klipper-dgus/klippy/extras/shaper_calibrate.py

409 lines
16 KiB
Python

# Automatic calibration of input shapers
#
# Copyright (C) 2020 Dmitry Butyugin <dmbutyugin@google.com>
#
# This file may be distributed under the terms of the GNU GPLv3 license.
import collections, importlib, logging, math, multiprocessing
MIN_FREQ = 5.
MAX_FREQ = 200.
WINDOW_T_SEC = 0.5
MAX_SHAPER_FREQ = 150.
TEST_DAMPING_RATIOS=[0.075, 0.1, 0.15]
SHAPER_DAMPING_RATIO = 0.1
######################################################################
# Input shapers
######################################################################
InputShaperCfg = collections.namedtuple(
'InputShaperCfg', ('name', 'init_func', 'min_freq'))
def get_zv_shaper(shaper_freq, damping_ratio):
df = math.sqrt(1. - damping_ratio**2)
K = math.exp(-damping_ratio * math.pi / df)
t_d = 1. / (shaper_freq * df)
A = [1., K]
T = [0., .5*t_d]
return (A, T)
def get_zvd_shaper(shaper_freq, damping_ratio):
df = math.sqrt(1. - damping_ratio**2)
K = math.exp(-damping_ratio * math.pi / df)
t_d = 1. / (shaper_freq * df)
A = [1., 2.*K, K**2]
T = [0., .5*t_d, t_d]
return (A, T)
def get_mzv_shaper(shaper_freq, damping_ratio):
df = math.sqrt(1. - damping_ratio**2)
K = math.exp(-.75 * damping_ratio * math.pi / df)
t_d = 1. / (shaper_freq * df)
a1 = 1. - 1. / math.sqrt(2.)
a2 = (math.sqrt(2.) - 1.) * K
a3 = a1 * K * K
A = [a1, a2, a3]
T = [0., .375*t_d, .75*t_d]
return (A, T)
def get_ei_shaper(shaper_freq, damping_ratio):
v_tol = 0.05 # vibration tolerance
df = math.sqrt(1. - damping_ratio**2)
K = math.exp(-damping_ratio * math.pi / df)
t_d = 1. / (shaper_freq * df)
a1 = .25 * (1. + v_tol)
a2 = .5 * (1. - v_tol) * K
a3 = a1 * K * K
A = [a1, a2, a3]
T = [0., .5*t_d, t_d]
return (A, T)
def get_2hump_ei_shaper(shaper_freq, damping_ratio):
v_tol = 0.05 # vibration tolerance
df = math.sqrt(1. - damping_ratio**2)
K = math.exp(-damping_ratio * math.pi / df)
t_d = 1. / (shaper_freq * df)
V2 = v_tol**2
X = pow(V2 * (math.sqrt(1. - V2) + 1.), 1./3.)
a1 = (3.*X*X + 2.*X + 3.*V2) / (16.*X)
a2 = (.5 - a1) * K
a3 = a2 * K
a4 = a1 * K * K * K
A = [a1, a2, a3, a4]
T = [0., .5*t_d, t_d, 1.5*t_d]
return (A, T)
def get_3hump_ei_shaper(shaper_freq, damping_ratio):
v_tol = 0.05 # vibration tolerance
df = math.sqrt(1. - damping_ratio**2)
K = math.exp(-damping_ratio * math.pi / df)
t_d = 1. / (shaper_freq * df)
K2 = K*K
a1 = 0.0625 * (1. + 3. * v_tol + 2. * math.sqrt(2. * (v_tol + 1.) * v_tol))
a2 = 0.25 * (1. - v_tol) * K
a3 = (0.5 * (1. + v_tol) - 2. * a1) * K2
a4 = a2 * K2
a5 = a1 * K2 * K2
A = [a1, a2, a3, a4, a5]
T = [0., .5*t_d, t_d, 1.5*t_d, 2.*t_d]
return (A, T)
def get_shaper_smoothing(shaper):
# Smoothing calculation params
HALF_ACCEL = 2500.
SCV = 5.
A, T = shaper
inv_D = 1. / sum(A)
n = len(T)
# Calculate input shaper shift
ts = sum([A[i] * T[i] for i in range(n)]) * inv_D
# Calculate offset for 90 and 180 degrees turn
offset_90 = offset_180 = 0.
for i in range(n):
if T[i] >= ts:
# Calculate offset for one of the axes
offset_90 += A[i] * (SCV + HALF_ACCEL * (T[i]-ts)) * (T[i]-ts)
offset_180 += A[i] * HALF_ACCEL * (T[i]-ts)**2
offset_90 *= inv_D * math.sqrt(2.)
offset_180 *= inv_D
return max(offset_90, offset_180)
# min_freq for each shaper is chosen to have max projected smoothing ~= 0.33
INPUT_SHAPERS = [
InputShaperCfg('zv', get_zv_shaper, min_freq=22.),
InputShaperCfg('mzv', get_mzv_shaper, min_freq=25.),
InputShaperCfg('ei', get_ei_shaper, min_freq=31.),
InputShaperCfg('2hump_ei', get_2hump_ei_shaper, min_freq=40.),
InputShaperCfg('3hump_ei', get_3hump_ei_shaper, min_freq=50.),
]
######################################################################
# Frequency response calculation and shaper auto-tuning
######################################################################
class CalibrationData:
def __init__(self, freq_bins, psd_sum, psd_x, psd_y, psd_z):
self.freq_bins = freq_bins
self.psd_sum = psd_sum
self.psd_x = psd_x
self.psd_y = psd_y
self.psd_z = psd_z
self._psd_list = [self.psd_sum, self.psd_x, self.psd_y, self.psd_z]
self.data_sets = 1
def join(self, other):
np = self.numpy
joined_data_sets = self.data_sets + other.data_sets
for psd, other_psd in zip(self._psd_list, other._psd_list):
# `other` data may be defined at different frequency bins,
# interpolating to fix that.
other_normalized = other.data_sets * np.interp(
self.freq_bins, other.freq_bins, other_psd)
psd *= self.data_sets
psd[:] = (psd + other_normalized) * (1. / joined_data_sets)
self.data_sets = joined_data_sets
def set_numpy(self, numpy):
self.numpy = numpy
def normalize_to_frequencies(self):
for psd in self._psd_list:
# Avoid division by zero errors
psd /= self.freq_bins + .1
# Remove low-frequency noise
psd[self.freq_bins < MIN_FREQ] = 0.
CalibrationResult = collections.namedtuple(
'CalibrationResult',
('name', 'freq', 'vals', 'vibrs', 'smoothing', 'score'))
class ShaperCalibrate:
def __init__(self, printer):
self.printer = printer
self.error = printer.command_error if printer else Exception
try:
self.numpy = importlib.import_module('numpy')
except ImportError:
raise self.error(
"Failed to import `numpy` module, make sure it was "
"installed via `~/klippy-env/bin/pip install` (refer to "
"docs/Measuring_Resonances.md for more details).")
def background_process_exec(self, method, args):
if self.printer is None:
return method(*args)
import queuelogger
parent_conn, child_conn = multiprocessing.Pipe()
def wrapper():
queuelogger.clear_bg_logging()
try:
res = method(*args)
except:
child_conn.send((True, traceback.format_exc()))
child_conn.close()
return
child_conn.send((False, res))
child_conn.close()
# Start a process to perform the calculation
calc_proc = multiprocessing.Process(target=wrapper)
calc_proc.daemon = True
calc_proc.start()
# Wait for the process to finish
reactor = self.printer.get_reactor()
gcode = self.printer.lookup_object("gcode")
eventtime = last_report_time = reactor.monotonic()
while calc_proc.is_alive():
if eventtime > last_report_time + 5.:
last_report_time = eventtime
gcode.respond_info("Wait for calculations..", log=False)
eventtime = reactor.pause(eventtime + .1)
# Return results
is_err, res = parent_conn.recv()
if is_err:
raise self.error("Error in remote calculation: %s" % (res,))
calc_proc.join()
parent_conn.close()
return res
def _split_into_windows(self, x, window_size, overlap):
# Memory-efficient algorithm to split an input 'x' into a series
# of overlapping windows
step_between_windows = window_size - overlap
n_windows = (x.shape[-1] - overlap) // step_between_windows
shape = (window_size, n_windows)
strides = (x.strides[-1], step_between_windows * x.strides[-1])
return self.numpy.lib.stride_tricks.as_strided(
x, shape=shape, strides=strides, writeable=False)
def _psd(self, x, fs, nfft):
# Calculate power spectral density (PSD) using Welch's algorithm
np = self.numpy
window = np.kaiser(nfft, 6.)
# Compensation for windowing loss
scale = 1.0 / (window**2).sum()
# Split into overlapping windows of size nfft
overlap = nfft // 2
x = self._split_into_windows(x, nfft, overlap)
# First detrend, then apply windowing function
x = window[:, None] * (x - np.mean(x, axis=0))
# Calculate frequency response for each window using FFT
result = np.fft.rfft(x, n=nfft, axis=0)
result = np.conjugate(result) * result
result *= scale / fs
# For one-sided FFT output the response must be doubled, except
# the last point for unpaired Nyquist frequency (assuming even nfft)
# and the 'DC' term (0 Hz)
result[1:-1,:] *= 2.
# Welch's algorithm: average response over windows
psd = result.real.mean(axis=-1)
# Calculate the frequency bins
freqs = np.fft.rfftfreq(nfft, 1. / fs)
return freqs, psd
def calc_freq_response(self, raw_values):
np = self.numpy
if raw_values is None:
return None
if isinstance(raw_values, np.ndarray):
data = raw_values
else:
data = np.array(raw_values.decode_samples())
N = data.shape[0]
T = data[-1,0] - data[0,0]
SAMPLING_FREQ = N / T
# Round up to the nearest power of 2 for faster FFT
M = 1 << int(SAMPLING_FREQ * WINDOW_T_SEC - 1).bit_length()
if N <= M:
return None
# Calculate PSD (power spectral density) of vibrations per
# frequency bins (the same bins for X, Y, and Z)
fx, px = self._psd(data[:,1], SAMPLING_FREQ, M)
fy, py = self._psd(data[:,2], SAMPLING_FREQ, M)
fz, pz = self._psd(data[:,3], SAMPLING_FREQ, M)
return CalibrationData(fx, px+py+pz, px, py, pz)
def process_accelerometer_data(self, data):
calibration_data = self.background_process_exec(
self.calc_freq_response, (data,))
if calibration_data is None:
raise self.error(
"Internal error processing accelerometer data %s" % (data,))
calibration_data.set_numpy(self.numpy)
return calibration_data
def _estimate_shaper(self, shaper, test_damping_ratio, test_freqs):
np = self.numpy
A, T = np.array(shaper[0]), np.array(shaper[1])
inv_D = 1. / A.sum()
omega = 2. * math.pi * test_freqs
damping = test_damping_ratio * omega
omega_d = omega * math.sqrt(1. - test_damping_ratio**2)
W = A * np.exp(np.outer(-damping, (T[-1] - T)))
S = W * np.sin(np.outer(omega_d, T))
C = W * np.cos(np.outer(omega_d, T))
return np.sqrt(S.sum(axis=1)**2 + C.sum(axis=1)**2) * inv_D
def _estimate_remaining_vibrations(self, shaper, test_damping_ratio,
freq_bins, psd):
vals = self._estimate_shaper(shaper, test_damping_ratio, freq_bins)
remaining_vibrations = (vals * psd).sum() / psd.sum()
return (remaining_vibrations, vals)
def fit_shaper(self, shaper_cfg, calibration_data, max_smoothing):
np = self.numpy
test_freqs = np.arange(shaper_cfg.min_freq, MAX_SHAPER_FREQ, .2)
freq_bins = calibration_data.freq_bins
psd = calibration_data.psd_sum[freq_bins <= MAX_FREQ]
freq_bins = freq_bins[freq_bins <= MAX_FREQ]
best_res = None
results = []
for test_freq in test_freqs[::-1]:
shaper_vibrations = 0.
shaper_vals = np.zeros(shape=freq_bins.shape)
shaper = shaper_cfg.init_func(test_freq, SHAPER_DAMPING_RATIO)
shaper_smoothing = get_shaper_smoothing(shaper)
if max_smoothing and shaper_smoothing > max_smoothing and best_res:
return best_res
# Exact damping ratio of the printer is unknown, pessimizing
# remaining vibrations over possible damping values
for dr in TEST_DAMPING_RATIOS:
vibrations, vals = self._estimate_remaining_vibrations(
shaper, dr, freq_bins, psd)
shaper_vals = np.maximum(shaper_vals, vals)
if vibrations > shaper_vibrations:
shaper_vibrations = vibrations
# The score trying to minimize vibrations, but also accounting
# the growth of smoothing. The formula itself does not have any
# special meaning, it simply shows good results on real user data
shaper_score = shaper_vibrations**1.5 * shaper_smoothing
results.append(
CalibrationResult(
name=shaper_cfg.name, freq=test_freq, vals=shaper_vals,
vibrs=shaper_vibrations, smoothing=shaper_smoothing,
score=shaper_score))
if best_res is None or best_res.vibrs > results[-1].vibrs:
# The current frequency is better for the shaper.
best_res = results[-1]
# Try to find an 'optimal' shapper configuration: the one that is not
# much worse than the 'best' one, but gives much less smoothing
selected = best_res
for res in results[::-1]:
if res.vibrs < best_res.vibrs * 1.1 and res.score < selected.score:
selected = res
return selected
def find_best_shaper(self, calibration_data, max_smoothing, logger=None):
best_shaper = None
all_shapers = []
for shaper_cfg in INPUT_SHAPERS:
shaper = self.background_process_exec(self.fit_shaper, (
shaper_cfg, calibration_data, max_smoothing))
if logger is not None:
logger("Fitted shaper '%s' frequency = %.1f Hz "
"(vibrations = %.1f%%, smoothing ~= %.3f)" % (
shaper.name, shaper.freq, shaper.vibrs * 100.,
shaper.smoothing))
all_shapers.append(shaper)
if (best_shaper is None or shaper.score * 1.2 < best_shaper.score or
(shaper.score * 1.1 < best_shaper.score and
shaper.smoothing * 1.1 < best_shaper.smoothing)):
# Either the shaper significantly improves the score (by 20%),
# or it improves both the score and smoothing (by 10%)
best_shaper = shaper
return best_shaper, all_shapers
def save_params(self, configfile, axis, shaper_name, shaper_freq):
if axis == 'xy':
self.save_params(configfile, 'x', shaper_name, shaper_freq)
self.save_params(configfile, 'y', shaper_name, shaper_freq)
else:
configfile.set('input_shaper', 'shaper_type_'+axis, shaper_name)
configfile.set('input_shaper', 'shaper_freq_'+axis,
'%.1f' % (shaper_freq,))
def save_calibration_data(self, output, calibration_data, shapers=None):
try:
with open(output, "w") as csvfile:
csvfile.write("freq,psd_x,psd_y,psd_z,psd_xyz")
if shapers:
for shaper in shapers:
csvfile.write(",%s(%.1f)" % (shaper.name, shaper.freq))
csvfile.write("\n")
num_freqs = calibration_data.freq_bins.shape[0]
for i in range(num_freqs):
if calibration_data.freq_bins[i] >= MAX_FREQ:
break
csvfile.write("%.1f,%.3e,%.3e,%.3e,%.3e" % (
calibration_data.freq_bins[i],
calibration_data.psd_x[i],
calibration_data.psd_y[i],
calibration_data.psd_z[i],
calibration_data.psd_sum[i]))
if shapers:
for shaper in shapers:
csvfile.write(",%.3f" % (shaper.vals[i],))
csvfile.write("\n")
except IOError as e:
raise self.error("Error writing to file '%s': %s", output, str(e))