dummy_user_emails = self.get_set(data["zerver_userprofile_mirrordummy"], "delivery_email")
        self.assertIn(self.example_email("cordelia"), dummy_user_emails)
        self.assertIn(self.example_email("othello"), dummy_user_emails)
        self.assertIn("default-bot@zulip.com", dummy_user_emails)
        self.assertNotIn(self.example_email("iago"), dummy_user_emails)
        self.assertNotIn(self.example_email("hamlet"), dummy_user_emails)

        data = read_json("messages-000001.json")

        exported_message_ids = self.get_set(data["zerver_message"], "id")
        self.assertNotIn(pm_a_msg_id, exported_message_ids)
        self.assertIn(pm_b_msg_id, exported_message_ids)
        self.assertIn(pm_c_msg_id, exported_message_ids)
        self.assertIn(pm_d_msg_id, exported_message_ids)

    def test_export_realm_with_member_consent(self) -> None:
        realm = Realm.objects.get(string_id="zulip")

        # Create private streams and subscribe users for testing export
        create_stream_if_needed(realm, "Private A", invite_only=True)
        self.subscribe(self.example_user("iago"), "Private A")
        self.subscribe(self.example_user("othello"), "Private A")
        self.send_stream_message(self.example_user("iago"), "Private A", "Hello stream A")

        create_stream_if_needed(realm, "Private B", invite_only=True)
        self.subscribe(self.example_user("prospero"), "Private B")
        stream_b_first_message_id = self.send_stream_message(
            self.example_user("prospero"), "Private B", "Hello stream B"
        )
        # Hamlet subscribes now, so due to protected history, will not have access to the first message.
        # This means that his consent will not be sufficient for the export of that message.
        self.subscribe(self.example_user("hamlet"), "Private B")
        stream_b_second_message_id = self.send_stream_message(
            self.example_user("prospero"), "Private B", "Hello again stream B"
        )

        create_stream_if_needed(realm, "Private C", invite_only=True)
        self.subscribe(self.example_user("othello"), "Private C")
        self.subscribe(self.example_user("prospero"), "Private C")
        stream_c_message_id = self.send_stream_message(
            self.example_user("othello"), "Private C", "Hello stream C"
        )

        create_stream_if_needed(
            realm, "Private D", invite_only=True, history_public_to_subscribers=True
        )
        self.subscribe(self.example_user("prospero"), "Private D")
        self.send_stream_message(self.example_user("prospero"), "Private D", "Hello stream D")
        # Hamlet subscribes now, but due to the stream having public history to subscribers, that doesn't
        # matter and he his consent is sufficient to export also messages sent before he was added
        # to the stream.
        self.subscribe(self.example_user("hamlet"), "Private D")
        self.send_stream_message(self.example_user("prospero"), "Private D", "Hello again stream D")

        # Create huddles
        self.send_huddle_message(
            self.example_user("iago"), [self.example_user("cordelia"), self.example_user("AARON")]
        )
        huddle_a = Huddle.objects.last()
        self.send_huddle_message(
            self.example_user("ZOE"),
            [self.example_user("hamlet"), self.example_user("AARON"), self.example_user("othello")],
        )
        huddle_b = Huddle.objects.last()

        huddle_c_message_id = self.send_huddle_message(
            self.example_user("AARON"),
            [self.example_user("cordelia"), self.example_user("ZOE"), self.example_user("othello")],
        )

        # Create direct messages
        pm_a_msg_id = self.send_personal_message(
            self.example_user("AARON"), self.example_user("othello")
        )
        pm_b_msg_id = self.send_personal_message(
            self.example_user("cordelia"), self.example_user("iago")
        )
        pm_c_msg_id = self.send_personal_message(
            self.example_user("hamlet"), self.example_user("othello")
        )
        pm_d_msg_id = self.send_personal_message(
            self.example_user("iago"), self.example_user("hamlet")
        )

        # Send message advertising export and make users react
        self.send_stream_message(
            self.example_user("othello"),
            "Verona",
            topic_name="Export",
            content="Thumbs up for export",
        )
        message = Message.objects.last()
        assert message is not None
        consented_user_ids = [self.example_user(user).id for user in ["iago", "hamlet"]]
        do_add_reaction(
            self.example_user("iago"), message, "outbox", "1f4e4", Reaction.UNICODE_EMOJI
        )
        do_add_reaction(
            self.example_user("hamlet"), message, "outbox", "1f4e4", Reaction.UNICODE_EMOJI
        )

        assert message is not None
        self.export_realm(realm, consent_message_id=message.id)

        data = read_json("realm.json")

        self.assert_length(data["zerver_userprofile_crossrealm"], 3)
        self.assert_length(data["zerver_userprofile_mirrordummy"], 0)

        exported_user_emails = self.get_set(data["zerver_userprofile"], "delivery_email")
        self.assertIn(self.example_email("cordelia"), exported_user_emails)
        self.assertIn(self.example_email("hamlet"), exported_user_emails)
        self.assertIn(self.example_email("iago"), exported_user_emails)
        self.assertIn(self.example_email("othello"), exported_user_emails)
        self.assertIn("default-bot@zulip.com", exported_user_emails)

        exported_streams = self.get_set(data["zerver_stream"], "name")
        self.assertEqual(
            exported_streams,
            {
                "core team",
                "Denmark",
                "Rome",
                "Scotland",
                "Venice",
                "Verona",
                "Private A",
                "Private B",
                "Private C",
                "Private D",
            },
        )

        data = read_json("messages-000001.json")
        exported_usermessages = UserMessage.objects.filter(
            user_profile__in=[self.example_user("iago"), self.example_user("hamlet")]
        )
        um = exported_usermessages[0]
        self.assert_length(data["zerver_usermessage"], len(exported_usermessages))
        exported_um = self.find_by_id(data["zerver_usermessage"], um.id)
        self.assertEqual(exported_um["message"], um.message_id)
        self.assertEqual(exported_um["user_profile"], um.user_profile_id)

        exported_message = self.find_by_id(data["zerver_message"], um.message_id)
        self.assertEqual(exported_message["content"], um.message.content)

        public_stream_names = ["Denmark", "Rome", "Scotland", "Venice", "Verona"]
        public_stream_ids = Stream.objects.filter(name__in=public_stream_names).values_list(
            "id", flat=True
        )
        public_stream_recipients = Recipient.objects.filter(
            type_id__in=public_stream_ids, type=Recipient.STREAM
        )
        public_stream_message_ids = Message.objects.filter(
            realm_id=realm.id, recipient__in=public_stream_recipients
        ).values_list("id", flat=True)

        # Messages from Private stream C are not exported since no member gave consent
        # Only the second message from Private stream B is exported, so that gets handled
        # separately.
        private_stream_ids = Stream.objects.filter(
            name__in=["Private A", "Private D", "core team"]
        ).values_list("id", flat=True)
        private_stream_recipients = Recipient.objects.filter(
            type_id__in=private_stream_ids, type=Recipient.STREAM
        )
        private_stream_message_ids = Message.objects.filter(
            realm_id=realm.id, recipient__in=private_stream_recipients
        ).values_list("id", flat=True)

        pm_recipients = Recipient.objects.filter(
            type_id__in=consented_user_ids, type=Recipient.PERSONAL
        )
        pm_query = Q(recipient__in=pm_recipients) | Q(sender__in=consented_user_ids)
        exported_pm_ids = (
            Message.objects.filter(pm_query, realm=realm.id)
            .values_list("id", flat=True)
            .values_list("id", flat=True)
        )

        # Third huddle is not exported since none of the members gave consent
        assert huddle_a is not None and huddle_b is not None
        huddle_recipients = Recipient.objects.filter(
            type_id__in=[huddle_a.id, huddle_b.id], type=Recipient.HUDDLE
        )
        pm_query = Q(recipient__in=huddle_recipients) | Q(sender__in=consented_user_ids)
        exported_huddle_ids = (
            Message.objects.filter(pm_query, realm=realm.id)
            .values_list("id", flat=True)
            .values_list("id", flat=True)
        )

        exported_msg_ids = {
            *public_stream_message_ids,
            *private_stream_message_ids,
            stream_b_second_message_id,
            *exported_pm_ids,
            *exported_huddle_ids,
        }
        self.assertEqual(self.get_set(data["zerver_message"], "id"), exported_msg_ids)

        self.assertNotIn(stream_b_first_message_id, exported_msg_ids)

        self.assertNotIn(stream_c_message_id, exported_msg_ids)
        self.assertNotIn(huddle_c_message_id, exported_msg_ids)

        self.assertNotIn(pm_a_msg_id, exported_msg_ids)
        self.assertIn(pm_b_msg_id, exported_msg_ids)
        self.assertIn(pm_c_msg_id, exported_msg_ids)
        self.assertIn(pm_d_msg_id, exported_msg_ids)

    """
    Tests for import_realm
    """

    def test_import_realm(self) -> None:
        original_realm = Realm.objects.get(string_id="zulip")

        hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet")
        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
        othello = self.example_user("othello")

        internal_realm = get_realm(settings.SYSTEM_BOT_REALM)
        cross_realm_bot = get_system_bot(settings.WELCOME_BOT, internal_realm.id)

        with get_test_image_file("img.png") as img_file:
            realm_emoji = check_add_realm_emoji(
                realm=hamlet.realm, name="hawaii", author=hamlet, image_file=img_file
            )
            self.assertEqual(realm_emoji.name, "hawaii")

        # Deactivate a user to ensure such a case is covered.
        do_deactivate_user(self.example_user("aaron"), acting_user=None)

        # Change some authentication_methods so that some are enabled and some disabled
        # for this to be properly tested, as opposed to some special case
        # with e.g. everything enabled.
        authentication_methods = original_realm.authentication_methods_dict()
        authentication_methods["Email"] = False
        authentication_methods["Dev"] = True

        do_set_realm_authentication_methods(
            original_realm, authentication_methods, acting_user=None
        )

        # Set up an edge-case RealmAuditLog with acting_user in a different realm. Such an acting_user can't be covered
        # by the export, so we'll test that it is handled by getting set to None.
        self.assertTrue(
            RealmAuditLog.objects.filter(
                modified_user=hamlet, event_type=RealmAuditLog.USER_CREATED
            ).count(),
            1,
        )
        RealmAuditLog.objects.filter(
            modified_user=hamlet, event_type=RealmAuditLog.USER_CREATED
        ).update(acting_user_id=cross_realm_bot.id)

        # data to test import of huddles
        huddle = [
            self.example_user("hamlet"),
            self.example_user("othello"),
        ]
        self.send_huddle_message(
            self.example_user("cordelia"),
            huddle,
            "test huddle message",
        )

        user_mention_message = "@**King Hamlet** Hello"
        self.send_stream_message(self.example_user("iago"), "Verona", user_mention_message)

        stream_mention_message = "Subscribe to #**Denmark**"
        self.send_stream_message(self.example_user("hamlet"), "Verona", stream_mention_message)

        user_group_mention_message = "Hello @*hamletcharacters*"
        self.send_stream_message(self.example_user("othello"), "Verona", user_group_mention_message)

        special_characters_message = "```\n'\n```\n@**Polonius**"
        self.send_stream_message(self.example_user("iago"), "Denmark", special_characters_message)

        sample_user = self.example_user("hamlet")

        check_add_reaction(
            user_profile=cordelia,
            message_id=most_recent_message(hamlet).id,
            emoji_name="hawaii",
            emoji_code=None,
            reaction_type=None,
        )
        reaction = Reaction.objects.order_by("id").last()
        assert reaction

        # Verify strange invariant for Reaction/RealmEmoji.
        self.assertEqual(reaction.emoji_code, str(realm_emoji.id))

        # data to test import of hotspots
        UserHotspot.objects.create(
            user=sample_user,
            hotspot="intro_streams",
        )

        # data to test import of muted topic
        stream = get_stream("Verona", original_realm)
        do_set_user_topic_visibility_policy(
            sample_user,
            stream,
            "Verona2",
            visibility_policy=UserTopic.VisibilityPolicy.MUTED,
        )

        # data to test import of muted users
        do_mute_user(hamlet, cordelia)
        do_mute_user(cordelia, hamlet)
        do_mute_user(cordelia, othello)

        client = get_client("website")

        do_update_user_presence(
            sample_user, client, timezone_now(), UserPresence.LEGACY_STATUS_ACTIVE_INT
        )

        # Set up scheduled messages.
        ScheduledMessage.objects.filter(realm=original_realm).delete()
        check_schedule_message(
            sender=hamlet,
            client=get_client("website"),
            recipient_type_name="stream",
            message_to=[Stream.objects.get(name="Denmark", realm=original_realm).id],
            topic_name="test-import",
            message_content="test message",
            deliver_at=timezone_now() + datetime.timedelta(days=365),
            realm=original_realm,
        )
        original_scheduled_message = ScheduledMessage.objects.filter(realm=original_realm).last()
        assert original_scheduled_message is not None

        # send Cordelia to the islands
        do_update_user_status(
            user_profile=cordelia,
            away=True,
            status_text="in Hawaii",
            client_id=client.id,
            emoji_name="hawaii",
            emoji_code=str(realm_emoji.id),
            reaction_type=Reaction.REALM_EMOJI,
        )

        user_status = UserStatus.objects.order_by("id").last()
        assert user_status

        # Verify strange invariant for UserStatus/RealmEmoji.
        self.assertEqual(user_status.emoji_code, str(realm_emoji.id))

        # data to test import of botstoragedata and botconfigdata
        bot_profile = do_create_user(
            email="bot-1@zulip.com",
            password="test",
            realm=original_realm,
            full_name="bot",
            bot_type=UserProfile.EMBEDDED_BOT,
            bot_owner=sample_user,
            acting_user=None,
        )
        storage = StateHandler(bot_profile)
        storage.put("some key", "some value")

        set_bot_config(bot_profile, "entry 1", "value 1")

        realm_user_default = RealmUserDefault.objects.get(realm=original_realm)
        realm_user_default.default_language = "de"
        realm_user_default.twenty_four_hour_time = True
        realm_user_default.save()

        # We want to have an extra, malformed RealmEmoji with no .author
        # to test that upon import that gets fixed.
        with get_test_image_file("img.png") as img_file:
            new_realm_emoji = check_add_realm_emoji(
                realm=hamlet.realm, name="hawaii2", author=hamlet, image_file=img_file
            )
            assert new_realm_emoji is not None
        original_realm_emoji_count = RealmEmoji.objects.count()
        self.assertGreaterEqual(original_realm_emoji_count, 2)
        new_realm_emoji.author = None
        new_realm_emoji.save()

        getters = self.get_realm_getters()

        snapshots: Dict[str, object] = {}

        for f in getters:
            snapshots[f.__name__] = f(original_realm)

        self.export_realm(original_realm)

        with self.settings(BILLING_ENABLED=False), self.assertLogs(level="INFO"):
            do_import_realm(get_output_dir(), "test-zulip")

        # Make sure our export/import didn't somehow leak info into the
        # original realm.
        for f in getters:
            # One way this will fail is if you make a getter that doesn't
            # properly restrict its results to a single realm.
            if f(original_realm) != snapshots[f.__name__]:
                raise AssertionError(
                    f"""
                    The export/import process is corrupting your
                    original realm according to {f.__name__}!

                    If you wrote that getter, are you sure you
                    are only grabbing objects from one realm?
                    """
                )

        imported_realm = Realm.objects.get(string_id="test-zulip")

        # test realm
        self.assertTrue(Realm.objects.filter(string_id="test-zulip").exists())
        self.assertNotEqual(imported_realm.id, original_realm.id)

        def assert_realm_values(f: Callable[[Realm], object]) -> None:
            orig_realm_result = f(original_realm)
            imported_realm_result = f(imported_realm)
            # orig_realm_result should be truthy and have some values, otherwise
            # the test is kind of meaningless
            assert orig_realm_result

            # It may be helpful to do print(f.__name__) if you are having
            # trouble debugging this.

            # print(f.__name__, orig_realm_result, imported_realm_result)
            self.assertEqual(orig_realm_result, imported_realm_result)

        for f in getters:
            assert_realm_values(f)

        self.verify_emoji_code_foreign_keys()

        # Our huddle hashes change, because hashes use ids that change.
        self.assertNotEqual(get_huddle_hashes(original_realm), get_huddle_hashes(imported_realm))

        # test to highlight that bs4 which we use to do data-**id
        # replacements modifies the HTML sometimes. eg replacing <br>
        # with </br>, &#39; with \' etc. The modifications doesn't
        # affect how the browser displays the rendered_content so we
        # are okay with using bs4 for this.  lxml package also has
        # similar behavior.
        orig_polonius_user = self.example_user("polonius")
        original_msg = Message.objects.get(
            content=special_characters_message, sender__realm=original_realm
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            original_msg.rendered_content,
            '<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>&#39;\n</code></pre></div>\n'
            f'<p><span class="user-mention" data-user-id="{orig_polonius_user.id}">@Polonius</span></p>',
        )
        imported_polonius_user = UserProfile.objects.get(
            delivery_email=self.example_email("polonius"), realm=imported_realm
        )
        imported_msg = Message.objects.get(
            content=special_characters_message, sender__realm=imported_realm
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            imported_msg.rendered_content,
            '<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>\'\n</code></pre></div>\n'
            f'<p><span class="user-mention" data-user-id="{imported_polonius_user.id}">@Polonius</span></p>',
        )

        # Check recipient_id was generated correctly for the imported users and streams.
        for user_profile in UserProfile.objects.filter(realm=imported_realm):
            self.assertEqual(
                user_profile.recipient_id,
                Recipient.objects.get(type=Recipient.PERSONAL, type_id=user_profile.id).id,
            )
        for stream in Stream.objects.filter(realm=imported_realm):
            self.assertEqual(
                stream.recipient_id,
                Recipient.objects.get(type=Recipient.STREAM, type_id=stream.id).id,
            )

        for huddle_object in Huddle.objects.all():
            # Huddles don't have a realm column, so we just test all Huddles for simplicity.
            self.assertEqual(
                huddle_object.recipient_id,
                Recipient.objects.get(type=Recipient.HUDDLE, type_id=huddle_object.id).id,
            )

        self.assertEqual(ScheduledMessage.objects.filter(realm=imported_realm).count(), 1)
        imported_scheduled_message = ScheduledMessage.objects.first()
        assert imported_scheduled_message is not None
        self.assertEqual(imported_scheduled_message.content, original_scheduled_message.content)
        self.assertEqual(
            imported_scheduled_message.scheduled_timestamp,
            original_scheduled_message.scheduled_timestamp,
        )

        for user_profile in UserProfile.objects.filter(realm=imported_realm):
            # Check that all Subscriptions have the correct is_user_active set.
            self.assertEqual(
                Subscription.objects.filter(
                    user_profile=user_profile, is_user_active=user_profile.is_active
                ).count(),
                Subscription.objects.filter(user_profile=user_profile).count(),
            )
        # Verify that we've actually tested something meaningful instead of a blind import
        # with is_user_active=True used for everything.
        self.assertTrue(Subscription.objects.filter(is_user_active=False).exists())

        all_imported_realm_emoji = RealmEmoji.objects.filter(realm=imported_realm)
        self.assertEqual(all_imported_realm_emoji.count(), original_realm_emoji_count)
        for imported_realm_emoji in all_imported_realm_emoji:
            self.assertNotEqual(imported_realm_emoji.author, None)

        self.assertEqual(
            original_realm.authentication_methods_dict(),
            imported_realm.authentication_methods_dict(),
        )

        imported_hamlet = get_user_by_delivery_email(hamlet.delivery_email, imported_realm)
        realmauditlog = RealmAuditLog.objects.get(
            modified_user=imported_hamlet, event_type=RealmAuditLog.USER_CREATED
        )
        self.assertEqual(realmauditlog.realm, imported_realm)
        # As explained above when setting up the RealmAuditLog row, the .acting_user should have been
        # set to None due to being unexportable.
        self.assertEqual(realmauditlog.acting_user, None)

        self.assertEqual(
            Message.objects.filter(realm=original_realm).count(),
            Message.objects.filter(realm=imported_realm).count(),
        )

    def get_realm_getters(self) -> List[Callable[[Realm], object]]:
        names = set()
        getters: List[Callable[[Realm], object]] = []

        def getter(f: Callable[[Realm], object]) -> Callable[[Realm], object]:
            getters.append(f)
            assert f.__name__.startswith("get_")

            # Avoid dups
            assert f.__name__ not in names
            names.add(f.__name__)
            return f

        @getter
        def get_admin_bot_emails(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            return {user.email for user in r.get_admin_users_and_bots()}

        @getter
        def get_active_emails(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            return {user.email for user in r.get_active_users()}

        @getter
        def get_active_stream_names(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            return {stream.name for stream in get_active_streams(r)}

        @getter
        def get_group_names_for_group_settings(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            return {
                getattr(r, permission_name).name
                for permission_name in Realm.REALM_PERMISSION_GROUP_SETTINGS
            }

        # test recipients
        def get_recipient_stream(r: Realm) -> Recipient:
            recipient = Stream.objects.get(name="Verona", realm=r).recipient
            assert recipient is not None
            return recipient

        def get_recipient_user(r: Realm) -> Recipient:
            return assert_is_not_none(UserProfile.objects.get(full_name="Iago", realm=r).recipient)

        @getter
        def get_stream_recipient_type(r: Realm) -> int:
            return get_recipient_stream(r).type

        @getter
        def get_user_recipient_type(r: Realm) -> int:
            return get_recipient_user(r).type

        # test subscription
        def get_subscribers(recipient: Recipient) -> Set[str]:
            subscriptions = Subscription.objects.filter(recipient=recipient)
            users = {sub.user_profile.email for sub in subscriptions}
            return users

        @getter
        def get_stream_subscribers(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            return get_subscribers(get_recipient_stream(r))

        @getter
        def get_user_subscribers(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            return get_subscribers(get_recipient_user(r))

        # test custom profile fields
        @getter
        def get_custom_profile_field_names(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            custom_profile_fields = CustomProfileField.objects.filter(realm=r)
            custom_profile_field_names = {field.name for field in custom_profile_fields}
            return custom_profile_field_names

        @getter
        def get_custom_profile_with_field_type_user(
            r: Realm,
        ) -> Tuple[Set[str], Set[str], Set[FrozenSet[str]]]:
            fields = CustomProfileField.objects.filter(field_type=CustomProfileField.USER, realm=r)

            def get_email(user_id: int) -> str:
                return UserProfile.objects.get(id=user_id).email

            def get_email_from_value(field_value: CustomProfileFieldValue) -> Set[str]:
                user_id_list = orjson.loads(field_value.value)
                return {get_email(user_id) for user_id in user_id_list}

            def custom_profile_field_values_for(
                fields: Iterable[CustomProfileField],
            ) -> Set[FrozenSet[str]]:
                user_emails: Set[FrozenSet[str]] = set()
                for field in fields:
                    values = CustomProfileFieldValue.objects.filter(field=field)
                    for value in values:
                        user_emails.add(frozenset(get_email_from_value(value)))
                return user_emails

            field_names, field_hints = (set() for i in range(2))
            for field in fields:
                field_names.add(field.name)
                field_hints.add(field.hint)

            return (field_hints, field_names, custom_profile_field_values_for(fields))

        # test realmauditlog
        @getter
        def get_realm_audit_log_event_type(r: Realm) -> Set[int]:
            realmauditlogs = RealmAuditLog.objects.filter(realm=r).exclude(
                event_type__in=[RealmAuditLog.REALM_PLAN_TYPE_CHANGED, RealmAuditLog.STREAM_CREATED]
            )
            realmauditlog_event_type = {log.event_type for log in realmauditlogs}
            return realmauditlog_event_type

        @getter
        def get_huddle_message(r: Realm) -> str:
            huddle_hash = get_huddle_hashes(r)
            huddle_id = Huddle.objects.get(huddle_hash=huddle_hash).id
            huddle_recipient = Recipient.objects.get(type_id=huddle_id, type=3)
            huddle_message = Message.objects.get(recipient=huddle_recipient)
            self.assertEqual(huddle_message.content, "test huddle message")
            return huddle_message.content

        @getter
        def get_alertwords(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            return {rec.word for rec in AlertWord.objects.filter(realm_id=r.id)}

        @getter
        def get_realm_emoji_names(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            names = {rec.name for rec in RealmEmoji.objects.filter(realm_id=r.id)}
            assert "hawaii" in names
            return names

        @getter
        def get_realm_user_statuses(r: Realm) -> Set[Tuple[str, str, str]]:
            cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
            tups = {
                (rec.user_profile.full_name, rec.emoji_name, rec.status_text)
                for rec in UserStatus.objects.filter(user_profile__realm_id=r.id)
            }
            assert (cordelia.full_name, "hawaii", "in Hawaii") in tups
            return tups

        @getter
        def get_realm_emoji_reactions(r: Realm) -> Set[Tuple[str, str]]:
            cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
            tups = {
                (rec.emoji_name, rec.user_profile.full_name)
                for rec in Reaction.objects.filter(
                    user_profile__realm_id=r.id, reaction_type=Reaction.REALM_EMOJI
                )
            }
            self.assertEqual(tups, {("hawaii", cordelia.full_name)})
            return tups

        # test userhotspot
        @getter
        def get_user_hotspots(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            user_id = get_user_id(r, "King Hamlet")
            hotspots = UserHotspot.objects.filter(user_id=user_id)
            user_hotspots = {hotspot.hotspot for hotspot in hotspots}
            return user_hotspots

        # test muted topics
        @getter
        def get_muted_topics(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            user_profile_id = get_user_id(r, "King Hamlet")
            muted_topics = UserTopic.objects.filter(
                user_profile_id=user_profile_id, visibility_policy=UserTopic.VisibilityPolicy.MUTED
            )
            topic_names = {muted_topic.topic_name for muted_topic in muted_topics}
            return topic_names

        @getter
        def get_muted_users(r: Realm) -> Set[Tuple[str, str, str]]:
            mute_objects = MutedUser.objects.filter(user_profile__realm=r)
            muter_tuples = {
                (
                    mute_object.user_profile.full_name,
                    mute_object.muted_user.full_name,
                    str(mute_object.date_muted),
                )
                for mute_object in mute_objects
            }
            return muter_tuples

        @getter
        def get_user_group_names(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            return {group.name for group in UserGroup.objects.filter(realm=r)}

        @getter
        def get_user_membership(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            usergroup = UserGroup.objects.get(realm=r, name="hamletcharacters")
            usergroup_membership = UserGroupMembership.objects.filter(user_group=usergroup)
            users = {membership.user_profile.email for membership in usergroup_membership}
            return users

        @getter
        def get_group_group_membership(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            usergroup = UserGroup.objects.get(realm=r, name="role:members")
            group_group_membership = GroupGroupMembership.objects.filter(supergroup=usergroup)
            subgroups = {membership.subgroup.name for membership in group_group_membership}
            return subgroups

        @getter
        def get_user_group_direct_members(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            # We already check the members of the group through UserGroupMembership
            # objects, but we also want to check direct_members field is set
            # correctly since we do not include this in export data.
            usergroup = UserGroup.objects.get(realm=r, name="hamletcharacters")
            direct_members = usergroup.direct_members.all()
            direct_member_emails = {user.email for user in direct_members}
            return direct_member_emails

        @getter
        def get_user_group_direct_subgroups(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            # We already check the subgroups of the group through GroupGroupMembership
            # objects, but we also want to check that direct_subgroups field is set
            # correctly since we do not include this in export data.
            usergroup = UserGroup.objects.get(realm=r, name="role:members")
            direct_subgroups = usergroup.direct_subgroups.all()
            direct_subgroup_names = {group.name for group in direct_subgroups}
            return direct_subgroup_names

        @getter
        def get_user_group_can_mention_group_setting(r: Realm) -> str:
            user_group = UserGroup.objects.get(realm=r, name="hamletcharacters")
            return user_group.can_mention_group.name

        # test botstoragedata and botconfigdata
        @getter
        def get_botstoragedata(r: Realm) -> Dict[str, object]:
            bot_profile = UserProfile.objects.get(full_name="bot", realm=r)
            bot_storage_data = BotStorageData.objects.get(bot_profile=bot_profile)
            return {"key": bot_storage_data.key, "data": bot_storage_data.value}

        @getter
        def get_botconfigdata(r: Realm) -> Dict[str, object]:
            bot_profile = UserProfile.objects.get(full_name="bot", realm=r)
            bot_config_data = BotConfigData.objects.get(bot_profile=bot_profile)
            return {"key": bot_config_data.key, "data": bot_config_data.value}

        # test messages
        def get_stream_messages(r: Realm) -> QuerySet[Message]:
            recipient = get_recipient_stream(r)
            messages = Message.objects.filter(realm_id=r.id, recipient=recipient)
            return messages

        @getter
        def get_stream_topics(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            messages = get_stream_messages(r)
            topics = {m.topic_name() for m in messages}
            return topics

        # test usermessages
        @getter
        def get_usermessages_user(r: Realm) -> Set[str]:
            messages = get_stream_messages(r).order_by("content")
            usermessage = UserMessage.objects.filter(message=messages[0])
            usermessage_user = {um.user_profile.email for um in usermessage}
            return usermessage_user

        # tests to make sure that various data-*-ids in rendered_content
        # are replaced correctly with the values of newer realm.

        @getter
        def get_user_mention(r: Realm) -> str:
            mentioned_user = UserProfile.objects.get(
                delivery_email=self.example_email("hamlet"), realm=r
            )
            data_user_id = f'data-user-id="{mentioned_user.id}"'
            mention_message = get_stream_messages(r).get(rendered_content__contains=data_user_id)
            return mention_message.content

        @getter
        def get_stream_mention(r: Realm) -> str:
            mentioned_stream = get_stream("Denmark", r)
            data_stream_id = f'data-stream-id="{mentioned_stream.id}"'
            mention_message = get_stream_messages(r).get(rendered_content__contains=data_stream_id)
            return mention_message.content

        @getter
        def get_user_group_mention(r: Realm) -> str:
            user_group = UserGroup.objects.get(realm=r, name="hamletcharacters")
            data_usergroup_id = f'data-user-group-id="{user_group.id}"'
            mention_message = get_stream_messages(r).get(
                rendered_content__contains=data_usergroup_id
            )
            return mention_message.content

        @getter
        def get_userpresence_timestamp(r: Realm) -> Set[object]:
            # It should be sufficient to compare UserPresence timestamps to verify
            # they got exported/imported correctly.
            return set(
                UserPresence.objects.filter(realm=r).values_list(
                    "last_active_time", "last_connected_time"
                )
            )

        @getter
        def get_realm_user_default_values(r: Realm) -> Dict[str, object]:
            realm_user_default = RealmUserDefault.objects.get(realm=r)
            return {
                "default_language": realm_user_default.default_language,
                "twenty_four_hour_time": realm_user_default.twenty_four_hour_time,
            }

        return getters

    def test_import_realm_with_invalid_email_addresses_fails_validation(self) -> None:
        realm = get_realm("zulip")

        self.export_realm(realm)
        data = read_json("realm.json")

        data["zerver_userprofile"][0]["delivery_email"] = "invalid_email_address"

        output_dir = get_output_dir()
        full_fn = os.path.join(output_dir, "realm.json")
        with open(full_fn, "wb") as f:
            f.write(orjson.dumps(data))

        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError), self.assertLogs(level="INFO"):
            do_import_realm(output_dir, "test-zulip")

        # Now test a weird case where delivery_email is valid, but .email is not.
        # Such data should never reasonably get generated, but we should still
        # be defensive against it (since it can still happen due to bugs or manual edition
        # of export files in an attempt to get us to import malformed data).
        self.export_realm(realm)
        data = read_json("realm.json")
        data["zerver_userprofile"][0]["email"] = "invalid_email_address"

        output_dir = get_output_dir()
        full_fn = os.path.join(output_dir, "realm.json")
        with open(full_fn, "wb") as f:
            f.write(orjson.dumps(data))

        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError), self.assertLogs(level="INFO"):
            do_import_realm(output_dir, "test-zulip2")

    def test_import_realm_with_no_realm_user_default_table(self) -> None:
        original_realm = Realm.objects.get(string_id="zulip")

        RealmUserDefault.objects.get(realm=original_realm).delete()
        self.export_realm(original_realm)

        with self.settings(BILLING_ENABLED=False), self.assertLogs(level="INFO"):
            do_import_realm(get_output_dir(), "test-zulip")

        self.assertTrue(Realm.objects.filter(string_id="test-zulip").exists())
        imported_realm = Realm.objects.get(string_id="test-zulip")

        # RealmUserDefault table with default values is created, if it is not present in
        # the import data.
        self.assertTrue(RealmUserDefault.objects.filter(realm=imported_realm).exists())

        realm_user_default = RealmUserDefault.objects.get(realm=imported_realm)
        self.assertEqual(realm_user_default.default_language, "en")
        self.assertEqual(realm_user_default.twenty_four_hour_time, False)

    @override_settings(PUSH_NOTIFICATION_BOUNCER_URL="https://push.zulip.org.example.com")
    def test_import_realm_notify_bouncer(self) -> None:
        original_realm = Realm.objects.get(string_id="zulip")

        self.export_realm(original_realm)

        with self.settings(BILLING_ENABLED=False), self.assertLogs(level="INFO"), patch(
            "zerver.lib.remote_server.send_to_push_bouncer"
        ) as m:
            new_realm = do_import_realm(get_output_dir(), "test-zulip")

        self.assertTrue(Realm.objects.filter(string_id="test-zulip").exists())
        calls_args_for_assert = m.call_args_list[0][0]
        self.assertEqual(calls_args_for_assert[0], "POST")
        self.assertEqual(calls_args_for_assert[1], "server/analytics")
        self.assertIn(
            new_realm.id, [realm["id"] for realm in json.loads(m.call_args_list[0][0][2]["realms"])]
        )

    def test_import_files_from_local(self) -> None:
        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
        realm = user.realm

        self.upload_files_for_user(user)
        self.upload_files_for_realm(user)

        self.export_realm(realm)

        with self.settings(BILLING_ENABLED=False), self.assertLogs(level="INFO"):
            do_import_realm(get_output_dir(), "test-zulip")
        imported_realm = Realm.objects.get(string_id="test-zulip")

        # Test attachments
        uploaded_file = Attachment.objects.get(realm=imported_realm)
        self.assert_length(b"zulip!", uploaded_file.size)

        assert settings.LOCAL_UPLOADS_DIR is not None
        assert settings.LOCAL_FILES_DIR is not None
        assert settings.LOCAL_AVATARS_DIR is not None

        attachment_file_path = os.path.join(settings.LOCAL_FILES_DIR, uploaded_file.path_id)
        self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(attachment_file_path))

        # Test emojis
        realm_emoji = RealmEmoji.objects.get(realm=imported_realm)
        emoji_path = RealmEmoji.PATH_ID_TEMPLATE.format(
            realm_id=imported_realm.id,
            emoji_file_name=realm_emoji.file_name,
        )
        emoji_file_path = os.path.join(settings.LOCAL_AVATARS_DIR, emoji_path)
        self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(emoji_file_path))

        # Test avatars
        user_profile = UserProfile.objects.get(full_name=user.full_name, realm=imported_realm)
        avatar_path_id = user_avatar_path(user_profile) + ".original"
        avatar_file_path = os.path.join(settings.LOCAL_AVATARS_DIR, avatar_path_id)
        self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(avatar_file_path))

        # Test realm icon and logo
        upload_path = upload.upload_backend.realm_avatar_and_logo_path(imported_realm)
        full_upload_path = os.path.join(settings.LOCAL_AVATARS_DIR, upload_path)

        test_image_data = read_test_image_file("img.png")
        self.assertIsNotNone(test_image_data)

        with open(os.path.join(full_upload_path, "icon.original"), "rb") as f:
            self.assertEqual(f.read(), test_image_data)
        self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(os.path.join(full_upload_path, "icon.png")))
        self.assertEqual(imported_realm.icon_source, Realm.ICON_UPLOADED)

        with open(os.path.join(full_upload_path, "logo.original"), "rb") as f:
            self.assertEqual(f.read(), test_image_data)
        self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(os.path.join(full_upload_path, "logo.png")))
        self.assertEqual(imported_realm.logo_source, Realm.LOGO_UPLOADED)

        with open(os.path.join(full_upload_path, "night_logo.original"), "rb") as f:
            self.assertEqual(f.read(), test_image_data)
        self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(os.path.join(full_upload_path, "night_logo.png")))
        self.assertEqual(imported_realm.night_logo_source, Realm.LOGO_UPLOADED)

    @use_s3_backend
    def test_import_files_from_s3(self) -> None:
        uploads_bucket, avatar_bucket = create_s3_buckets(
            settings.S3_AUTH_UPLOADS_BUCKET, settings.S3_AVATAR_BUCKET
        )

        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
        realm = user.realm

        self.upload_files_for_realm(user)
        self.upload_files_for_user(user)
        self.export_realm(realm)

        with self.settings(BILLING_ENABLED=False), self.assertLogs(level="INFO"):
            do_import_realm(get_output_dir(), "test-zulip")

        imported_realm = Realm.objects.get(string_id="test-zulip")
        test_image_data = read_test_image_file("img.png")

        # Test attachments
        uploaded_file = Attachment.objects.get(realm=imported_realm)
        self.assert_length(b"zulip!", uploaded_file.size)

        attachment_content = uploads_bucket.Object(uploaded_file.path_id).get()["Body"].read()
        self.assertEqual(b"zulip!", attachment_content)

        # Test emojis
        realm_emoji = RealmEmoji.objects.get(realm=imported_realm)
        emoji_path = RealmEmoji.PATH_ID_TEMPLATE.format(
            realm_id=imported_realm.id,
            emoji_file_name=realm_emoji.file_name,
        )
        emoji_key = avatar_bucket.Object(emoji_path)
        self.assertIsNotNone(emoji_key.get()["Body"].read())
        self.assertEqual(emoji_key.key, emoji_path)

        # Test avatars
        user_profile = UserProfile.objects.get(full_name=user.full_name, realm=imported_realm)
        avatar_path_id = user_avatar_path(user_profile) + ".original"
        original_image_key = avatar_bucket.Object(avatar_path_id)
        self.assertEqual(original_image_key.key, avatar_path_id)
        image_data = avatar_bucket.Object(avatar_path_id).get()["Body"].read()
        self.assertEqual(image_data, test_image_data)

        # Test realm icon and logo
        upload_path = upload.upload_backend.realm_avatar_and_logo_path(imported_realm)

        original_icon_path_id = os.path.join(upload_path, "icon.original")
        original_icon_key = avatar_bucket.Object(original_icon_path_id)
        self.assertEqual(original_icon_key.get()["Body"].read(), test_image_data)
        resized_icon_path_id = os.path.join(upload_path, "icon.png")
        resized_icon_key = avatar_bucket.Object(resized_icon_path_id)
        self.assertEqual(resized_icon_key.key, resized_icon_path_id)
        self.assertEqual(imported_realm.icon_source, Realm.ICON_UPLOADED)

        original_logo_path_id = os.path.join(upload_path, "logo.original")
        original_logo_key = avatar_bucket.Object(original_logo_path_id)
        self.assertEqual(original_logo_key.get()["Body"].read(), test_image_data)
        resized_logo_path_id = os.path.join(upload_path, "logo.png")
        resized_logo_key = avatar_bucket.Object(resized_logo_path_id)
        self.assertEqual(resized_logo_key.key, resized_logo_path_id)
        self.assertEqual(imported_realm.logo_source, Realm.LOGO_UPLOADED)

        night_logo_original_path_id = os.path.join(upload_path, "night_logo.original")
        night_logo_original_key = avatar_bucket.Object(night_logo_original_path_id)
        self.assertEqual(night_logo_original_key.get()["Body"].read(), test_image_data)
        resized_night_logo_path_id = os.path.join(upload_path, "night_logo.png")
        resized_night_logo_key = avatar_bucket.Object(resized_night_logo_path_id)
        self.assertEqual(resized_night_logo_key.key, resized_night_logo_path_id)
        self.assertEqual(imported_realm.night_logo_source, Realm.LOGO_UPLOADED)

    def test_get_incoming_message_ids(self) -> None:
        import_dir = os.path.join(
            settings.DEPLOY_ROOT, "zerver", "tests", "fixtures", "import_fixtures"
        )
        message_ids = get_incoming_message_ids(
            import_dir=import_dir,
            sort_by_date=True,
        )

        self.assertEqual(message_ids, [888, 999, 555])

        message_ids = get_incoming_message_ids(
            import_dir=import_dir,
            sort_by_date=False,
        )

        self.assertEqual(message_ids, [555, 888, 999])

    def test_plan_type(self) -> None:
        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
        realm = user.realm
        do_change_realm_plan_type(realm, Realm.PLAN_TYPE_LIMITED, acting_user=None)

        self.upload_files_for_user(user)
        self.export_realm(realm)

        with self.settings(BILLING_ENABLED=True), self.assertLogs(level="INFO"):
            imported_realm = do_import_realm(get_output_dir(), "test-zulip-1")
            self.assertEqual(imported_realm.plan_type, Realm.PLAN_TYPE_LIMITED)
            self.assertEqual(imported_realm.max_invites, 100)
            self.assertEqual(imported_realm.upload_quota_gb, 5)
            self.assertEqual(imported_realm.message_visibility_limit, 10000)
            self.assertTrue(
                RealmAuditLog.objects.filter(
                    realm=imported_realm, event_type=RealmAuditLog.REALM_PLAN_TYPE_CHANGED
                ).exists()
            )

        # Importing the same export data twice would cause conflict on unique fields,
        # so instead re-export the original realm via self.export_realm, which handles
        # this issue.
        self.export_realm(realm)

        with self.settings(BILLING_ENABLED=False), self.assertLogs(level="INFO"):
            imported_realm = do_import_realm(get_output_dir(), "test-zulip-2")
            self.assertEqual(imported_realm.plan_type, Realm.PLAN_TYPE_SELF_HOSTED)
            self.assertEqual(imported_realm.max_invites, 100)
            self.assertEqual(imported_realm.upload_quota_gb, None)
            self.assertEqual(imported_realm.message_visibility_limit, None)
            self.assertTrue(
                RealmAuditLog.objects.filter(
                    realm=imported_realm, event_type=RealmAuditLog.REALM_PLAN_TYPE_CHANGED
                ).exists()
            )

    def test_system_usergroup_audit_logs(self) -> None:
        realm = get_realm("zulip")
        self.export_realm(realm)

        # Simulate an external export where user groups are missing.
        data = read_json("realm.json")
        data.pop("zerver_usergroup")
        data.pop("zerver_realmauditlog")

        # User groups data is missing. So, all the realm group based settings
        # should be None.
        for setting_name in Realm.REALM_PERMISSION_GROUP_SETTINGS:
            data["zerver_realm"][0][setting_name] = None

        with open(export_fn("realm.json"), "wb") as f:
            f.write(orjson.dumps(data))

        with self.assertLogs(level="INFO"):
            imported_realm = do_import_realm(get_output_dir(), "test-zulip-1")
        user_membership_logs = RealmAuditLog.objects.filter(
            realm=imported_realm,
            event_type=RealmAuditLog.USER_GROUP_DIRECT_USER_MEMBERSHIP_ADDED,
        ).values_list("modified_user_id", "modified_user_group__name")
        logged_membership_by_user_id = defaultdict(set)
        for user_id, user_group_name in user_membership_logs:
            logged_membership_by_user_id[user_id].add(user_group_name)

        # Make sure that all users get logged as a member in their
        # corresponding system groups.
        for user in UserProfile.objects.filter(realm=imported_realm):
            expected_group_names = {UserGroup.SYSTEM_USER_GROUP_ROLE_MAP[user.role]["name"]}
            if SystemGroups.MEMBERS in expected_group_names:
                expected_group_names.add(SystemGroups.FULL_MEMBERS)
            self.assertSetEqual(logged_membership_by_user_id[user.id], expected_group_names)


class SingleUserExportTest(ExportFile):
    def do_files_test(self, is_s3: bool) -> None:
        output_dir = make_export_output_dir()

        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
        othello = self.example_user("othello")

        self.upload_files_for_user(cordelia)
        self.upload_files_for_user(othello, emoji_name="bogus")  # try to pollute export

        with self.assertLogs(level="INFO"):
            do_export_user(cordelia, output_dir)

        self.verify_uploads(cordelia, is_s3=is_s3)
        self.verify_avatars(cordelia)
        self.verify_emojis(cordelia, is_s3=is_s3)

    def test_local_files(self) -> None:
        self.do_files_test(is_s3=False)

    @use_s3_backend
    def test_s3_files(self) -> None:
        create_s3_buckets(settings.S3_AUTH_UPLOADS_BUCKET, settings.S3_AVATAR_BUCKET)
        self.do_files_test(is_s3=True)

    def test_message_data(self) -> None:
        hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet")
        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
        othello = self.example_user("othello")
        polonius = self.example_user("polonius")

        self.subscribe(cordelia, "Denmark")

        smile_message_id = self.send_stream_message(hamlet, "Denmark", "SMILE!")

        check_add_reaction(
            user_profile=cordelia,
            message_id=smile_message_id,
            emoji_name="smile",
            emoji_code=None,
            reaction_type=None,
        )
        reaction = Reaction.objects.order_by("id").last()
        assert reaction

        # Send a message that Cordelia should not have in the export.
        self.send_stream_message(othello, "Denmark", "bogus")

        hi_stream_message_id = self.send_stream_message(cordelia, "Denmark", "hi stream")
        assert most_recent_usermessage(cordelia).message_id == hi_stream_message_id

        # Try to fool the export again
        self.send_personal_message(othello, hamlet)
        self.send_huddle_message(othello, [hamlet, polonius])

        hi_hamlet_message_id = self.send_personal_message(cordelia, hamlet, "hi hamlet")

        hi_peeps_message_id = self.send_huddle_message(cordelia, [hamlet, othello], "hi peeps")
        bye_peeps_message_id = self.send_huddle_message(othello, [cordelia, hamlet], "bye peeps")

        bye_hamlet_message_id = self.send_personal_message(cordelia, hamlet, "bye hamlet")

        hi_myself_message_id = self.send_personal_message(cordelia, cordelia, "hi myself")
        bye_stream_message_id = self.send_stream_message(cordelia, "Denmark", "bye stream")

        output_dir = make_export_output_dir()
        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")

        with self.assertLogs(level="INFO"):
            do_export_user(cordelia, output_dir)

        messages = read_json("messages-000001.json")

        huddle_name = "Cordelia, Lear's daughter, King Hamlet, Othello, the Moor of Venice"

        excerpt = [
            (rec["id"], rec["content"], rec["recipient_name"])
            for rec in messages["zerver_message"][-8:]
        ]
        self.assertEqual(
            excerpt,
            [
                (smile_message_id, "SMILE!", "Denmark"),
                (hi_stream_message_id, "hi stream", "Denmark"),
                (hi_hamlet_message_id, "hi hamlet", hamlet.full_name),
                (hi_peeps_message_id, "hi peeps", huddle_name),
                (bye_peeps_message_id, "bye peeps", huddle_name),
                (bye_hamlet_message_id, "bye hamlet", hamlet.full_name),
                (hi_myself_message_id, "hi myself", cordelia.full_name),
                (bye_stream_message_id, "bye stream", "Denmark"),
            ],
        )

    def test_user_data(self) -> None:
        # We register checkers during test setup, and then we call them at the end.
        checkers = {}

        def checker(f: Callable[[List[Record]], None]) -> Callable[[List[Record]], None]:
            # Every checker function that gets decorated here should be named
            # after one of the tables that we export in the single-user
            # export. The table name then is used by code toward the end of the
            # test to determine which portion of the data from users.json
            # to pass into the checker.
            table_name = f.__name__
            assert table_name not in checkers
            checkers[table_name] = f
            return f

        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
        hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet")
        othello = self.example_user("othello")
        realm = cordelia.realm
        scotland = get_stream("Scotland", realm)
        client = get_client("some_app")
        now = timezone_now()

        @checker
        def zerver_userprofile(records: List[Record]) -> None:
            (rec,) = records
            self.assertEqual(rec["id"], cordelia.id)
            self.assertEqual(rec["email"], cordelia.email)
            self.assertEqual(rec["full_name"], cordelia.full_name)

        """
        Try to set up the test data roughly in order of table name, where
        possible, just to make it a bit easier to read the test.
        """

        do_add_alert_words(cordelia, ["pizza"])
        do_add_alert_words(hamlet, ["bogus"])

        @checker
        def zerver_alertword(records: List[Record]) -> None:
            self.assertEqual(records[-1]["word"], "pizza")

        favorite_city = try_add_realm_custom_profile_field(
            realm,
            "Favorite city",
            CustomProfileField.SHORT_TEXT,
        )

        def set_favorite_city(user: UserProfile, city: str) -> None:
            do_update_user_custom_profile_data_if_changed(
                user, [dict(id=favorite_city.id, value=city)]
            )

        set_favorite_city(cordelia, "Seattle")
        set_favorite_city(othello, "Moscow")

        @checker
        def zerver_customprofilefieldvalue(records: List[Record]) -> None:
            (rec,) = records
            self.assertEqual(rec["field"], favorite_city.id)
            self.assertEqual(rec["rendered_value"], "<p>Seattle</p>")

        do_mute_user(cordelia, othello)
        do_mute_user(hamlet, cordelia)  # should be ignored

        @checker
        def zerver_muteduser(records: List[Record]) -> None:
            self.assertEqual(records[-1]["muted_user"], othello.id)

        smile_message_id = self.send_stream_message(hamlet, "Denmark")

        check_add_reaction(
            user_profile=cordelia,
            message_id=smile_message_id,
            emoji_name="smile",
            emoji_code=None,
            reaction_type=None,
        )
        reaction = Reaction.objects.order_by("id").last()

        @checker
        def zerver_reaction(records: List[Record]) -> None:
            assert reaction
            (exported_reaction,) = records
            self.assertEqual(
                exported_reaction,
                dict(
                    id=reaction.id,
                    user_profile=cordelia.id,
                    emoji_name="smile",
                    reaction_type="unicode_emoji",
                    emoji_code=reaction.emoji_code,
                    message=smile_message_id,
                ),
            )

        self.subscribe(cordelia, "Scotland")

        create_stream_if_needed(realm, "bogus")
        self.subscribe(othello, "bogus")

        @checker
        def zerver_recipient(records: List[Record]) -> None:
            last_recipient = Recipient.objects.get(id=records[-1]["id"])
            self.assertEqual(last_recipient.type, Recipient.STREAM)
            stream_id = last_recipient.type_id
            self.assertEqual(stream_id, get_stream("Scotland", realm).id)

        @checker
        def zerver_stream(records: List[Record]) -> None:
            streams = {rec["name"] for rec in records}
            self.assertEqual(streams, {"Scotland", "Verona"})

        @checker
        def zerver_subscription(records: List[Record]) -> None:
            last_recipient = Recipient.objects.get(id=records[-1]["recipient"])
            self.assertEqual(last_recipient.type, Recipient.STREAM)
            stream_id = last_recipient.type_id
            self.assertEqual(stream_id, get_stream("Scotland", realm).id)

        do_update_user_activity(cordelia.id, client.id, "/some/endpoint", 2, now)
        do_update_user_activity(cordelia.id, client.id, "/some/endpoint", 3, now)
        do_update_user_activity(othello.id, client.id, "/bogus", 20, now)

        @checker
        def zerver_useractivity(records: List[Record]) -> None:
            (rec,) = records
            self.assertEqual(
                rec,
                dict(
                    client=client.id,
                    count=5,
                    id=rec["id"],
                    last_visit=rec["last_visit"],
                    query="/some/endpoint",
                    user_profile=cordelia.id,
                ),
            )
            self.assertEqual(make_datetime(rec["last_visit"]), now)

        do_update_user_activity_interval(cordelia, now)
        do_update_user_activity_interval(othello, now)

        @checker
        def zerver_useractivityinterval(records: List[Record]) -> None:
            (rec,) = records
            self.assertEqual(rec["user_profile"], cordelia.id)
            self.assertEqual(make_datetime(rec["start"]), now)

        do_update_user_presence(cordelia, client, now, UserPresence.LEGACY_STATUS_ACTIVE_INT)
        do_update_user_presence(othello, client, now, UserPresence.LEGACY_STATUS_IDLE_INT)

        @checker
        def zerver_userpresence(records: List[Record]) -> None:
            self.assertEqual(make_datetime(records[-1]["last_connected_time"]), now)
            self.assertEqual(make_datetime(records[-1]["last_active_time"]), now)

        do_update_user_status(
            user_profile=cordelia,
            away=None,
            status_text="on vacation",
            client_id=client.id,
            emoji_name=None,
            emoji_code=None,
            reaction_type=None,
        )

        do_update_user_status(
            user_profile=othello,
            away=False,
            status_text="at my desk",
            client_id=client.id,
            emoji_name=None,
            emoji_code=None,
            reaction_type=None,
        )

        @checker
        def zerver_userstatus(records: List[Record]) -> None:
            rec = records[-1]
            self.assertEqual(rec["status_text"], "on vacation")

        do_set_user_topic_visibility_policy(
            cordelia,
            scotland,
            "bagpipe music",
            visibility_policy=UserTopic.VisibilityPolicy.MUTED,
        )
        do_set_user_topic_visibility_policy(
            othello, scotland, "nessie", visibility_policy=UserTopic.VisibilityPolicy.MUTED
        )

        @checker
        def zerver_usertopic(records: List[Record]) -> None:
            rec = records[-1]
            self.assertEqual(rec["topic_name"], "bagpipe music")
            self.assertEqual(rec["visibility_policy"], UserTopic.VisibilityPolicy.MUTED)

        """
        For some tables we don't bother with super realistic test data
        setup.
        """
        UserCount.objects.create(
            user=cordelia, realm=realm, property="whatever", value=42, end_time=now
        )
        UserCount.objects.create(
            user=othello, realm=realm, property="bogus", value=999999, end_time=now
        )

        @checker
        def analytics_usercount(records: List[Record]) -> None:
            (rec,) = records
            self.assertEqual(rec["value"], 42)

        UserHotspot.objects.create(user=cordelia, hotspot="topics")
        UserHotspot.objects.create(user=othello, hotspot="bogus")

        @checker
        def zerver_userhotspot(records: List[Record]) -> None:
            self.assertEqual(records[-1]["hotspot"], "topics")

        """
        The zerver_realmauditlog checker basically assumes that
        we subscribed Cordelia to Scotland.
        """

        @checker
        def zerver_realmauditlog(records: List[Record]) -> None:
            self.assertEqual(records[-1]["modified_stream"], scotland.id)

        output_dir = make_export_output_dir()

        with self.assertLogs(level="INFO"):
            do_export_user(cordelia, output_dir)

        user = read_json("user.json")

        for table_name, f in checkers.items():
            f(user[table_name])

        for table_name in user:
            if table_name not in checkers:
                raise AssertionError(
                    f"""
                    Please create a checker called "{table_name}"
                    to check the user["{table_name}"] data in users.json.

                    Please be thoughtful about where you introduce
                    the new code--if you read the test, the patterns
                    for how to test table data should be clear.
                    Try to mostly keep checkers in alphabetical order.
                    """
                )