zulip/docs/production/modify.md

# Modify Zulip

Zulip is 100% free and open source software, and you're welcome to
modify it! This section explains how to make and maintain
modifications in a safe and convenient fashion.

If you do modify Zulip and then report an issue you see in your
modified version of Zulip, please be responsible about communicating
that fact:

- Ideally, you'd reproduce the issue in an unmodified version (e.g., in
  [the Zulip development community](https://zulip.com/development-community/) or on
  [zulip.com](https://zulip.com)).
- Where that is difficult or you think it's very unlikely your changes
  are related to the issue, just mention your changes in the issue report.

If you're looking to modify Zulip by applying changes developed by the
Zulip core team and merged into `main`, skip to [this
section](#applying-changes-from-main).

## Making changes

One way to modify Zulip is to just edit files under
`/home/zulip/deployments/current` and then restart the server. This
can work OK for testing small changes to Python code or shell scripts.
But we don't recommend this approach for maintaining changes because:

- You cannot modify JavaScript, CSS, or other frontend files this way,
  because we don't include them in editable form in our production
  release tarballs (doing so would make our release tarballs much
  larger without any runtime benefit).
- You will need to redo your changes after you next upgrade your Zulip
  server (or they will be lost).
- You need to remember to restart the server or your changes won't
  have effect.
- Your changes aren't tracked, so mistakes can be hard to debug.

Instead, we recommend the following GitHub-based workflow (see [our
Git guide][git-guide] if you need a primer):

- Decide where you're going to edit Zulip's code. We recommend [using
  the Zulip development environment](../development/overview.md) on
  a desktop or laptop as it will make it extremely convenient for you
  to test your changes without deploying them in production. But if
  your changes are small or you're OK with risking downtime, you don't
  strictly need it; you just need an environment with Git installed.
- **Important**. Determine what Zulip version you're running on your
  server. You can check by inspecting `ZULIP_VERSION` in
  `/home/zulip/deployments/current/version.py` (we'll use `2.0.4`
  below). If you apply your changes to the wrong version of Zulip,
  it's likely to fail and potentially cause downtime.
- [Fork and clone][fork-clone] the [zulip/zulip][] repository on
  [GitHub](https://github.com).
- Create a branch (named `acme-branch` below) containing your changes:

```bash
cd zulip
git checkout -b acme-branch 2.0.4
```

- Use your favorite code editor to modify Zulip.
- Commit your changes and push them to GitHub:

```bash
git commit -a

# Use `git diff` to verify your changes are what you expect
git diff 2.0.4 acme-branch

# Push the changes to your GitHub fork
git push origin +acme-branch
```

- Log in to your Zulip server and configure and use
  [upgrade-zulip-from-git][] to install the changes; remember to
  configure `git_repo_url` to point to your fork on GitHub and run it as
  `upgrade-zulip-from-git acme-branch`.

This workflow solves all of the problems described above: your change
will be compiled and installed correctly (restarting the server), and
your changes will be tracked so that it's convenient to maintain them
across future Zulip releases.

### Upgrading to future releases

Eventually, you'll want to upgrade to a new Zulip release. If your
changes were integrated into that Zulip release or are otherwise no
longer needed, you can just [upgrade as
usual](upgrade.md#upgrading-to-a-release). If you [upgraded to
`main`](#upgrading-to-main); review that section again; new
maintenance releases are likely "older" than your current installation
and you might need to upgrade to `main` again rather than to the
new maintenance release.

Otherwise, you'll need to update your branch by rebasing your changes
(starting from a [clone][fork-clone] of the [zulip/zulip][]
repository). The example below assumes you have a branch off of 2.0.4
and want to upgrade to 2.1.0.

```bash
cd zulip
git fetch --tags upstream
git checkout acme-branch
git rebase --onto 2.1.0 2.0.4
# Fix any errors or merge conflicts; see Zulip's Git guide for advice

# Use `git diff` to verify your changes are what you expect
git diff 2.1.0 acme-branch

git push origin +acme-branch
```

And then use [upgrade-zulip-from-git][] to install your updated
branch, as before.

### Making changes with docker-zulip

If you are using [docker-zulip][], there are two things that are
different from the above:

- Because of how container images work, editing files directly is even
  more precarious, because Docker is designed for working with
  container images and may lose your changes.
- Instead of running `upgrade-zulip-from-git`, you will need to use
  the [docker upgrade workflow][docker-zulip-upgrade] to build a
  container image based on your modified version of Zulip.

[docker-zulip]: https://github.com/zulip/docker-zulip
[docker-zulip-upgrade]: https://github.com/zulip/docker-zulip#upgrading-from-a-git-repository

## Applying changes from `main`

If you are experiencing an issue that has already been fixed by the
Zulip development community, and you'd like to get the fix now, you
have a few options. There are two possible ways you might get those
fixes on your local Zulip server without waiting for an official release.

### Applying a small change

Many bugs have small/simple fixes. In this case, you can use the Git
workflow [described above](#making-changes), using:

```bash
git fetch upstream
git cherry-pick abcd1234
```

instead of "making changes locally" (where `abcd1234` is the commit ID
of the change you'd like).

In general, we can't provide unpaid support for issues caused by
cherry-picking arbitrary commits if the issues don't also affect
`main` or an official release.

The exception to this rule is when we ask or encourage a user to apply
a change to their production system to help verify the fix resolves
the issue for them. You can expect the Zulip community to be
responsive in debugging any problems caused by a patch we asked
you to apply.

Also, consider asking whether a small fix that is important to you can
be added to the current stable release branch (e.g., `2.1.x`). In
addition to scheduling that change for Zulip's next bug fix release,
we support changes in stable release branches as though they were
released.

### Upgrading to `main`

Many Zulip servers (including chat.zulip.org and zulip.com) upgrade to
`main` on a regular basis to get the latest features. Before doing
so, it's important to understand how to happily run a server based on
`main`.

For background, backporting arbitrary patches from `main` to an older
version requires some care. Common issues include:

- Changes containing database migrations (new files under
  `*/migrations/`), which includes most new features. We
  don't support applying database migrations out of order.
- Changes that are stacked on top of other changes to the same system.
- Essentially any patch with hundreds of lines of changes will have
  merge conflicts and require extra work to apply.

While it's possible to backport these sorts of changes, you're
unlikely to succeed without help from the core team via a support
contract.

If you need an unreleased feature, the best path is usually to
upgrade to Zulip `main` using [upgrade-zulip-from-git][]. Before
upgrading to `main`, make sure you understand:

- In Zulip's version numbering scheme, `main` will always be "newer"
  than the latest maintenance release (e.g., `3.1` or `2.1.6`) and
  "older" than the next major release (e.g., `3.0` or `4.0`).
- The `main` branch is under very active development; dozens of new
  changes are integrated into it on most days. The `main` branch
  can have thousands of changes not present in the latest release (all
  of which will be included in our next major release). On average
  `main` usually has fewer total bugs than the latest release
  (because we fix hundreds of bugs in every major release) but it
  might have some bugs that are more severe than we would consider
  acceptable for a release.
- We deploy `main` to chat.zulip.org and zulip.com on a regular
  basis (often daily), so it's very important to the project that it
  be stable. Most regressions will be minor UX issues or be fixed
  quickly, because we need them to be fixed for Zulip Cloud.
- The development community is very interested in helping debug issues
  that arise when upgrading from the latest release to `main`, since
  they provide us an opportunity to fix that category of issue before
  our next major release. (Much more so than we are in helping folks
  debug other custom changes). That said, we cannot make any
  guarantees about how quickly we'll resolve an issue to folks without
  a formal support contract.
- We do not support downgrading from `main` to earlier versions, so
  if downtime for your Zulip server is unacceptable, make sure you
  have a current
  [backup](export-and-import.md#backups) in case the
  upgrade fails.
- Our changelog contains [draft release
  notes](../overview/changelog.md) available listing major changes
  since the last release. The **Upgrade notes** section will always
  be current, even if some new features aren't documented.
- Whenever we push a security or maintenance release, the changes in
  that release will always be merged to `main`; so you can get the
  security fixes by upgrading to `main`.
- You can always upgrade from `main` to the next major release when it
  comes out, using either [upgrade-zulip-from-git][] or the release
  tarball. So there's no risk of upgrading to `main` resulting in
  a system that's not upgradeable back to a normal release.

## Contributing patches

Zulip contains thousands of changes submitted by volunteer
contributors like you. If your changes are likely to be of useful to
other organizations, consider [contributing
them](../contributing/contributing.md).

[fork-clone]: ../git/cloning.md#get-zulip-code
[upgrade-zulip-from-git]: ./upgrade.md#upgrading-from-a-git-repository
[git-guide]: ../git/index.md
[zulip/zulip]: https://github.com/zulip/zulip/