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klipper-dgus/lib/can2040/can2040.c

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// Software CANbus implementation for rp2040
//
// Copyright (C) 2022 Kevin O'Connor <kevin@koconnor.net>
//
// This file may be distributed under the terms of the GNU GPLv3 license.
#include <stdint.h> // uint32_t
#include <string.h> // memset
#include "RP2040.h" // hw_set_bits
#include "can2040.h" // can2040_setup
#include "hardware/regs/dreq.h" // DREQ_PIO0_RX1
#include "hardware/structs/dma.h" // dma_hw
#include "hardware/structs/iobank0.h" // iobank0_hw
#include "hardware/structs/padsbank0.h" // padsbank0_hw
#include "hardware/structs/pio.h" // pio0_hw
#include "hardware/structs/resets.h" // RESETS_RESET_PIO0_BITS
/****************************************************************
* rp2040 and low-level helper functions
****************************************************************/
// Helper compiler definitions
#define barrier() __asm__ __volatile__("": : :"memory")
#define likely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
#define unlikely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
#define ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]))
#define DIV_ROUND_UP(n,d) (((n) + (d) - 1) / (d))
// Helper functions for writing to "io" memory
static inline void writel(void *addr, uint32_t val) {
barrier();
*(volatile uint32_t *)addr = val;
}
static inline uint32_t readl(const void *addr) {
uint32_t val = *(volatile const uint32_t *)addr;
barrier();
return val;
}
// rp2040 helper function to clear a hardware reset bit
static void
rp2040_clear_reset(uint32_t reset_bit)
{
if (resets_hw->reset & reset_bit) {
hw_clear_bits(&resets_hw->reset, reset_bit);
while (!(resets_hw->reset_done & reset_bit))
;
}
}
// Helper to set the mode and extended function of a pin
static void
rp2040_gpio_peripheral(uint32_t gpio, int func, int pull_up)
{
padsbank0_hw->io[gpio] = (
PADS_BANK0_GPIO0_IE_BITS
| (PADS_BANK0_GPIO0_DRIVE_VALUE_4MA << PADS_BANK0_GPIO0_DRIVE_MSB)
| (pull_up > 0 ? PADS_BANK0_GPIO0_PUE_BITS : 0)
| (pull_up < 0 ? PADS_BANK0_GPIO0_PDE_BITS : 0));
iobank0_hw->io[gpio].ctrl = func << IO_BANK0_GPIO0_CTRL_FUNCSEL_LSB;
}
/****************************************************************
* rp2040 PIO support
****************************************************************/
#define PIO_CLOCK_PER_BIT 32
#define can2040_offset_sync_found_end_of_message 2u
#define can2040_offset_sync_signal_start 4u
#define can2040_offset_sync_entry 6u
#define can2040_offset_sync_end 13u
#define can2040_offset_shared_rx_read 13u
#define can2040_offset_shared_rx_end 15u
#define can2040_offset_match_load_next 18u
#define can2040_offset_match_end 25u
#define can2040_offset_tx_got_recessive 25u
#define can2040_offset_tx_start 26u
#define can2040_offset_tx_conflict 31u
static const uint16_t can2040_program_instructions[] = {
0x0085, // 0: jmp y--, 5
0x0048, // 1: jmp x--, 8
0xe13a, // 2: set x, 26 [1]
0x00cc, // 3: jmp pin, 12
0xc000, // 4: irq nowait 0
0x00c0, // 5: jmp pin, 0
0xc040, // 6: irq clear 0
0xe228, // 7: set x, 8 [2]
0xf242, // 8: set y, 2 [18]
0xc104, // 9: irq nowait 4 [1]
0x03c5, // 10: jmp pin, 5 [3]
0x0307, // 11: jmp 7 [3]
0x0043, // 12: jmp x--, 3
0x20c4, // 13: wait 1 irq, 4
0x4001, // 14: in pins, 1
0xa046, // 15: mov y, isr
0x00b2, // 16: jmp x != y, 18
0xc002, // 17: irq nowait 2
0x40eb, // 18: in osr, 11
0x4054, // 19: in y, 20
0xa047, // 20: mov y, osr
0x8080, // 21: pull noblock
0xa027, // 22: mov x, osr
0x0098, // 23: jmp y--, 24
0xa0e2, // 24: mov osr, y
0xa242, // 25: nop [2]
0x6021, // 26: out x, 1
0xa001, // 27: mov pins, x
0x20c4, // 28: wait 1 irq, 4
0x00d9, // 29: jmp pin, 25
0x023a, // 30: jmp !x, 26 [2]
0xc027, // 31: irq wait 7
};
// Setup PIO "sync" state machine (state machine 0)
static void
pio_sync_setup(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
struct pio_sm_hw *sm = &pio_hw->sm[0];
sm->execctrl = (
cd->gpio_rx << PIO_SM0_EXECCTRL_JMP_PIN_LSB
| (can2040_offset_sync_end - 1) << PIO_SM0_EXECCTRL_WRAP_TOP_LSB
| can2040_offset_sync_signal_start << PIO_SM0_EXECCTRL_WRAP_BOTTOM_LSB);
sm->pinctrl = (
1 << PIO_SM0_PINCTRL_SET_COUNT_LSB
| cd->gpio_rx << PIO_SM0_PINCTRL_SET_BASE_LSB);
sm->instr = 0xe080; // set pindirs, 0
sm->pinctrl = 0;
pio_hw->txf[0] = PIO_CLOCK_PER_BIT / 2 * 8 - 5 - 1;
sm->instr = 0x80a0; // pull block
sm->instr = can2040_offset_sync_entry; // jmp sync_entry
}
// Setup PIO "rx" state machine (state machine 1)
static void
pio_rx_setup(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
struct pio_sm_hw *sm = &pio_hw->sm[1];
sm->execctrl = (
(can2040_offset_shared_rx_end - 1) << PIO_SM0_EXECCTRL_WRAP_TOP_LSB
| can2040_offset_shared_rx_read << PIO_SM0_EXECCTRL_WRAP_BOTTOM_LSB);
sm->pinctrl = cd->gpio_rx << PIO_SM0_PINCTRL_IN_BASE_LSB;
sm->shiftctrl = 0; // flush fifo on a restart
sm->shiftctrl = (PIO_SM0_SHIFTCTRL_FJOIN_RX_BITS
| 8 << PIO_SM0_SHIFTCTRL_PUSH_THRESH_LSB
| PIO_SM0_SHIFTCTRL_AUTOPUSH_BITS);
sm->instr = can2040_offset_shared_rx_read; // jmp shared_rx_read
}
// Setup PIO "match" state machine (state machine 2)
static void
pio_match_setup(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
struct pio_sm_hw *sm = &pio_hw->sm[2];
sm->execctrl = (
(can2040_offset_match_end - 1) << PIO_SM0_EXECCTRL_WRAP_TOP_LSB
| can2040_offset_shared_rx_read << PIO_SM0_EXECCTRL_WRAP_BOTTOM_LSB);
sm->pinctrl = cd->gpio_rx << PIO_SM0_PINCTRL_IN_BASE_LSB;
sm->shiftctrl = 0;
sm->instr = 0xe040; // set y, 0
sm->instr = 0xa0e2; // mov osr, y
sm->instr = 0xa02a, // mov x, !y
sm->instr = can2040_offset_match_load_next; // jmp match_load_next
}
// Setup PIO "tx" state machine (state machine 3)
static void
pio_tx_setup(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
struct pio_sm_hw *sm = &pio_hw->sm[3];
sm->execctrl = cd->gpio_rx << PIO_SM0_EXECCTRL_JMP_PIN_LSB;
sm->shiftctrl = (PIO_SM0_SHIFTCTRL_FJOIN_TX_BITS
| PIO_SM0_SHIFTCTRL_AUTOPULL_BITS);
sm->pinctrl = (1 << PIO_SM0_PINCTRL_SET_COUNT_LSB
| 1 << PIO_SM0_PINCTRL_OUT_COUNT_LSB
| cd->gpio_tx << PIO_SM0_PINCTRL_SET_BASE_LSB
| cd->gpio_tx << PIO_SM0_PINCTRL_OUT_BASE_LSB);
sm->instr = 0xe001; // set pins, 1
sm->instr = 0xe081; // set pindirs, 1
}
// Set PIO "sync" machine to signal "may transmit" (sm irq 0) on 11 idle bits
static void
pio_sync_normal_start_signal(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
uint32_t eom_idx = can2040_offset_sync_found_end_of_message;
pio_hw->instr_mem[eom_idx] = 0xe13a; // set x, 26 [1]
}
// Set PIO "sync" machine to signal "may transmit" (sm irq 0) on 17 idle bits
static void
pio_sync_slow_start_signal(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
uint32_t eom_idx = can2040_offset_sync_found_end_of_message;
pio_hw->instr_mem[eom_idx] = 0xa127; // mov x, osr [1]
}
// Test if PIO "rx" state machine has overflowed its fifos
static int
pio_rx_check_stall(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
return pio_hw->fdebug & (1 << (PIO_FDEBUG_RXSTALL_LSB + 1));
}
// Report number of bytes still pending in PIO "rx" fifo queue
static int
pio_rx_fifo_level(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
return (pio_hw->flevel & PIO_FLEVEL_RX1_BITS) >> PIO_FLEVEL_RX1_LSB;
}
// Set PIO "match" state machine to raise a "matched" signal on a bit sequence
static void
pio_match_check(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t match_key)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
pio_hw->txf[2] = match_key;
}
// Calculate pos+bits identifier for PIO "match" state machine
static uint32_t
pio_match_calc_key(uint32_t raw_bits, uint32_t rx_bit_pos)
{
return (raw_bits & 0x1fffff) | ((-rx_bit_pos) << 21);
}
// Cancel any pending checks on PIO "match" state machine
static void
pio_match_clear(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_match_check(cd, 0);
}
// Flush and halt PIO "tx" state machine
static void
pio_tx_reset(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
pio_hw->ctrl = ((0x07 << PIO_CTRL_SM_ENABLE_LSB)
| (0x08 << PIO_CTRL_SM_RESTART_LSB));
pio_hw->irq = (1 << 2) | (1<< 3); // clear "matched" and "ack done" signals
// Clear tx fifo
struct pio_sm_hw *sm = &pio_hw->sm[3];
sm->shiftctrl = 0;
sm->shiftctrl = (PIO_SM0_SHIFTCTRL_FJOIN_TX_BITS
| PIO_SM0_SHIFTCTRL_AUTOPULL_BITS);
// Must reset again after clearing fifo
pio_hw->ctrl = ((0x07 << PIO_CTRL_SM_ENABLE_LSB)
| (0x08 << PIO_CTRL_SM_RESTART_LSB));
}
// Queue a message for transmission on PIO "tx" state machine
static void
pio_tx_send(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t *data, uint32_t count)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
pio_tx_reset(cd);
pio_hw->instr_mem[can2040_offset_tx_got_recessive] = 0xa242; // nop [2]
int i;
for (i=0; i<count; i++)
pio_hw->txf[3] = data[i];
struct pio_sm_hw *sm = &pio_hw->sm[3];
sm->instr = 0xe001; // set pins, 1
sm->instr = can2040_offset_tx_start; // jmp tx_start
sm->instr = 0x20c0; // wait 1 irq, 0
pio_hw->ctrl = 0x0f << PIO_CTRL_SM_ENABLE_LSB;
}
// Set PIO "tx" state machine to inject an ack after a CRC match
static void
pio_tx_inject_ack(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t match_key)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
pio_tx_reset(cd);
pio_hw->instr_mem[can2040_offset_tx_got_recessive] = 0xc023; // irq wait 3
pio_hw->txf[3] = 0x7fffffff;
struct pio_sm_hw *sm = &pio_hw->sm[3];
sm->instr = 0xe001; // set pins, 1
sm->instr = can2040_offset_tx_start; // jmp tx_start
sm->instr = 0x20c2; // wait 1 irq, 2
pio_hw->ctrl = 0x0f << PIO_CTRL_SM_ENABLE_LSB;
pio_match_check(cd, match_key);
}
// Check if the PIO "tx" state machine stopped due to passive/dominant conflict
static int
pio_tx_did_conflict(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
return pio_hw->sm[3].addr == can2040_offset_tx_conflict;
}
// Enable host irq on a "may transmit" signal (sm irq 0)
static void
pio_irq_set_maytx(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
pio_hw->inte0 = PIO_IRQ0_INTE_SM0_BITS | PIO_IRQ0_INTE_SM1_RXNEMPTY_BITS;
}
// Enable host irq on a "may transmit" or "matched" signal (sm irq 0 or 2)
static void
pio_irq_set_maytx_matched(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
pio_hw->inte0 = (PIO_IRQ0_INTE_SM0_BITS | PIO_IRQ0_INTE_SM2_BITS
| PIO_IRQ0_INTE_SM1_RXNEMPTY_BITS);
}
// Enable host irq on a "may transmit" or "ack done" signal (sm irq 0 or 3)
static void
pio_irq_set_maytx_ackdone(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
pio_hw->inte0 = (PIO_IRQ0_INTE_SM0_BITS | PIO_IRQ0_INTE_SM3_BITS
| PIO_IRQ0_INTE_SM1_RXNEMPTY_BITS);
}
// Atomically enable "may transmit" signal (sm irq 0)
static void
pio_irq_atomic_set_maytx(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
hw_set_bits(&pio_hw->inte0, PIO_IRQ0_INTE_SM0_BITS);
}
// Disable PIO host irqs (except for normal data read irq)
static void
pio_irq_set_none(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
pio_hw->inte0 = PIO_IRQ0_INTE_SM1_RXNEMPTY_BITS;
}
// Setup PIO state machines
static void
pio_sm_setup(struct can2040 *cd)
{
// Reset state machines
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
pio_hw->ctrl = PIO_CTRL_SM_RESTART_BITS | PIO_CTRL_CLKDIV_RESTART_BITS;
pio_hw->fdebug = 0xffffffff;
// Load pio program
int i;
for (i=0; i<ARRAY_SIZE(can2040_program_instructions); i++)
pio_hw->instr_mem[i] = can2040_program_instructions[i];
// Set initial state machine state
pio_sync_setup(cd);
pio_rx_setup(cd);
pio_match_setup(cd);
pio_tx_setup(cd);
// Start state machines
pio_hw->ctrl = 0x07 << PIO_CTRL_SM_ENABLE_LSB;
}
#define PIO_FUNC 6
// Initial setup of gpio pins and PIO state machines
static void
pio_setup(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t sys_clock, uint32_t bitrate)
{
// Configure pio0 clock
uint32_t rb = cd->pio_num ? RESETS_RESET_PIO1_BITS : RESETS_RESET_PIO0_BITS;
rp2040_clear_reset(rb);
// Setup and sync pio state machine clocks
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
uint32_t div = (256 / PIO_CLOCK_PER_BIT) * sys_clock / bitrate;
int i;
for (i=0; i<4; i++)
pio_hw->sm[i].clkdiv = div << PIO_SM0_CLKDIV_FRAC_LSB;
// Configure state machines
pio_sm_setup(cd);
// Map Rx/Tx gpios
rp2040_gpio_peripheral(cd->gpio_rx, PIO_FUNC, 1);
rp2040_gpio_peripheral(cd->gpio_tx, PIO_FUNC, 0);
}
/****************************************************************
* CRC calculation
****************************************************************/
// Calculated 8-bit crc table (see scripts/crc.py)
static const uint16_t crc_table[256] = {
0x0000,0x4599,0x4eab,0x0b32,0x58cf,0x1d56,0x1664,0x53fd,0x7407,0x319e,
0x3aac,0x7f35,0x2cc8,0x6951,0x6263,0x27fa,0x2d97,0x680e,0x633c,0x26a5,
0x7558,0x30c1,0x3bf3,0x7e6a,0x5990,0x1c09,0x173b,0x52a2,0x015f,0x44c6,
0x4ff4,0x0a6d,0x5b2e,0x1eb7,0x1585,0x501c,0x03e1,0x4678,0x4d4a,0x08d3,
0x2f29,0x6ab0,0x6182,0x241b,0x77e6,0x327f,0x394d,0x7cd4,0x76b9,0x3320,
0x3812,0x7d8b,0x2e76,0x6bef,0x60dd,0x2544,0x02be,0x4727,0x4c15,0x098c,
0x5a71,0x1fe8,0x14da,0x5143,0x73c5,0x365c,0x3d6e,0x78f7,0x2b0a,0x6e93,
0x65a1,0x2038,0x07c2,0x425b,0x4969,0x0cf0,0x5f0d,0x1a94,0x11a6,0x543f,
0x5e52,0x1bcb,0x10f9,0x5560,0x069d,0x4304,0x4836,0x0daf,0x2a55,0x6fcc,
0x64fe,0x2167,0x729a,0x3703,0x3c31,0x79a8,0x28eb,0x6d72,0x6640,0x23d9,
0x7024,0x35bd,0x3e8f,0x7b16,0x5cec,0x1975,0x1247,0x57de,0x0423,0x41ba,
0x4a88,0x0f11,0x057c,0x40e5,0x4bd7,0x0e4e,0x5db3,0x182a,0x1318,0x5681,
0x717b,0x34e2,0x3fd0,0x7a49,0x29b4,0x6c2d,0x671f,0x2286,0x2213,0x678a,
0x6cb8,0x2921,0x7adc,0x3f45,0x3477,0x71ee,0x5614,0x138d,0x18bf,0x5d26,
0x0edb,0x4b42,0x4070,0x05e9,0x0f84,0x4a1d,0x412f,0x04b6,0x574b,0x12d2,
0x19e0,0x5c79,0x7b83,0x3e1a,0x3528,0x70b1,0x234c,0x66d5,0x6de7,0x287e,
0x793d,0x3ca4,0x3796,0x720f,0x21f2,0x646b,0x6f59,0x2ac0,0x0d3a,0x48a3,
0x4391,0x0608,0x55f5,0x106c,0x1b5e,0x5ec7,0x54aa,0x1133,0x1a01,0x5f98,
0x0c65,0x49fc,0x42ce,0x0757,0x20ad,0x6534,0x6e06,0x2b9f,0x7862,0x3dfb,
0x36c9,0x7350,0x51d6,0x144f,0x1f7d,0x5ae4,0x0919,0x4c80,0x47b2,0x022b,
0x25d1,0x6048,0x6b7a,0x2ee3,0x7d1e,0x3887,0x33b5,0x762c,0x7c41,0x39d8,
0x32ea,0x7773,0x248e,0x6117,0x6a25,0x2fbc,0x0846,0x4ddf,0x46ed,0x0374,
0x5089,0x1510,0x1e22,0x5bbb,0x0af8,0x4f61,0x4453,0x01ca,0x5237,0x17ae,
0x1c9c,0x5905,0x7eff,0x3b66,0x3054,0x75cd,0x2630,0x63a9,0x689b,0x2d02,
0x276f,0x62f6,0x69c4,0x2c5d,0x7fa0,0x3a39,0x310b,0x7492,0x5368,0x16f1,
0x1dc3,0x585a,0x0ba7,0x4e3e,0x450c,0x0095
};
// Update a crc with 8 bits of data
static uint32_t
crc_byte(uint32_t crc, uint32_t data)
{
return (crc << 8) ^ crc_table[((crc >> 7) ^ data) & 0xff];
}
// Update a crc with 8, 16, 24, or 32 bits of data
static inline uint32_t
crc_bytes(uint32_t crc, uint32_t data, uint32_t num)
{
switch (num) {
default: crc = crc_byte(crc, data >> 24);
case 3: crc = crc_byte(crc, data >> 16);
case 2: crc = crc_byte(crc, data >> 8);
case 1: crc = crc_byte(crc, data);
}
return crc;
}
/****************************************************************
* Bit unstuffing
****************************************************************/
// Add 'count' number of bits from 'data' to the 'bu' unstuffer
static void
unstuf_add_bits(struct can2040_bitunstuffer *bu, uint32_t data, uint32_t count)
{
uint32_t mask = (1 << count) - 1;
bu->stuffed_bits = (bu->stuffed_bits << count) | (data & mask);
bu->count_stuff = count;
}
// Reset state and set the next desired 'count' unstuffed bits to extract
static void
unstuf_set_count(struct can2040_bitunstuffer *bu, uint32_t count)
{
bu->unstuffed_bits = 0;
bu->count_unstuff = count;
}
// Clear bitstuffing state (used after crc field to avoid bitstuffing ack field)
static void
unstuf_clear_state(struct can2040_bitunstuffer *bu)
{
uint32_t lb = 1 << bu->count_stuff;
bu->stuffed_bits = (bu->stuffed_bits & (lb - 1)) | lb;
}
// Pull bits from unstuffer (as specified in unstuf_set_count() )
static int
unstuf_pull_bits(struct can2040_bitunstuffer *bu)
{
uint32_t sb = bu->stuffed_bits, edges = sb ^ (sb >> 1);
uint32_t e2 = edges | (edges >> 1), e4 = e2 | (e2 >> 2), rm_bits = ~e4;
uint32_t cs = bu->count_stuff, cu = bu->count_unstuff;
if (!cs)
// Need more data
return 1;
for (;;) {
uint32_t try_cnt = cs > cu ? cu : cs;
for (;;) {
uint32_t try_mask = ((1 << try_cnt) - 1) << (cs + 1 - try_cnt);
if (likely(!(rm_bits & try_mask))) {
// No stuff bits in try_cnt bits - copy into unstuffed_bits
bu->count_unstuff = cu = cu - try_cnt;
bu->count_stuff = cs = cs - try_cnt;
bu->unstuffed_bits |= ((sb >> cs) & ((1 << try_cnt) - 1)) << cu;
if (! cu)
// Extracted desired bits
return 0;
break;
}
bu->count_stuff = cs = cs - 1;
if (rm_bits & (1 << (cs + 1))) {
// High bit of try_cnt a stuff bit
if (unlikely(rm_bits & (1 << cs))) {
// Six consecutive bits - a bitstuff error
if ((sb >> cs) & 1)
return -1;
return -2;
}
break;
}
// High bit not a stuff bit - limit try_cnt and retry
bu->count_unstuff = cu = cu - 1;
bu->unstuffed_bits |= ((sb >> cs) & 1) << cu;
try_cnt /= 2;
}
if (likely(!cs))
// Need more data
return 1;
}
}
/****************************************************************
* Bit stuffing
****************************************************************/
// Stuff 'num_bits' bits in '*pb' - upper bits must already be stuffed
static uint32_t
bitstuff(uint32_t *pb, uint32_t num_bits)
{
uint32_t b = *pb, count = num_bits;
for (;;) {
uint32_t try_cnt = num_bits, edges = b ^ (b >> 1);
uint32_t e2 = edges | (edges >> 1), e4 = e2 | (e2 >> 2), add_bits = ~e4;
for (;;) {
uint32_t try_mask = ((1 << try_cnt) - 1) << (num_bits - try_cnt);
if (!(add_bits & try_mask)) {
// No stuff bits needed in try_cnt bits
if (try_cnt >= num_bits)
goto done;
num_bits -= try_cnt;
try_cnt = (num_bits + 1) / 2;
continue;
}
if (add_bits & (1 << (num_bits - 1))) {
// A stuff bit must be inserted prior to the high bit
uint32_t low_mask = (1 << num_bits) - 1, low = b & low_mask;
uint32_t high = (b & ~(low_mask >> 1)) << 1;
b = high ^ low ^ (1 << (num_bits - 1));
count += 1;
if (num_bits <= 4)
goto done;
num_bits -= 4;
break;
}
// High bit doesn't need stuff bit - accept it, limit try_cnt, retry
num_bits--;
try_cnt /= 2;
}
}
done:
*pb = b;
return count;
}
// State storage for building bit stuffed transmit messages
struct bitstuffer_s {
uint32_t prev_stuffed, bitpos, *buf;
};
// Push 'count' bits of 'data' into stuffer without performing bit stuffing
static void
bs_pushraw(struct bitstuffer_s *bs, uint32_t data, uint32_t count)
{
uint32_t bitpos = bs->bitpos;
uint32_t wp = bitpos / 32, bitused = bitpos % 32, bitavail = 32 - bitused;
uint32_t *fb = &bs->buf[wp];
if (bitavail >= count) {
fb[0] |= data << (bitavail - count);
} else {
fb[0] |= data >> (count - bitavail);
fb[1] |= data << (32 - (count - bitavail));
}
bs->bitpos = bitpos + count;
}
// Push 'count' bits of 'data' into stuffer
static void
bs_push(struct bitstuffer_s *bs, uint32_t data, uint32_t count)
{
data &= (1 << count) - 1;
uint32_t stuf = (bs->prev_stuffed << count) | data;
uint32_t newcount = bitstuff(&stuf, count);
bs_pushraw(bs, stuf, newcount);
bs->prev_stuffed = stuf;
}
// Pad final word of stuffer with high bits
static uint32_t
bs_finalize(struct bitstuffer_s *bs)
{
uint32_t bitpos = bs->bitpos;
uint32_t words = DIV_ROUND_UP(bitpos, 32);
uint32_t extra = words * 32 - bitpos;
if (extra)
bs->buf[words - 1] |= (1 << extra) - 1;
return words;
}
/****************************************************************
* Transmit state tracking
****************************************************************/
// Transmit states (stored in cd->tx_state)
enum {
TS_IDLE = 0, TS_QUEUED = 1, TS_ACKING_RX = 2, TS_CONFIRM_TX = 3
};
// Calculate queue array position from a transmit index
static uint32_t
tx_qpos(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t pos)
{
return pos % ARRAY_SIZE(cd->tx_queue);
}
// Queue the next message for transmission in the PIO
static void
tx_schedule_transmit(struct can2040 *cd)
{
if (cd->tx_state == TS_QUEUED && !pio_tx_did_conflict(cd))
// Already queued or actively transmitting
return;
if (cd->tx_push_pos == cd->tx_pull_pos) {
// No new messages to transmit
cd->tx_state = TS_IDLE;
return;
}
cd->tx_state = TS_QUEUED;
struct can2040_transmit *qt = &cd->tx_queue[tx_qpos(cd, cd->tx_pull_pos)];
pio_tx_send(cd, qt->stuffed_data, qt->stuffed_words);
}
// Setup PIO state for ack injection
static int
tx_inject_ack(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t match_key)
{
if (cd->tx_state == TS_QUEUED && !pio_tx_did_conflict(cd)
&& pio_rx_fifo_level(cd) > 1)
// Rx state is behind - acking wont succeed and may halt active tx
return -1;
cd->tx_state = TS_ACKING_RX;
pio_tx_inject_ack(cd, match_key);
return 0;
}
// Check if the current parsed message is feedback from current transmit
static int
tx_check_local_message(struct can2040 *cd)
{
if (cd->tx_state != TS_QUEUED)
return 0;
struct can2040_transmit *qt = &cd->tx_queue[tx_qpos(cd, cd->tx_pull_pos)];
struct can2040_msg *pm = &cd->parse_msg, *tm = &qt->msg;
if (qt->crc == cd->parse_crc && tm->id == pm->id && tm->dlc == pm->dlc
&& tm->data32[0] == pm->data32[0] && tm->data32[1] == pm->data32[1]) {
// This is a self transmit
cd->tx_state = TS_CONFIRM_TX;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
/****************************************************************
* Notification callbacks
****************************************************************/
// Report state flags (stored in cd->report_state)
enum {
RS_IDLE = 0, RS_IS_TX = 1, RS_IN_MSG = 2, RS_AWAIT_EOF = 4,
};
// Report error to calling code (via callback interface)
static void
report_callback_error(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t error_code)
{
struct can2040_msg msg = {};
cd->rx_cb(cd, CAN2040_NOTIFY_ERROR | error_code, &msg);
}
// Report a received message to calling code (via callback interface)
static void
report_callback_rx_msg(struct can2040 *cd)
{
cd->rx_cb(cd, CAN2040_NOTIFY_RX, &cd->parse_msg);
}
// Report a message that was successfully transmited (via callback interface)
static void
report_callback_tx_msg(struct can2040 *cd)
{
cd->tx_pull_pos++;
cd->rx_cb(cd, CAN2040_NOTIFY_TX, &cd->parse_msg);
}
// EOF phase complete - report message (rx or tx) to calling code
static void
report_handle_eof(struct can2040 *cd)
{
if (cd->report_state == RS_IDLE)
// Message already reported or an unexpected EOF
return;
if (cd->report_state & RS_AWAIT_EOF) {
// Successfully processed a new message - report to calling code
pio_sync_normal_start_signal(cd);
if (cd->report_state & RS_IS_TX)
report_callback_tx_msg(cd);
else
report_callback_rx_msg(cd);
}
cd->report_state = RS_IDLE;
pio_match_clear(cd);
}
// Check if in an rx ack is pending
static int
report_is_acking_rx(struct can2040 *cd)
{
return cd->report_state == (RS_IN_MSG | RS_AWAIT_EOF);
}
// Parser found a new message start
static void
report_note_message_start(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_irq_set_maytx(cd);
}
// Setup for ack injection (if receiving) or ack confirmation (if transmit)
static void
report_note_crc_start(struct can2040 *cd)
{
uint32_t cs = cd->unstuf.count_stuff;
uint32_t crcstart_bitpos = cd->raw_bit_count - cs - 1;
uint32_t last = ((cd->unstuf.stuffed_bits >> cs) << 15) | cd->parse_crc;
uint32_t crc_bitcount = bitstuff(&last, 15 + 1) - 1;
uint32_t crcend_bitpos = crcstart_bitpos + crc_bitcount;
int ret = tx_check_local_message(cd);
if (ret) {
// This is a self transmit - setup tx eof "matched" signal
cd->report_state = RS_IN_MSG | RS_IS_TX;
last = (last << 10) | 0x02ff;
pio_match_check(cd, pio_match_calc_key(last, crcend_bitpos + 10));
return;
}
// Inject ack
cd->report_state = RS_IN_MSG;
last = (last << 1) | 0x01;
ret = tx_inject_ack(cd, pio_match_calc_key(last, crcend_bitpos + 1));
if (ret)
// Ack couldn't be scheduled (due to lagged parsing state)
return;
pio_irq_set_maytx_ackdone(cd);
// Setup for future rx eof "matched" signal
last = (last << 8) | 0x7f;
cd->report_eof_key = pio_match_calc_key(last, crcend_bitpos + 9);
}
// Parser found successful ack
static void
report_note_ack_success(struct can2040 *cd)
{
if (!(cd->report_state & RS_IN_MSG))
// Got rx "ackdone" and "matched" signals already
return;
cd->report_state |= RS_AWAIT_EOF;
if (cd->report_state & RS_IS_TX)
// Enable "matched" irq for fast back-to-back transmit scheduling
pio_irq_set_maytx_matched(cd);
}
// Parser found successful EOF
static void
report_note_eof_success(struct can2040 *cd)
{
report_handle_eof(cd);
}
// Parser found unexpected data on input
static void
report_note_parse_error(struct can2040 *cd)
{
if (cd->report_state != RS_IDLE) {
cd->report_state = RS_IDLE;
pio_match_clear(cd);
}
pio_sync_slow_start_signal(cd);
pio_irq_set_maytx(cd);
}
// Received PIO rx "ackdone" irq
static void
report_line_ackdone(struct can2040 *cd)
{
if (!(cd->report_state & RS_IN_MSG)) {
// Parser already processed ack and eof bits
pio_irq_set_maytx(cd);
return;
}
// Setup "matched" irq for fast rx callbacks
cd->report_state = RS_IN_MSG | RS_AWAIT_EOF;
pio_match_check(cd, cd->report_eof_key);
pio_irq_set_maytx_matched(cd);
// Schedule next transmit (so it is ready for next frame line arbitration)
tx_schedule_transmit(cd);
}
// Received PIO "matched" irq
static void
report_line_matched(struct can2040 *cd)
{
// Implement fast rx callback and/or fast back-to-back tx scheduling
report_handle_eof(cd);
pio_irq_set_none(cd);
tx_schedule_transmit(cd);
}
// Received 10+ passive bits on the line (between 10 and 17 bits)
static void
report_line_maytx(struct can2040 *cd)
{
// Line is idle - may be unexpected EOF, missed ack injection,
// missed "matched" signal, or can2040_transmit() kick.
report_handle_eof(cd);
pio_irq_set_none(cd);
tx_schedule_transmit(cd);
}
/****************************************************************
* Input state tracking
****************************************************************/
// Parsing states (stored in cd->parse_state)
enum {
MS_START, MS_HEADER, MS_EXT_HEADER, MS_DATA0, MS_DATA1,
MS_CRC, MS_ACK, MS_EOF0, MS_EOF1, MS_DISCARD
};
// Transition to the next parsing state
static void
data_state_go_next(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t state, uint32_t bits)
{
cd->parse_state = state;
unstuf_set_count(&cd->unstuf, bits);
}
// Transition to the MS_DISCARD state - drop all bits until 6 passive bits
static void
data_state_go_discard(struct can2040 *cd)
{
report_note_parse_error(cd);
if (pio_rx_check_stall(cd)) {
// CPU couldn't keep up for some read data - must reset pio state
cd->raw_bit_count = cd->unstuf.count_stuff = 0;
pio_sm_setup(cd);
report_callback_error(cd, 0);
}
data_state_go_next(cd, MS_DISCARD, 32);
}
// Received six dominant bits on the line
static void
data_state_line_error(struct can2040 *cd)
{
data_state_go_discard(cd);
}
// Received six passive bits on the line
static void
data_state_line_passive(struct can2040 *cd)
{
if (cd->parse_state != MS_DISCARD) {
// Bitstuff error
data_state_go_discard(cd);
return;
}
uint32_t stuffed_bits = cd->unstuf.stuffed_bits >> cd->unstuf.count_stuff;
if (stuffed_bits == 0xffffffff) {
// Counter overflow in "sync" state machine - reset it
pio_sync_setup(cd);
cd->unstuf.stuffed_bits = 0;
data_state_go_discard(cd);
return;
}
// Look for sof after 9 passive bits (most "PIO sync" will produce)
if (((stuffed_bits + 1) & 0x1ff) == 0) {
data_state_go_next(cd, MS_START, 1);
return;
}
data_state_go_discard(cd);
}
// Transition to MS_CRC state - await 16 bits of crc
static void
data_state_go_crc(struct can2040 *cd)
{
cd->parse_crc &= 0x7fff;
report_note_crc_start(cd);
data_state_go_next(cd, MS_CRC, 16);
}
// Transition to MS_DATA0 state (if applicable) - await data bits
static void
data_state_go_data(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t id, uint32_t data)
{
if (data & (0x03 << 4)) {
// Not a supported header
data_state_go_discard(cd);
return;
}
cd->parse_msg.data32[0] = cd->parse_msg.data32[1] = 0;
uint32_t dlc = data & 0x0f;
cd->parse_msg.dlc = dlc;
if (data & (1 << 6)) {
dlc = 0;
id |= CAN2040_ID_RTR;
}
cd->parse_msg.id = id;
if (dlc)
data_state_go_next(cd, MS_DATA0, dlc >= 4 ? 32 : dlc * 8);
else
data_state_go_crc(cd);
}
// Handle reception of first bit of header (after start-of-frame (SOF))
static void
data_state_update_start(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t data)
{
cd->parse_msg.id = data;
report_note_message_start(cd);
data_state_go_next(cd, MS_HEADER, 17);
}
// Handle reception of next 17 header bits
static void
data_state_update_header(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t data)
{
data |= cd->parse_msg.id << 17;
if ((data & 0x60) == 0x60) {
// Extended header
cd->parse_msg.id = data;
data_state_go_next(cd, MS_EXT_HEADER, 20);
return;
}
cd->parse_crc = crc_bytes(0, data, 3);
data_state_go_data(cd, (data >> 7) & 0x7ff, data);
}
// Handle reception of additional 20 bits of "extended header"
static void
data_state_update_ext_header(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t data)
{
uint32_t hdr1 = cd->parse_msg.id;
uint32_t crc = crc_bytes(0, hdr1 >> 4, 2);
cd->parse_crc = crc_bytes(crc, ((hdr1 & 0x0f) << 20) | data, 3);
uint32_t id = (((hdr1 << 11) & 0x1ffc0000) | ((hdr1 << 13) & 0x3e000)
| (data >> 7) | CAN2040_ID_EFF);
data_state_go_data(cd, id, data);
}
// Handle reception of first 1-4 bytes of data content
static void
data_state_update_data0(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t data)
{
uint32_t dlc = cd->parse_msg.dlc, bits = dlc >= 4 ? 32 : dlc * 8;
cd->parse_crc = crc_bytes(cd->parse_crc, data, dlc);
cd->parse_msg.data32[0] = __builtin_bswap32(data << (32 - bits));
if (dlc > 4)
data_state_go_next(cd, MS_DATA1, dlc >= 8 ? 32 : (dlc - 4) * 8);
else
data_state_go_crc(cd);
}
// Handle reception of bytes 5-8 of data content
static void
data_state_update_data1(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t data)
{
uint32_t dlc = cd->parse_msg.dlc, bits = dlc >= 8 ? 32 : (dlc - 4) * 8;
cd->parse_crc = crc_bytes(cd->parse_crc, data, dlc - 4);
cd->parse_msg.data32[1] = __builtin_bswap32(data << (32 - bits));
data_state_go_crc(cd);
}
// Handle reception of 16 bits of message CRC (15 crc bits + crc delimiter)
static void
data_state_update_crc(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t data)
{
if (((cd->parse_crc << 1) | 1) != data) {
data_state_go_discard(cd);
return;
}
unstuf_clear_state(&cd->unstuf);
data_state_go_next(cd, MS_ACK, 2);
}
// Handle reception of 2 bits of ack phase (ack, ack delimiter)
static void
data_state_update_ack(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t data)
{
if (data != 0x01) {
data_state_go_discard(cd);
return;
}
report_note_ack_success(cd);
data_state_go_next(cd, MS_EOF0, 4);
}
// Handle reception of first four end-of-frame (EOF) bits
static void
data_state_update_eof0(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t data)
{
if (data != 0x0f || pio_rx_check_stall(cd)) {
data_state_go_discard(cd);
return;
}
unstuf_clear_state(&cd->unstuf);
data_state_go_next(cd, MS_EOF1, 4);
}
// Handle reception of end-of-frame (EOF) bits 5-7 and first IFS bit
static void
data_state_update_eof1(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t data)
{
if (data >= 0x0e || (data >= 0x0c && report_is_acking_rx(cd)))
// Message is considered fully transmitted
report_note_eof_success(cd);
if (data == 0x0f)
data_state_go_next(cd, MS_START, 1);
else
data_state_go_discard(cd);
}
// Handle data received while in MS_DISCARD state
static void
data_state_update_discard(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t data)
{
data_state_go_discard(cd);
}
// Update parsing state after reading the bits of the current field
static void
data_state_update(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t data)
{
switch (cd->parse_state) {
case MS_START: data_state_update_start(cd, data); break;
case MS_HEADER: data_state_update_header(cd, data); break;
case MS_EXT_HEADER: data_state_update_ext_header(cd, data); break;
case MS_DATA0: data_state_update_data0(cd, data); break;
case MS_DATA1: data_state_update_data1(cd, data); break;
case MS_CRC: data_state_update_crc(cd, data); break;
case MS_ACK: data_state_update_ack(cd, data); break;
case MS_EOF0: data_state_update_eof0(cd, data); break;
case MS_EOF1: data_state_update_eof1(cd, data); break;
case MS_DISCARD: data_state_update_discard(cd, data); break;
}
}
/****************************************************************
* Input processing
****************************************************************/
// Process an incoming byte of data from PIO "rx" state machine
static void
process_rx(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t rx_byte)
{
unstuf_add_bits(&cd->unstuf, rx_byte, 8);
cd->raw_bit_count += 8;
// undo bit stuffing
for (;;) {
int ret = unstuf_pull_bits(&cd->unstuf);
if (likely(ret > 0)) {
// Need more data
break;
} else if (likely(!ret)) {
// Pulled the next field - process it
data_state_update(cd, cd->unstuf.unstuffed_bits);
} else {
if (ret == -1)
// 6 consecutive high bits
data_state_line_passive(cd);
else
// 6 consecutive low bits
data_state_line_error(cd);
}
}
}
// Main API irq notification function
void
can2040_pio_irq_handler(struct can2040 *cd)
{
pio_hw_t *pio_hw = cd->pio_hw;
uint32_t ints = pio_hw->ints0;
while (likely(ints & PIO_IRQ0_INTE_SM1_RXNEMPTY_BITS)) {
uint8_t rx_byte = pio_hw->rxf[1];
process_rx(cd, rx_byte);
ints = pio_hw->ints0;
if (likely(!ints))
return;
}
if (ints & PIO_IRQ0_INTE_SM3_BITS)
// Ack of received message completed successfully
report_line_ackdone(cd);
else if (ints & PIO_IRQ0_INTE_SM2_BITS)
// Transmit message completed successfully
report_line_matched(cd);
else if (ints & PIO_IRQ0_INTE_SM0_BITS)
// Bus is idle, but not all bits may have been flushed yet
report_line_maytx(cd);
}
/****************************************************************
* Transmit queuing
****************************************************************/
// API function to check if transmit space available
int
can2040_check_transmit(struct can2040 *cd)
{
uint32_t tx_pull_pos = readl(&cd->tx_pull_pos);
uint32_t tx_push_pos = cd->tx_push_pos;
uint32_t pending = tx_push_pos - tx_pull_pos;
return pending < ARRAY_SIZE(cd->tx_queue);
}
// API function to transmit a message
int
can2040_transmit(struct can2040 *cd, struct can2040_msg *msg)
{
uint32_t tx_pull_pos = readl(&cd->tx_pull_pos);
uint32_t tx_push_pos = cd->tx_push_pos;
uint32_t pending = tx_push_pos - tx_pull_pos;
if (pending >= ARRAY_SIZE(cd->tx_queue))
// Tx queue full
return -1;
// Copy msg into transmit queue
struct can2040_transmit *qt = &cd->tx_queue[tx_qpos(cd, tx_push_pos)];
uint32_t id = msg->id;
if (id & CAN2040_ID_EFF)
qt->msg.id = id & ~0x20000000;
else
qt->msg.id = id & (CAN2040_ID_RTR | 0x7ff);
qt->msg.dlc = msg->dlc & 0x0f;
uint32_t data_len = qt->msg.dlc > 8 ? 8 : qt->msg.dlc;
if (qt->msg.id & CAN2040_ID_RTR)
data_len = 0;
qt->msg.data32[0] = qt->msg.data32[1] = 0;
memcpy(qt->msg.data, msg->data, data_len);
// Calculate crc and stuff bits
uint32_t crc = 0;
memset(qt->stuffed_data, 0, sizeof(qt->stuffed_data));
struct bitstuffer_s bs = { 1, 0, qt->stuffed_data };
uint32_t edlc = qt->msg.dlc | (qt->msg.id & CAN2040_ID_RTR ? 0x40 : 0);
if (qt->msg.id & CAN2040_ID_EFF) {
// Extended header
uint32_t id = qt->msg.id;
uint32_t h1 = ((id & 0x1ffc0000) >> 11) | 0x60 | ((id & 0x3e000) >> 13);
uint32_t h2 = ((id & 0x1fff) << 7) | edlc;
crc = crc_bytes(crc, h1 >> 4, 2);
crc = crc_bytes(crc, ((h1 & 0x0f) << 20) | h2, 3);
bs_push(&bs, h1, 19);
bs_push(&bs, h2, 20);
} else {
// Standard header
uint32_t hdr = ((qt->msg.id & 0x7ff) << 7) | edlc;
crc = crc_bytes(crc, hdr, 3);
bs_push(&bs, hdr, 19);
}
int i;
for (i=0; i<data_len; i++) {
uint32_t v = qt->msg.data[i];
crc = crc_byte(crc, v);
bs_push(&bs, v, 8);
}
qt->crc = crc & 0x7fff;
bs_push(&bs, qt->crc, 15);
bs_pushraw(&bs, 1, 1);
qt->stuffed_words = bs_finalize(&bs);
// Submit
writel(&cd->tx_push_pos, tx_push_pos + 1);
// Wakeup if in TS_IDLE state
pio_irq_atomic_set_maytx(cd);
return 0;
}
/****************************************************************
* Setup
****************************************************************/
// API function to initialize can2040 code
void
can2040_setup(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t pio_num)
{
memset(cd, 0, sizeof(*cd));
cd->pio_num = !!pio_num;
cd->pio_hw = cd->pio_num ? pio1_hw : pio0_hw;
}
// API function to configure callback
void
can2040_callback_config(struct can2040 *cd, can2040_rx_cb rx_cb)
{
cd->rx_cb = rx_cb;
}
// API function to start CANbus interface
void
can2040_start(struct can2040 *cd, uint32_t sys_clock, uint32_t bitrate
, uint32_t gpio_rx, uint32_t gpio_tx)
{
cd->gpio_rx = gpio_rx;
cd->gpio_tx = gpio_tx;
pio_setup(cd, sys_clock, bitrate);
data_state_go_discard(cd);
}
// API function to stop and uninitialize can2040 code
void
can2040_shutdown(struct can2040 *cd)
{
// XXX
}
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