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docs: Provide details on review process for new submissions
Signed-off-by: Kevin O'Connor <kevin@koconnor.net>
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# Contributing to Klipper
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Thank you for contributing to Klipper! Please take a moment to read
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this document.
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Thank you for contributing to Klipper! This document describes the
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process for contributing changes to Klipper.
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## Creating a new issue
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Please see the [contact page](Contact.md) for information on reporting
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an issue or for details on contacting the developers.
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Please see the [contact page](Contact.md) for information on creating
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an issue.
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## Overview of Contribution Process
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## Submitting a pull request
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Contributions to Klipper generally follow a high-level process:
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Contributions of Code and documentation are managed through github
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pull requests. Each commit should have a commit message formatted
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similar to the following:
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1. A submitter starts by creating a
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[GitHub Pull Request](https://github.com/Klipper3d/klipper/pulls)
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when a submission is ready for widespread deployment.
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2. When a [reviewer](#reviewers) is available to
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[review](#what-to-expect-in-a-review) the submission, they will
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assign themselves to the Pull Request on GitHub. The goal of the
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review is to look for defects and to check that the submission
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follows documented guidelines.
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3. After a successful review, the reviewer will "approve the review"
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on GitHub and a [maintainer](#reviewers) will commit the change to
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the Klipper master branch.
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When working on enhancements, consider starting (or contributing to) a
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topic on [Klipper Discourse](Contact.md). An ongoing discussion on the
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forum can improve visibility of development work and may attract
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others interested in testing new work.
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## What to expect in a review
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Contributions to Klipper are reviewed before merging. The primary goal
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of the review process is to check for defects and to check that the
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submission follows guidelines specified in the Klipper documentation.
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It is understood that there are many ways to accomplish a task; it is
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not the intent of the review to discuss the "best" implementation.
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Where possible, review discussions focused on facts and measurements
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are preferable.
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The majority of submissions will result in feedback from a review. Be
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prepared to obtain feedback, provide further details, and to update
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the submission if needed.
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Common things a reviewer will look for:
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1. Is the submission free of defects and is it ready to be widely
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deployed?
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Submitters are expected to test their changes prior to submission.
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The reviewers look for errors, but they don't, in general, test
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submissions. An accepted submission is often deployed to thousands
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of printers within a few weeks of acceptance. Quality of
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submissions is therefore considered a priority.
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The main [Klipper3d/klipper](https://github.com/Klipper3d/klipper)
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GitHub repository does not accept experimental work. Submitters
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should perform experimentation, debugging, and testing in their own
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repositories. The [Klipper Discourse](Contact.md) server is a good
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place to raise awareness of new work and to find users interested
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in providing real-world feedback.
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Submissions must pass all [regression test cases](Debugging.md).
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Code submissions should not contain excessive debugging code,
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debugging options, nor run-time debug logging.
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Comments in code submissions should focus on enhancing code
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maintenance. Submissions should not contain "commented out code"
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nor excessive comments describing past implementations. There
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should not be excessive "todo" comments.
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Updates to documentation should not declare that they are a "work
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in progress".
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2. Is the copyright of the submission clear, non-gratuitous, and
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compatible?
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New C files and Python files should have an unambiguous copyright
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statement. See the existing files for the preferred format.
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Declaring a copyright on an existing file when making minor changes
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to that file is discouraged.
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Code taken from 3rd party sources must be compatible with the
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Klipper license (GNU GPLv3). Large 3rd party code additions should
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be added to the `lib/` directory (and follow the format described
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in [lib/README](../lib/README)).
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Submitters must provide a
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[Signed-off-by line](#format-of-commit-messages) using their full
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real name. It indicates the submitter agrees with the
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[developer certificate of origin](developer-certificate-of-origin).
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3. Does the submission follow guidelines specified in the Klipper
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documentation?
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In particular, code should follow the guidelines in
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[Code_Overview.md](Code_Overview.md) and config files should follow
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the guidelines in [Example_Configs.md](Example_Configs.md).
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4. Is the Klipper documentation updated to reflect new changes?
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At a minimum, the reference documentation must be updated with
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corresponding changes to the code:
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* All commands and command parameters must be documented in
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[G-Codes.md](G-Codes.md).
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* All user facing modules and their config parameters must be
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documented in [Config_Reference.md](Config_Reference.md).
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* All exported "status variables" must be documented in
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[Status_Reference.md](Status_Reference.md).
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* All new "webhooks" and their parameters must be documented in
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[API_Server.md](API_Server.md).
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* Any change that makes a non-backwards compatible change to a
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command or config file setting must be documented in
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[Config_Changes.md](Config_Changes.md).
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New documents should be added to [Overview.md](Overview.md) and be
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added to the website index
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[docs/_klipper3d/mkdocs.yml](../docs/_klipper3d/mkdocs.yml).
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5. Are commits well formed, address a single topic per commit, and
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independent?
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Commit messages should follow the
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[preferred format](#format-of-commit-messages).
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Commits must not have a merge conflict. New additions to the
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Klipper master branch are always done via a "rebase" or "squash and
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rebase". It is generally not necessary for submitters to re-merge
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their submission on every update to the Klipper master repository.
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However, if there is a merge conflict, then submitters are
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recommended to use `git rebase` to address the conflict.
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Each commit should address a single high-level change. Large
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changes should be broken up into multiple independent commits. Each
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commit should "stand on its own" so that tools like `git bisect`
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and `git revert` work reliably.
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Whitespace changes should not be mixed with functional changes. In
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general, gratuitous whitespace changes are not accepted unless they
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are from the established "owner" of the code being modified.
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6. Does the submission provide a "high impact" benefit to real-world
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users performing real-world tasks?
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Reviewers need to identify, at least in their own minds, roughly
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"who the target audience is", a rough scale of "the size of that
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audience", the "benefit" they will obtain, how the "benefit is
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measured", and the "results of those measurement tests". In most
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cases this will be obvious to both the submitter and the reviewer,
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and it is not explicitly stated during a review.
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Submissions to the master Klipper branch are expected to have a
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noteworthy target audience. As a general "rule of thumb",
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submissions should target a user base of at least a 100 real-world
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users.
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If a reviewer asks for details on the "benefit" of a submission,
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please don't consider it criticism. Being able to understand the
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real-world benefits of a change is a natural part of a review.
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When discussing benefits it is preferable to discuss "facts and
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measurements" instead of "opinions and theories". In general,
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reviewers are not looking for responses of the form "this
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submission may improve quality because of ...", nor are they
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looking for responses of the form "someone may find option X
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useful", nor are they looking for responses of the form "this
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submission adds a feature that firmware X implements". Instead, it
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is generally preferable to discuss details on how the quality
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improvement was measured and what were the results of those
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measurements - for example, "tests on Acme X1000 printers show
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improved corners as seen in picture ...", or for example "print
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time of real-world object X on a Foomatic X900 printer went from 4
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hours to 3.5 hours". It is understood that testing of this type can
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take significant time and effort. Some of Klipper's most notable
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features took years of discussion, rework, testing, and
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documentation prior to being merged into the master branch.
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All new modules, config options, commands, command parameters, and
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documents should have "high impact". We do not want to burden users
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with options that they can not reasonably configure nor do we want
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to burden them with options that don't provide a notable benefit.
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A reviewer may ask for clarification on how a user is to configure
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an option - an ideal response will contain details on the process -
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for example, "users of the MegaX500 are expected to set option X to
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99.3 while users of the Elite100Y are expected to calibrate option
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X using procedure ...".
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If the goal of an option is to make the code more modular then
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prefer using code constants instead of user facing config options.
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New modules, new options, and new parameters should not provide
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similar functionality to existing modules - if the differences are
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arbitrary than it's preferable to utilize the existing system or
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refactor the existing code.
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Klipper does not implement a strict "coding style guide", but
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modifications to existing code should follow the high-level code flow,
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code indentation style, and format of that existing code. Submissions
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of new modules and systems have more flexibility in coding style, but
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it is preferable for that new code to follow an internally consistent
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style and to generally follow industry wide coding norms.
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It is not a goal of a review to discuss "better implementations".
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However, if a reviewer struggles to understand the implementation of a
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submission, then they may ask for changes to make the implementation
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more transparent. In particular, if reviewers can not convince
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themselves that a submission is free of defects then changes may be
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necessary.
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As part of a review, a reviewer may create an alternate Pull Request
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for a topic. This may be done to avoid excessive "back and forth" on
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minor procedural items and thus streamline the submission process. It
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may also be done because the discussion inspires a reviewer to build
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an alternative implementation. Both situations are a normal result of
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a review and should not be considered criticism of the original
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submission.
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### Helping with reviews
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We appreciate help with reviews! It is not necessary to be a
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[listed reviewer](#reviewers) to perform a review. Submitters of
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GitHub Pull Requests are also encouraged to review their own
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submissions.
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To help with a review, follow the steps outlined in
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[what to expect in a review](#what-to-expect-in-a-review) to verify
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the submission. After completing the review, add a comment to the
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GitHub Pull Request with your findings. If the submission passes the
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review then please state that explicitly in the comment - for example
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something like "I reviewed this change according to the steps in the
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CONTRIBUTING document and everything looks good to me". If unable to
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complete some steps in the review then please explicitly state which
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steps were reviewed and which steps were not reviewed - for example
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something like "I didn't check the code for defects, but I reviewed
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everything else in the CONTRIBUTING document and it looks good".
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We also appreciate testing of submissions. If the code was tested then
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please add a comment to the GitHub Pull Request with the results of
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your test - success or failure. Please explicitly state that the code
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was tested and the results - for example something like "I tested this
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code on my Acme900Z printer with a vase print and the results were
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good".
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### Reviewers
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The Klipper "reviewers" are:
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| Name | GitHub Id | Areas of interest |
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| ---------------------- | ----------------- | ----------------- |
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| Dmitry Butyugin | @dmbutyugin | Input shaping, resonance testing, kinematics |
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| Eric Callahan | @Arksine | Bed leveling, MCU flashing |
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| Kevin O'Connor | @KevinOConnor | Core motion system, Micro-controller code |
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| Paul McGowan | @mental405 | Configuration files, documentation |
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Please do not "ping" any of the reviewers and please do not direct
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submissions at them. All of the reviewers monitor the forums and PRs,
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and will take on reviews when they have time to.
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The Klipper "maintainers" are:
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| Name | GitHub name |
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| ---------------------- | ----------------- |
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| Kevin O'Connor | @KevinOConnor |
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## Format of commit messages
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Each commit should have a commit message formatted similar to the
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following:
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```
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module: Capitalized, short (50 chars or less) summary
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@ -29,6 +284,12 @@ Further paragraphs come after blank lines..
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Signed-off-by: My Name <myemail@example.org>
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```
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In the above example, `module` should be the name of a file or
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directory in the repository (without a file extension). For example,
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`clocksync: Fix typo in pause() call at connect time`. The purpose of
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specifying a module name in the commit message is to help provide
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context for the commit comments.
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It is important to have a "Signed-off-by" line on each commit - it
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certifies that you agree to the
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[developer certificate of origin](developer-certificate-of-origin). It
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