zulip/docs/testing/continuous-integration.md

# Continuous integration (CI)

The Zulip server uses [CircleCI](https://circleci.com/) for continuous
integration. CircleCI runs frontend, backend and end-to-end production
installer tests. This page documents useful tools and tips when using
CircleCI and debugging issues with it.

## Goals

The overall goal of our CI is to avoid regressions and minimize the
total time spent debugging Zulip.  We do that by trying to catch as
many possible future bugs as possible, while minimizing both latency
and false positives, both of which can waste a lot of developer time.
There are a few implications of this overall goal:

* If a test is failing nondeterministically in CI, we consider that to
be an urgent problem.
* If the tests become a lot slower, that is also an urgent problem.
* Everything we do in CI should also have a way to run it quickly
(under 1 minute, preferably under 3 seconds), in order to iterate fast
in development. Except when working on the CI configuration itself, a
developer should never have to repeatedly wait 10 minutes for a full CI
run to iteratively debug something.

## CircleCI

### Useful debugging tips and tools

* Zulip uses the `ts` tool to log the current time on every line of
the output in our CircleCI scripts.  You can use this output to
determine which steps are actually consuming a lot of time.

* You can [sign up your personal repo for CircleCI][circleci-setup] so
that every remote branch you push will be tested, which can be helpful
when debugging something complicated.

* With your personal repo signed up, CircleCI
[allows you to SSH][circleci-ssh] into the job container if a job
fails. SSHing into the containers can be helpful, especially in rare
cases where the tests are passing in your computer but failing in the
CI. Make sure that you have uploaded your SSH keys to GitHub: CircleCI
uses those SSH keys for authentication.

[docker-hub]: https://hub.docker.com/
[circleci-setup]: ../git/cloning.html#step-3-configure-continuous-integration-for-your-fork
[circleci-ssh]: https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/ssh-access-jobs/

### Suites

The main CircleCI configuration file defining how the tests are run is
[./circleci/config.yml][circleci-config].  Our code for running the
tests in CI lives under `tools/ci`; but they are mostly thin wrappers
around [Zulip's test suites](../testing/testing.md) or production
installer tooling.

[circleci-config]: https://github.com/zulip/zulip/blob/master/.circleci/config.yml

We run multiple jobs during a CircleCI build to run Zulip's test
suites on our supported production platforms. They are currently:

* bionic-backend-frontend
* focal-backend

Each runs the Zulip backend test suites, using the indicated
platform/OS.  As suggested by the names, only one
suite runs the frontend test suites, since those are not
platform-dependent.

Additionally, there a couple jobs designed to do an end-to-end test on
Zulip's production installer:

* bionic-production-build
* bionic-production-install
* xenial-legacy

The `production-build` job builds a Zulip release tarball, which is
then installed in a fresh container in the `production-install` job;
various Nagios and other checks are run to confirm the installation
worked.

The xenial-legacy tests are just designed to ensure we give the right
error messages when trying to install or upgrade a Xenial system to
master.

### Configuration

The remaining details in this section are primarily relevant for doing
development on our CI system and/or provisioning process.

The first key of the job section is `docker`. The docker key specifies
the image CircleCI should get from [Docker Hub][docker-hub] for running
the job. Once CircleCI fetches the image from Docker Hub, it will spin
up a docker container. See [images](#images) section to know more about
the images we use in CircleCI for testing.

After booting the container from the configured image, CircleCI will
create the directory mentioned in `working_directory` and all the
steps are be run from here.

The `steps` section describes describes everything: fetching the Zulip
code, provisioning, fetching caught data, running tests and uploading
coverage reports. The steps with prefix `*` reference aliases, which
are defined in the `aliases` section at the top of the file.

### Images

CircleCI tests are run in containers that are spun off from the images
maintained by Zulip team. The Dockerfiles for the various images can be
generated by running `./tools/ci/generate-dockerfiles`. This command
will generate the Dockerfiles of the three Ubuntu releases in
`./tools/ci/images/{release_name}` directories. Take a look at
`./tools/ci/images.yml` to see how the Dockerfiles for the three
releases differ from each other. To further generate images from the
Dockerfiles and upload it to Docker Hub follow the instructions in the
generated Dockerfiles.

### Performance optimizations

#### Caching

An important element of making CircleCI perform effectively is caching
between jobs the various caches that live under `/srv/` in a Zulip
development or production environment.  In particular, we cache the
following:

* Python virtualenvs
* node_modules directories

This has a huge impact on the performance of running tests in CircleCI
CI; without these caches, the average test time would be several times
longer.

We have designed these caches carefully (they are also used in
production and the Zulip development environment) to ensure that each
is named by a hash of its dependencies and ubuntu distribution name,
so Zulip should always be using the same version of dependencies it
would have used had the cache not existed.  In practice, bugs are
always possible, so be mindful of this possibility.

A consequence of this caching is that test jobs for branches which
modify `package.json`, `requirements/`, and other key dependencies
will be significantly slower than normal, because they won't get to
benefit from the cache.