zulip/zerver/tests/test_link_embed.py

from collections import OrderedDict
from typing import Any, Optional, Union
from unittest import mock
from urllib.parse import parse_qsl, urlencode, urlsplit, urlunsplit

import responses
from django.test import override_settings
from django.utils.html import escape
from pyoembed.providers import get_provider
from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError

from zerver.lib.cache import NotFoundInCache, cache_set, preview_url_cache_key
from zerver.lib.camo import get_camo_url
from zerver.lib.queue import queue_json_publish
from zerver.lib.test_classes import ZulipTestCase
from zerver.lib.test_helpers import mock_queue_publish
from zerver.lib.url_preview.oembed import get_oembed_data, strip_cdata
from zerver.lib.url_preview.parsers import GenericParser, OpenGraphParser
from zerver.lib.url_preview.preview import get_link_embed_data, link_embed_data_from_cache
from zerver.models import Message, Realm, UserProfile
from zerver.worker.queue_processors import FetchLinksEmbedData

TEST_CACHES = {
    "default": {
        "BACKEND": "django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache",
        "LOCATION": "default",
    },
    "database": {
        "BACKEND": "django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache",
        "LOCATION": "url-preview",
    },
    "in-memory": {
        "BACKEND": "django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache",
        "LOCATION": "url-preview",
    },
}


def reconstruct_url(url: str, maxwidth: int = 640, maxheight: int = 480) -> str:
    # The following code is taken from
    # https://github.com/rafaelmartins/pyoembed/blob/master/pyoembed/__init__.py.
    # This is a helper function which will be indirectly use to mock the HTTP responses.
    provider = get_provider(str(url))
    oembed_url = provider.oembed_url(url)
    scheme, netloc, path, query_string, fragment = urlsplit(oembed_url)

    query_params = OrderedDict(parse_qsl(query_string))
    query_params["maxwidth"] = str(maxwidth)
    query_params["maxheight"] = str(maxheight)
    final_url = urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, path, urlencode(query_params, True), fragment))
    return final_url


@override_settings(INLINE_URL_EMBED_PREVIEW=True)
class OembedTestCase(ZulipTestCase):
    @responses.activate
    def test_present_provider(self) -> None:
        response_data = {
            "type": "rich",
            "thumbnail_url": "https://scontent.cdninstagram.com/t51.2885-15/n.jpg",
            "thumbnail_width": 640,
            "thumbnail_height": 426,
            "title": "NASA",
            "html": "<p>test</p>",
            "version": "1.0",
            "width": 658,
            "height": 400,
        }
        url = "http://instagram.com/p/BLtI2WdAymy"
        reconstructed_url = reconstruct_url(url)
        responses.add(
            responses.GET,
            reconstructed_url,
            json=response_data,
            status=200,
        )

        data = get_oembed_data(url)
        self.assertIsInstance(data, dict)
        self.assertIn("title", data)
        assert data is not None  # allow mypy to infer data is indexable
        self.assertEqual(data["title"], response_data["title"])

    @responses.activate
    def test_photo_provider(self) -> None:
        response_data = {
            "type": "photo",
            "thumbnail_url": "https://scontent.cdninstagram.com/t51.2885-15/n.jpg",
            "url": "https://scontent.cdninstagram.com/t51.2885-15/n.jpg",
            "thumbnail_width": 640,
            "thumbnail_height": 426,
            "title": "NASA",
            "html": "<p>test</p>",
            "version": "1.0",
            "width": 658,
            "height": 400,
        }
        # pyoembed.providers.imgur only works with http:// URLs, not https:// (!)
        url = "http://imgur.com/photo/158727223"
        reconstructed_url = reconstruct_url(url)
        responses.add(
            responses.GET,
            reconstructed_url,
            json=response_data,
            status=200,
        )

        data = get_oembed_data(url)
        self.assertIsInstance(data, dict)
        self.assertIn("title", data)
        assert data is not None  # allow mypy to infer data is indexable
        self.assertEqual(data["title"], response_data["title"])
        self.assertTrue(data["oembed"])

    @responses.activate
    def test_video_provider(self) -> None:
        response_data = {
            "type": "video",
            "thumbnail_url": "https://scontent.cdninstagram.com/t51.2885-15/n.jpg",
            "thumbnail_width": 640,
            "thumbnail_height": 426,
            "title": "NASA",
            "html": "<p>test</p>",
            "version": "1.0",
            "width": 658,
            "height": 400,
        }
        url = "http://blip.tv/video/158727223"
        reconstructed_url = reconstruct_url(url)
        responses.add(
            responses.GET,
            reconstructed_url,
            json=response_data,
            status=200,
        )

        data = get_oembed_data(url)
        self.assertIsInstance(data, dict)
        self.assertIn("title", data)
        assert data is not None  # allow mypy to infer data is indexable
        self.assertEqual(data["title"], response_data["title"])

    @responses.activate
    def test_connect_error_request(self) -> None:
        url = "http://instagram.com/p/BLtI2WdAymy"
        reconstructed_url = reconstruct_url(url)
        responses.add(responses.GET, reconstructed_url, body=ConnectionError())
        data = get_oembed_data(url)
        self.assertIsNone(data)

    @responses.activate
    def test_400_error_request(self) -> None:
        url = "http://instagram.com/p/BLtI2WdAymy"
        reconstructed_url = reconstruct_url(url)
        responses.add(responses.GET, reconstructed_url, status=400)
        data = get_oembed_data(url)
        self.assertIsNone(data)

    @responses.activate
    def test_500_error_request(self) -> None:
        url = "http://instagram.com/p/BLtI2WdAymy"
        reconstructed_url = reconstruct_url(url)
        responses.add(responses.GET, reconstructed_url, status=500)
        data = get_oembed_data(url)
        self.assertIsNone(data)

    @responses.activate
    def test_invalid_json_in_response(self) -> None:
        url = "http://instagram.com/p/BLtI2WdAymy"
        reconstructed_url = reconstruct_url(url)
        responses.add(
            responses.GET,
            reconstructed_url,
            json="{invalid json}",
            status=200,
        )
        data = get_oembed_data(url)
        self.assertIsNone(data)

    def test_oembed_html(self) -> None:
        html = '<iframe src="//www.instagram.com/embed.js"></iframe>'
        stripped_html = strip_cdata(html)
        self.assertEqual(html, stripped_html)

    def test_autodiscovered_oembed_xml_format_html(self) -> None:
        iframe_content = '<iframe src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player"></iframe>'
        html = f"<![CDATA[{iframe_content}]]>"
        stripped_html = strip_cdata(html)
        self.assertEqual(iframe_content, stripped_html)


class OpenGraphParserTestCase(ZulipTestCase):
    def test_page_with_og(self) -> None:
        html = b"""<html>
          <head>
          <meta property="og:title" content="The Rock" />
          <meta property="og:type" content="video.movie" />
          <meta property="og:url" content="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0117500/" />
          <meta property="og:image" content="http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/rock.jpg" />
          <meta property="og:description" content="The Rock film" />
          </head>
        </html>"""

        parser = OpenGraphParser(html, "text/html; charset=UTF-8")
        result = parser.extract_data()
        self.assertIn("title", result)
        self.assertEqual(result["title"], "The Rock")
        self.assertEqual(result.get("description"), "The Rock film")

    def test_page_with_evil_og_tags(self) -> None:
        html = b"""<html>
          <head>
          <meta property="og:title" content="The Rock" />
          <meta property="og:type" content="video.movie" />
          <meta property="og:url" content="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0117500/" />
          <meta property="og:image" content="http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/rock.jpg" />
          <meta property="og:description" content="The Rock film" />
          <meta property="og:html" content="<script>alert(window.location)</script>" />
          <meta property="og:oembed" content="True" />
          </head>
        </html>"""

        parser = OpenGraphParser(html, "text/html; charset=UTF-8")
        result = parser.extract_data()
        self.assertIn("title", result)
        self.assertEqual(result["title"], "The Rock")
        self.assertEqual(result.get("description"), "The Rock film")
        self.assertEqual(result.get("oembed"), None)
        self.assertEqual(result.get("html"), None)

    def test_charset_in_header(self) -> None:
        html = """<html>
          <head>
            <meta property="og:title" content="中文" />
          </head>
        </html>""".encode(
            "big5"
        )
        parser = OpenGraphParser(html, "text/html; charset=Big5")
        result = parser.extract_data()
        self.assertEqual(result["title"], "中文")

    def test_charset_in_meta(self) -> None:
        html = """<html>
          <head>
            <meta content-type="text/html; charset=Big5" />
            <meta property="og:title" content="中文" />
          </head>
        </html>""".encode(
            "big5"
        )
        parser = OpenGraphParser(html, "text/html")
        result = parser.extract_data()
        self.assertEqual(result["title"], "中文")


class GenericParserTestCase(ZulipTestCase):
    def test_parser(self) -> None:
        html = b"""
          <html>
            <head><title>Test title</title></head>
            <body>
                <h1>Main header</h1>
                <p>Description text</p>
            </body>
          </html>
        """
        parser = GenericParser(html, "text/html; charset=UTF-8")
        result = parser.extract_data()
        self.assertEqual(result.get("title"), "Test title")
        self.assertEqual(result.get("description"), "Description text")

    def test_extract_image(self) -> None:
        html = b"""
          <html>
            <body>
                <h1>Main header</h1>
                <img data-src="Not an image">
                <img src="http://test.com/test.jpg">
                <div>
                    <p>Description text</p>
                </div>
            </body>
          </html>
        """
        parser = GenericParser(html, "text/html; charset=UTF-8")
        result = parser.extract_data()
        self.assertEqual(result.get("title"), "Main header")
        self.assertEqual(result.get("description"), "Description text")
        self.assertEqual(result.get("image"), "http://test.com/test.jpg")

    def test_extract_description(self) -> None:
        html = b"""
          <html>
            <body>
                <div>
                    <div>
                        <p>Description text</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </body>
          </html>
        """
        parser = GenericParser(html, "text/html; charset=UTF-8")
        result = parser.extract_data()
        self.assertEqual(result.get("description"), "Description text")

        html = b"""
          <html>
            <head><meta name="description" content="description 123"</head>
            <body></body>
          </html>
        """
        parser = GenericParser(html, "text/html; charset=UTF-8")
        result = parser.extract_data()
        self.assertEqual(result.get("description"), "description 123")

        html = b"<html><body></body></html>"
        parser = GenericParser(html, "text/html; charset=UTF-8")
        result = parser.extract_data()
        self.assertIsNone(result.get("description"))


class PreviewTestCase(ZulipTestCase):
    open_graph_html = """
          <html>
            <head>
                <title>Test title</title>
                <meta property="og:title" content="The Rock" />
                <meta property="og:type" content="video.movie" />
                <meta property="og:url" content="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0117500/" />
                <meta property="og:image" content="http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/rock.jpg" />
                <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="30" />
                <meta property="notog:extra-text" content="Extra!" />
            </head>
            <body>
                <h1>Main header</h1>
                <p>Description text</p>
            </body>
          </html>
        """

    def setUp(self) -> None:
        super().setUp()
        Realm.objects.all().update(inline_url_embed_preview=True)

    @classmethod
    def create_mock_response(
        cls,
        url: str,
        status: int = 200,
        relative_url: bool = False,
        content_type: str = "text/html",
        body: Optional[Union[str, ConnectionError]] = None,
    ) -> None:
        if body is None:
            body = cls.open_graph_html
        if relative_url is True and isinstance(body, str):
            body = body.replace("http://ia.media-imdb.com", "")
        responses.add(responses.GET, url, body=body, status=status, content_type=content_type)

    @responses.activate
    @override_settings(INLINE_URL_EMBED_PREVIEW=True)
    def test_edit_message_history(self) -> None:
        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
        self.login_user(user)
        msg_id = self.send_stream_message(
            user, "Scotland", topic_name="editing", content="original"
        )

        url = "http://test.org/"
        self.create_mock_response(url)

        with mock_queue_publish("zerver.lib.actions.queue_json_publish") as patched:
            result = self.client_patch(
                "/json/messages/" + str(msg_id),
                {
                    "message_id": msg_id,
                    "content": url,
                },
            )
            self.assert_json_success(result)
            patched.assert_called_once()
            queue = patched.call_args[0][0]
            self.assertEqual(queue, "embed_links")
            event = patched.call_args[0][1]

        with self.settings(TEST_SUITE=False, CACHES=TEST_CACHES):
            with self.assertLogs(level="INFO") as info_logs:
                FetchLinksEmbedData().consume(event)
            self.assertTrue(
                "INFO:root:Time spent on get_link_embed_data for http://test.org/: "
                in info_logs.output[0]
            )

        embedded_link = f'<a href="{url}" title="The Rock">The Rock</a>'
        msg = Message.objects.select_related("sender").get(id=msg_id)
        self.assertIn(embedded_link, msg.rendered_content)

    @responses.activate
    @override_settings(INLINE_URL_EMBED_PREVIEW=True)
    def _send_message_with_test_org_url(
        self, sender: UserProfile, queue_should_run: bool = True, relative_url: bool = False
    ) -> Message:
        url = "http://test.org/"
        with mock_queue_publish("zerver.lib.actions.queue_json_publish") as patched:
            msg_id = self.send_personal_message(
                sender,
                self.example_user("cordelia"),
                content=url,
            )
            if queue_should_run:
                patched.assert_called_once()
                queue = patched.call_args[0][0]
                self.assertEqual(queue, "embed_links")
                event = patched.call_args[0][1]
            else:
                patched.assert_not_called()
                # If we nothing was put in the queue, we don't need to
                # run the queue processor or any of the following code
                return Message.objects.select_related("sender").get(id=msg_id)

        # Verify the initial message doesn't have the embedded links rendered
        msg = Message.objects.select_related("sender").get(id=msg_id)
        self.assertNotIn(f'<a href="{url}" title="The Rock">The Rock</a>', msg.rendered_content)

        self.create_mock_response(url, relative_url=relative_url)

        # Run the queue processor to potentially rerender things
        with self.settings(TEST_SUITE=False, CACHES=TEST_CACHES):
            with self.assertLogs(level="INFO") as info_logs:
                FetchLinksEmbedData().consume(event)
            self.assertTrue(
                "INFO:root:Time spent on get_link_embed_data for http://test.org/: "
                in info_logs.output[0]
            )

        msg = Message.objects.select_related("sender").get(id=msg_id)
        return msg

    @responses.activate
    @override_settings(INLINE_URL_EMBED_PREVIEW=True)
    def test_message_update_race_condition(self) -> None:
        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
        self.login_user(user)
        original_url = "http://test.org/"
        edited_url = "http://edited.org/"
        with mock_queue_publish("zerver.lib.actions.queue_json_publish") as patched:
            msg_id = self.send_stream_message(
                user, "Scotland", topic_name="foo", content=original_url
            )
            patched.assert_called_once()
            queue = patched.call_args[0][0]
            self.assertEqual(queue, "embed_links")
            event = patched.call_args[0][1]

        def wrapped_queue_json_publish(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
            self.create_mock_response(original_url)
            self.create_mock_response(edited_url)

            with self.settings(TEST_SUITE=False, CACHES=TEST_CACHES):
                with self.assertLogs(level="INFO") as info_logs:
                    # Run the queue processor. This will simulate the event for original_url being
                    # processed after the message has been edited.
                    FetchLinksEmbedData().consume(event)
            self.assertTrue(
                "INFO:root:Time spent on get_link_embed_data for http://test.org/: "
                in info_logs.output[0]
            )
            msg = Message.objects.select_related("sender").get(id=msg_id)
            # The content of the message has changed since the event for original_url has been created,
            # it should not be rendered. Another, up-to-date event will have been sent (edited_url).
            self.assertNotIn(
                f'<a href="{original_url}" title="The Rock">The Rock</a>', msg.rendered_content
            )

            self.assertTrue(responses.assert_call_count(edited_url, 0))

            with self.settings(TEST_SUITE=False, CACHES=TEST_CACHES):
                with self.assertLogs(level="INFO") as info_logs:
                    # Now proceed with the original queue_json_publish and call the
                    # up-to-date event for edited_url.
                    queue_json_publish(*args, **kwargs)
                    msg = Message.objects.select_related("sender").get(id=msg_id)
                    self.assertIn(
                        f'<a href="{edited_url}" title="The Rock">The Rock</a>',
                        msg.rendered_content,
                    )
            self.assertTrue(
                "INFO:root:Time spent on get_link_embed_data for http://edited.org/: "
                in info_logs.output[0]
            )

        with mock_queue_publish(
            "zerver.lib.actions.queue_json_publish", wraps=wrapped_queue_json_publish
        ):
            result = self.client_patch(
                "/json/messages/" + str(msg_id),
                {
                    "message_id": msg_id,
                    "content": edited_url,
                },
            )
            self.assert_json_success(result)

    def test_get_link_embed_data(self) -> None:
        url = "http://test.org/"
        embedded_link = f'<a href="{url}" title="The Rock">The Rock</a>'

        # When humans send, we should get embedded content.
        msg = self._send_message_with_test_org_url(sender=self.example_user("hamlet"))
        self.assertIn(embedded_link, msg.rendered_content)

        # We don't want embedded content for bots.
        msg = self._send_message_with_test_org_url(
            sender=self.example_user("webhook_bot"), queue_should_run=False
        )
        self.assertNotIn(embedded_link, msg.rendered_content)

        # Try another human to make sure bot failure was due to the
        # bot sending the message and not some other reason.
        msg = self._send_message_with_test_org_url(sender=self.example_user("prospero"))
        self.assertIn(embedded_link, msg.rendered_content)

    def test_inline_url_embed_preview(self) -> None:
        with_preview = '<p><a href="http://test.org/">http://test.org/</a></p>\n<div class="message_embed"><a class="message_embed_image" href="http://test.org/" style="background-image: url(http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/rock.jpg)"></a><div class="data-container"><div class="message_embed_title"><a href="http://test.org/" title="The Rock">The Rock</a></div><div class="message_embed_description">Description text</div></div></div>'
        without_preview = '<p><a href="http://test.org/">http://test.org/</a></p>'
        msg = self._send_message_with_test_org_url(sender=self.example_user("hamlet"))
        self.assertEqual(msg.rendered_content, with_preview)

        realm = msg.get_realm()
        setattr(realm, "inline_url_embed_preview", False)
        realm.save()

        msg = self._send_message_with_test_org_url(
            sender=self.example_user("prospero"), queue_should_run=False
        )
        self.assertEqual(msg.rendered_content, without_preview)

    @override_settings(INLINE_URL_EMBED_PREVIEW=True)
    def test_inline_relative_url_embed_preview(self) -> None:
        # Relative URLs should not be sent for URL preview.
        with mock_queue_publish("zerver.lib.actions.queue_json_publish") as patched:
            self.send_personal_message(
                self.example_user("prospero"),
                self.example_user("cordelia"),
                content="http://zulip.testserver/api/",
            )
            patched.assert_not_called()

    def test_inline_url_embed_preview_with_relative_image_url(self) -> None:
        with_preview_relative = '<p><a href="http://test.org/">http://test.org/</a></p>\n<div class="message_embed"><a class="message_embed_image" href="http://test.org/" style="background-image: url(http://test.org/images/rock.jpg)"></a><div class="data-container"><div class="message_embed_title"><a href="http://test.org/" title="The Rock">The Rock</a></div><div class="message_embed_description">Description text</div></div></div>'
        # Try case where the Open Graph image is a relative URL.
        msg = self._send_message_with_test_org_url(
            sender=self.example_user("prospero"), relative_url=True
        )
        self.assertEqual(msg.rendered_content, with_preview_relative)

    @responses.activate
    def test_http_error_get_data(self) -> None:
        url = "http://test.org/"
        msg_id = self.send_personal_message(
            self.example_user("hamlet"),
            self.example_user("cordelia"),
            content=url,
        )
        msg = Message.objects.select_related("sender").get(id=msg_id)
        event = {
            "message_id": msg_id,
            "urls": [url],
            "message_realm_id": msg.sender.realm_id,
            "message_content": url,
        }

        self.create_mock_response(url, body=ConnectionError())

        with self.settings(INLINE_URL_EMBED_PREVIEW=True, TEST_SUITE=False, CACHES=TEST_CACHES):
            with self.assertLogs(level="INFO") as info_logs:
                FetchLinksEmbedData().consume(event)
            self.assertTrue(
                "INFO:root:Time spent on get_link_embed_data for http://test.org/: "
                in info_logs.output[0]
            )

        msg = Message.objects.get(id=msg_id)
        self.assertEqual(
            '<p><a href="http://test.org/">http://test.org/</a></p>', msg.rendered_content
        )

    def test_invalid_link(self) -> None:
        with self.settings(INLINE_URL_EMBED_PREVIEW=True, TEST_SUITE=False, CACHES=TEST_CACHES):
            self.assertIsNone(get_link_embed_data("com.notvalidlink"))
            self.assertIsNone(get_link_embed_data("μένει.com.notvalidlink"))

    def test_link_embed_data_from_cache(self) -> None:
        url = "http://test.org/"
        link_embed_data = "test data"

        with self.assertRaises(NotFoundInCache):
            link_embed_data_from_cache(url)

        with self.settings(CACHES=TEST_CACHES):
            key = preview_url_cache_key(url)
            cache_set(key, link_embed_data, "database")
            self.assertEqual(link_embed_data, link_embed_data_from_cache(url))

    @responses.activate
    @override_settings(INLINE_URL_EMBED_PREVIEW=True)
    def test_link_preview_non_html_data(self) -> None:
        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
        self.login_user(user)
        url = "http://test.org/audio.mp3"
        with mock_queue_publish("zerver.lib.actions.queue_json_publish") as patched:
            msg_id = self.send_stream_message(user, "Scotland", topic_name="foo", content=url)
            patched.assert_called_once()
            queue = patched.call_args[0][0]
            self.assertEqual(queue, "embed_links")
            event = patched.call_args[0][1]

        content_type = "application/octet-stream"
        self.create_mock_response(url, content_type=content_type)

        with self.settings(TEST_SUITE=False, CACHES=TEST_CACHES):
            with self.assertLogs(level="INFO") as info_logs:
                FetchLinksEmbedData().consume(event)
                cached_data = link_embed_data_from_cache(url)
            self.assertTrue(
                "INFO:root:Time spent on get_link_embed_data for http://test.org/audio.mp3: "
                in info_logs.output[0]
            )

        self.assertIsNone(cached_data)
        msg = Message.objects.select_related("sender").get(id=msg_id)
        self.assertEqual(
            ('<p><a href="http://test.org/audio.mp3">' "http://test.org/audio.mp3</a></p>"),
            msg.rendered_content,
        )

    @responses.activate
    @override_settings(INLINE_URL_EMBED_PREVIEW=True)
    def test_link_preview_no_open_graph_image(self) -> None:
        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
        self.login_user(user)
        url = "http://test.org/foo.html"
        with mock_queue_publish("zerver.lib.actions.queue_json_publish") as patched:
            msg_id = self.send_stream_message(user, "Scotland", topic_name="foo", content=url)
            patched.assert_called_once()
            queue = patched.call_args[0][0]
            self.assertEqual(queue, "embed_links")
            event = patched.call_args[0][1]

        # HTML without the og:image metadata
        html = "\n".join(
            line for line in self.open_graph_html.splitlines() if "og:image" not in line
        )
        self.create_mock_response(url, body=html)
        with self.settings(TEST_SUITE=False, CACHES=TEST_CACHES):
            with self.assertLogs(level="INFO") as info_logs:
                FetchLinksEmbedData().consume(event)
                cached_data = link_embed_data_from_cache(url)
            self.assertTrue(
                "INFO:root:Time spent on get_link_embed_data for http://test.org/foo.html: "
                in info_logs.output[0]
            )

        self.assertIn("title", cached_data)
        self.assertNotIn("image", cached_data)
        msg = Message.objects.select_related("sender").get(id=msg_id)
        self.assertEqual(
            ('<p><a href="http://test.org/foo.html">' "http://test.org/foo.html</a></p>"),
            msg.rendered_content,
        )

    @responses.activate
    @override_settings(INLINE_URL_EMBED_PREVIEW=True)
    def test_link_preview_open_graph_image_missing_content(self) -> None:
        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
        self.login_user(user)
        url = "http://test.org/foo.html"
        with mock_queue_publish("zerver.lib.actions.queue_json_publish") as patched:
            msg_id = self.send_stream_message(user, "Scotland", topic_name="foo", content=url)
            patched.assert_called_once()
            queue = patched.call_args[0][0]
            self.assertEqual(queue, "embed_links")
            event = patched.call_args[0][1]

        # HTML without the og:image metadata
        html = "\n".join(
            line if "og:image" not in line else '<meta property="og:image"/>'
            for line in self.open_graph_html.splitlines()
        )
        self.create_mock_response(url, body=html)
        with self.settings(TEST_SUITE=False, CACHES=TEST_CACHES):
            with self.assertLogs(level="INFO") as info_logs:
                FetchLinksEmbedData().consume(event)
                cached_data = link_embed_data_from_cache(url)
            self.assertTrue(
                "INFO:root:Time spent on get_link_embed_data for http://test.org/foo.html: "
                in info_logs.output[0]
            )

        self.assertIn("title", cached_data)
        self.assertNotIn("image", cached_data)
        msg = Message.objects.select_related("sender").get(id=msg_id)
        self.assertEqual(
            ('<p><a href="http://test.org/foo.html">' "http://test.org/foo.html</a></p>"),
            msg.rendered_content,
        )

    @responses.activate
    @override_settings(INLINE_URL_EMBED_PREVIEW=True)
    def test_link_preview_no_content_type_header(self) -> None:
        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
        self.login_user(user)
        url = "http://test.org/"
        with mock_queue_publish("zerver.lib.actions.queue_json_publish") as patched:
            msg_id = self.send_stream_message(user, "Scotland", topic_name="foo", content=url)
            patched.assert_called_once()
            queue = patched.call_args[0][0]
            self.assertEqual(queue, "embed_links")
            event = patched.call_args[0][1]

        self.create_mock_response(url)
        with self.settings(TEST_SUITE=False, CACHES=TEST_CACHES):
            with self.assertLogs(level="INFO") as info_logs:
                FetchLinksEmbedData().consume(event)
                data = link_embed_data_from_cache(url)
            self.assertTrue(
                "INFO:root:Time spent on get_link_embed_data for http://test.org/: "
                in info_logs.output[0]
            )

        self.assertIn("title", data)
        self.assertIn("image", data)

        msg = Message.objects.select_related("sender").get(id=msg_id)
        self.assertIn(data["title"], msg.rendered_content)
        self.assertIn(data["image"], msg.rendered_content)

    @responses.activate
    @override_settings(INLINE_URL_EMBED_PREVIEW=True)
    def test_valid_content_type_error_get_data(self) -> None:
        url = "http://test.org/"
        with mock_queue_publish("zerver.lib.actions.queue_json_publish"):
            msg_id = self.send_personal_message(
                self.example_user("hamlet"),
                self.example_user("cordelia"),
                content=url,
            )
        msg = Message.objects.select_related("sender").get(id=msg_id)
        event = {
            "message_id": msg_id,
            "urls": [url],
            "message_realm_id": msg.sender.realm_id,
            "message_content": url,
        }

        self.create_mock_response(url, body=ConnectionError())

        with mock.patch(
            "zerver.lib.url_preview.preview.get_oembed_data",
            side_effect=lambda *args, **kwargs: None,
        ):
            with mock.patch(
                "zerver.lib.url_preview.preview.valid_content_type", side_effect=lambda k: True
            ):
                with self.settings(TEST_SUITE=False, CACHES=TEST_CACHES):
                    with self.assertLogs(level="INFO") as info_logs:
                        FetchLinksEmbedData().consume(event)
                    self.assertTrue(
                        "INFO:root:Time spent on get_link_embed_data for http://test.org/: "
                        in info_logs.output[0]
                    )

                    with self.assertRaises(NotFoundInCache):
                        link_embed_data_from_cache(url)

        msg.refresh_from_db()
        self.assertEqual(
            '<p><a href="http://test.org/">http://test.org/</a></p>', msg.rendered_content
        )

    @responses.activate
    @override_settings(INLINE_URL_EMBED_PREVIEW=True)
    def test_invalid_url(self) -> None:
        url = "http://test.org/"
        error_url = "http://test.org/x"
        with mock_queue_publish("zerver.lib.actions.queue_json_publish"):
            msg_id = self.send_personal_message(
                self.example_user("hamlet"),
                self.example_user("cordelia"),
                content=error_url,
            )
        msg = Message.objects.select_related("sender").get(id=msg_id)
        event = {
            "message_id": msg_id,
            "urls": [error_url],
            "message_realm_id": msg.sender.realm_id,
            "message_content": error_url,
        }

        self.create_mock_response(error_url, status=404)
        with self.settings(TEST_SUITE=False, CACHES=TEST_CACHES):
            with self.assertLogs(level="INFO") as info_logs:
                FetchLinksEmbedData().consume(event)
            self.assertTrue(
                "INFO:root:Time spent on get_link_embed_data for http://test.org/x: "
                in info_logs.output[0]
            )
            cached_data = link_embed_data_from_cache(error_url)

        # FIXME: Should we really cache this, especially without cache invalidation?
        self.assertIsNone(cached_data)
        msg.refresh_from_db()
        self.assertEqual(
            '<p><a href="http://test.org/x">http://test.org/x</a></p>', msg.rendered_content
        )
        self.assertTrue(responses.assert_call_count(url, 0))

    @responses.activate
    @override_settings(INLINE_URL_EMBED_PREVIEW=True)
    def test_safe_oembed_html_url(self) -> None:
        url = "http://test.org/"
        with mock_queue_publish("zerver.lib.actions.queue_json_publish"):
            msg_id = self.send_personal_message(
                self.example_user("hamlet"),
                self.example_user("cordelia"),
                content=url,
            )
        msg = Message.objects.select_related("sender").get(id=msg_id)
        event = {
            "message_id": msg_id,
            "urls": [url],
            "message_realm_id": msg.sender.realm_id,
            "message_content": url,
        }

        mocked_data = {
            "html": f'<iframe src="{url}"></iframe>',
            "oembed": True,
            "type": "video",
            "image": f"{url}/image.png",
        }
        self.create_mock_response(url)
        with self.settings(TEST_SUITE=False, CACHES=TEST_CACHES):
            with self.assertLogs(level="INFO") as info_logs:
                with mock.patch(
                    "zerver.lib.url_preview.preview.get_oembed_data",
                    lambda *args, **kwargs: mocked_data,
                ):
                    FetchLinksEmbedData().consume(event)
                    data = link_embed_data_from_cache(url)
            self.assertTrue(
                "INFO:root:Time spent on get_link_embed_data for http://test.org/: "
                in info_logs.output[0]
            )

        self.assertEqual(data, mocked_data)
        msg.refresh_from_db()
        self.assertIn('a data-id="{}"'.format(escape(mocked_data["html"])), msg.rendered_content)

    @responses.activate
    @override_settings(INLINE_URL_EMBED_PREVIEW=True)
    def test_youtube_url_title_replaces_url(self) -> None:
        url = "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSJTXC7Ixgg"
        with mock_queue_publish("zerver.lib.actions.queue_json_publish"):
            msg_id = self.send_personal_message(
                self.example_user("hamlet"),
                self.example_user("cordelia"),
                content=url,
            )
        msg = Message.objects.select_related("sender").get(id=msg_id)
        event = {
            "message_id": msg_id,
            "urls": [url],
            "message_realm_id": msg.sender.realm_id,
            "message_content": url,
        }

        mocked_data = {"title": "Clearer Code at Scale - Static Types at Zulip and Dropbox"}
        self.create_mock_response(url)
        with self.settings(TEST_SUITE=False, CACHES=TEST_CACHES):
            with self.assertLogs(level="INFO") as info_logs:
                with mock.patch(
                    "zerver.lib.markdown.link_preview.link_embed_data_from_cache",
                    lambda *args, **kwargs: mocked_data,
                ):
                    FetchLinksEmbedData().consume(event)
            self.assertTrue(
                "INFO:root:Time spent on get_link_embed_data for https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSJTXC7Ixgg:"
                in info_logs.output[0]
            )

        msg.refresh_from_db()
        expected_content = f"""<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSJTXC7Ixgg">YouTube - Clearer Code at Scale - Static Types at Zulip and Dropbox</a></p>\n<div class="youtube-video message_inline_image"><a data-id="eSJTXC7Ixgg" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSJTXC7Ixgg"><img src="{get_camo_url("https://i.ytimg.com/vi/eSJTXC7Ixgg/default.jpg")}"></a></div>"""
        self.assertEqual(expected_content, msg.rendered_content)

    @responses.activate
    @override_settings(INLINE_URL_EMBED_PREVIEW=True)
    def test_custom_title_replaces_youtube_url_title(self) -> None:
        url = "[YouTube link](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSJTXC7Ixgg)"
        with mock_queue_publish("zerver.lib.actions.queue_json_publish"):
            msg_id = self.send_personal_message(
                self.example_user("hamlet"),
                self.example_user("cordelia"),
                content=url,
            )
        msg = Message.objects.select_related("sender").get(id=msg_id)
        event = {
            "message_id": msg_id,
            "urls": [url],
            "message_realm_id": msg.sender.realm_id,
            "message_content": url,
        }

        mocked_data = {"title": "Clearer Code at Scale - Static Types at Zulip and Dropbox"}
        self.create_mock_response(url)
        with self.settings(TEST_SUITE=False, CACHES=TEST_CACHES):
            with self.assertLogs(level="INFO") as info_logs:
                with mock.patch(
                    "zerver.lib.markdown.link_preview.link_embed_data_from_cache",
                    lambda *args, **kwargs: mocked_data,
                ):
                    FetchLinksEmbedData().consume(event)
            self.assertTrue(
                "INFO:root:Time spent on get_link_embed_data for [YouTube link](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSJTXC7Ixgg):"
                in info_logs.output[0]
            )

        msg.refresh_from_db()
        expected_content = f"""<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSJTXC7Ixgg">YouTube link</a></p>\n<div class="youtube-video message_inline_image"><a data-id="eSJTXC7Ixgg" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSJTXC7Ixgg"><img src="{get_camo_url("https://i.ytimg.com/vi/eSJTXC7Ixgg/default.jpg")}"></a></div>"""
        self.assertEqual(expected_content, msg.rendered_content)